κοινων-ός G2844
A sharer, partner, or companion; one who participates in a common reality or shares in a joint enterprise or relationship.
Describes someone bound to others through shared participation -- whether in a spiritual reality, a business venture, or a common cause. Paul warns the Corinthians that eating idol-sacrifices makes them 'sharers' with demons (1 Cor 10:18-20), while Peter calls himself a fellow 'participant' in glory (1 Pet 5:1) and believers become 'partakers' of the divine nature (2 Pet 1:4). In its relational sense, James and John are fishing 'partners' with Simon (Luke 5:10), Paul commends Titus as his 'partner' in ministry (2 Cor 8:23), and Philemon is Paul's beloved 'companion' in faith (Phlm 1:17). Spanish distinguishes the two senses well: 'participante/partícipes' for shared spiritual realities versus 'compañero/compañeros' for personal partnership.
Senses
1. sharer, participant — One who shares in or participates in a common reality, experience, or spiritual condition -- emphasizing the thing shared rather than the personal relationship. Paul uses it powerfully in 1 Corinthians 10:18-20 to warn that sacrificial eating creates genuine participation: those at the altar are 'sharers' in the altar, and idol-feasters become 'sharers' with demons. Peter similarly calls himself a 'sharer' in coming glory (1 Pet 5:1), and 2 Peter 1:4 declares believers 'partakers' of the divine nature. Spanish 'participante' and French 'participant' foreground the experiential communion at stake. 5×
AR["شَريكُ", "شُرَكاءَ", "شُرَكاءُ"]·ben["অংশীদার", "সহভাগী"]·DE["Teilhaber"]·EN["sharer", "sharers"]·FR["compagnon", "participant"]·heb["שֻׁתָּף", "שֻׁתָּפִים", "שֻׁתָּפֵי"]·HI["भागी", "सहभागी"]·ID["pengambil-bagian", "peserta", "sekutu", "sekutu-sekutu"]·IT["compagno", "koinōnoi", "koinōnos"]·jav["kang-ndhèrèk:", "sesarengan", "tumut"]·KO["동참자들이", "참여자", "참여자들"]·PT["participantes"]·RU["причастниками", "причастники", "соучастник:", "соучастники"]·ES["participante", "participantes", "partícipes"]·SW["mshiriki", "mwe-washirika", "washirika"]·TR["cinlerin-", "ortakları", "ortaklarıdır-", "ortaklarısınız", "ortağı"]·urd["شریک", "شریک:"]
2. partner, companion — A partner, companion, or associate in a shared enterprise or relationship -- emphasizing the interpersonal bond rather than abstract participation. James and John are called fishing 'partners' with Simon (Luke 5:10), Paul commends Titus as his ministry 'partner' (2 Cor 8:23), and Philemon is addressed as a personal 'companion' in faith (Phlm 1:17). The Pharisees deny being 'partners' with their ancestors in murdering prophets (Matt 23:30). Spanish 'compañero' and the relational context distinguish this from the more abstract participatory sense. 5×
AR["شَريكًا", "شَريكٌ", "شَريكَينِ", "شُرَكاءَ", "شُرَكَاء"]·ben["অংশীদার", "সহভাগী"]·DE["Teilhaber", "κοινωνοὶ"]·EN["partner", "partners"]·FR["compagnon", "participant"]·heb["שֻׁתָּף", "שֻׁתָּפִים"]·HI["सथि", "सहभागी", "साझीदार", "साझेदार"]·ID["rekan", "rekan-rekan", "sekutu", "sekutu,"]·IT["compagno", "koinōnoi", "koinōnon"]·jav["kanca", "kanca-nyambut-damel", "réncang", "réncang,", "sesarengan"]·KO["동료들이", "동료들이라", "동료로서", "동료이다", "동업자들"]·PT["como-companheiro,", "companheiro", "companheiros"]·RU["общником,", "сообщниками", "соучастник", "соучастниками", "соучастники"]·ES["compañero", "compañeros", "partícipes"]·SW["-", "mfanyakazi-pamoja", "mshirika", "washirika", "washiriki"]·TR["ortak,", "ortak-", "ortakları", "paylaşımcılar"]·urd["تھے", "شریک"]
Related Senses
H5971a 1. people, nation (1836×)H5973a 1. accompaniment, together with (956×)H0854 1. with (accompaniment) (665×)H1471a 1. nations, peoples (plural/collective) (466×)G3326 1. with (368×)H1285 1. covenant, pact, treaty (284×)G2453 1. Jewish person, Jew (194×)H4150 1. meeting (tent of meeting) (151×)G2992 1. people/nation (an ethnic or political community) (142×)G4862 1. (129×)G1484 1. Gentiles, non-Jewish nations (128×)H1471a 2. nation, people-group (singular) (98×)H3162b 1. together (97×)H1616 1. sojourner, resident alien (92×)H0567 1. Amorite (people group) (87×)H3064 1. Jew, Jewish person (81×)H3669a 1. Canaanite (ethnic designation) (70×)G1122 1. scribe / expert in the Law (63×)H2114a 1. stranger, foreigner (person) (54×)H5608b 1. scribe, royal secretary (48×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κοινων-ός, ὁ, also ἡ, companion, partner, τινος of or in a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ τοῦ κακοῦ κ. accomplice in.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τινι in a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 absolutely, partner, fellow, Refs 5th c.BC+; κοινωνοὶ λιμένων, of a societas publicanorum which farmed harbour-dues, Refs; of joint-owners, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 familiar spirit, LXX __II as adjective, ={κοινός},{ξίφος} Refs 5th c.BC+