ἥττημα G2275
defeat, loss, failure
Originally a military term for defeat or rout, this noun describes loss or diminishment of any kind. Paul uses it twice in pointed ways. Romans 11:12 reasons, 'Now if their trespass means riches for the world, and if their failure means riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their full inclusion mean!'—Israel's 'defeat' (rejection of Messiah) paradoxically brought gospel blessing to nations, so their restoration will bring even greater blessing. In 1 Corinthians 6:7, Paul says Christian lawsuits against each other represent 'an utter failure' (or defeat)—they've already lost by suing. The word marks spiritual and strategic loss.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Both uses describe loss that reveals deeper problems: Israel's unbelief is a 'defeat' that God sovereignly uses for Gentile salvation (yet promises future reversal), while Corinthian litigation is a 'defeat' exposing failed love and testimony. The military etymology suggests not just setback but rout—a decisive loss. Yet Romans 11 shows God can turn defeat into victory for others, while 1 Corinthians 6 warns that some defeats can't be undone: the lawsuit is already a loss regardless of the verdict. 2×
AR["نَقْصُ", "هَزيمَةٌ"]·ben["ক্ষতি", "পরাজয়"]·DE["Verlust"]·EN["defeat"]·FR["défaite"]·heb["כִּשָׁלוֹן", "מִעוּט"]·HI["हार"]·ID["kekalahan"]·IT["sconfitta"]·jav["kalah", "kekalahan"]·KO["줄어듬이", "패배가"]·PT["derrota", "diminuição"]·RU["богатство", "поражение"]·ES["derrota"]·SW["kushindwa", "ni-kushindwa"]·TR["hata", "yenilgisi"]·urd["نقص", "کمی"]
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)G4717 1. crucify, fasten to a cross (46×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)G0622 1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) (41×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἥττημα, ατος, τό, discomfiture, LXX; loss, NT: ἥττησις, εως, ἡ, = {ἧττα}, Refs