ἔλαιον G1637
Olive oil — pressed oil from olives, used for anointing, lamps, healing, and trade
The noun ἔλαιον (elaion) denotes olive oil, the essential oil of the ancient Mediterranean. In the parable of the ten virgins, five foolish ones lack oil for their lamps (Matt 25:3-4, 8). Jesus notes that Simon 'did not anoint my head with oil' (Luke 7:46). The Twelve anoint the sick with oil (Mark 6:13), and James instructs elders to do the same (Jas 5:14). The Good Samaritan pours oil and wine on wounds (Luke 10:34). In Revelation, oil is a protected commodity (Rev 6:6) and a luxury of Babylon (Rev 18:13). Spanish 'aceite' and French 'huile' both derive from olive-oil tradition.
Senses
1. olive oil — Olive oil as a physical substance used for lamps, anointing, healing, and commerce. Lamp fuel in the ten virgins parable (Matt 25:3-4, 8). Anointing the head as hospitality (Luke 7:46). Healing anointing of the sick (Mark 6:13; Jas 5:14). First aid poured on wounds (Luke 10:34). Trade commodity protected from scarcity (Rev 6:6) and listed among Babylon's imports (Rev 18:13). Figurative 'oil of gladness' denoting divine favor (Heb 1:9). Spanish 'aceite' and Arabic 'zayt' confirm a single referent. 11×
AR["الزَّيتَ", "بِزَيتٍ", "بِزَيْتٍ", "بِزَيْتِ", "زَيْتاً", "زَيْتًا", "زَيْتٍ", "زَيْتِكُنَّ"]·ben["তেল", "তেলে", "তেলের"]·DE["Oel", "Öl"]·EN["of-oil", "oil", "with-oil"]·FR["huile"]·heb["בְּ-שֶׁמֶן", "בְּשֶׁמֶן", "הַ-שֶׁמֶן", "שֶׁמֶן"]·HI["तेल", "तेल-की।", "तेल-से", "मलते-थे"]·ID["dengan-minyak", "minyak"]·IT["elaion", "elaiō", "olio"]·jav["lenga", "lisah", "lisah-zaitún", "lisah.", "mawi-lisah"]·KO["기름-과", "기름-으로", "기름-을", "기름-의", "기름과", "기름으로", "기름을"]·PT["azeite", "com-óleo", "de-azeite", "óleo"]·RU["елеем", "масла", "масло", "маслом"]·ES["aceite", "con-aceite", "de-aceite"]·SW["kwa-mafuta", "mafuta", "mafuta,", "za-mafuta"]·TR["ve-", "yağ", "yağla", "yağı", "yağınızdan", "yağıyla", "zeytinyağı"]·urd["تیل", "تیل-سے", "تیل-کے"]
Related Senses
H8081 1. oil (substance) (180×)H3196 1. wine (fermented grape juice) (141×)H1706 1. honey (54×)H4682 1. unleavened bread/cakes (53×)H2461 1. milk (42×)H8492 1. new wine / must (38×)H0400 1. food, nourishment (36×)G3631 1. wine (34×)H3978 1. food, nourishment (30×)H1314 1. spice / perfume / balsam (29×)H7416 1. pomegranate (fruit/ornament) (28×)H3323 1. fresh oil, olive oil (23×)H2964 1. prey, torn flesh (19×)H3899 2. food, sustenance (19×)G1033 1. food (17×)G5160 1. food (16×)H5561 1. spices, aromatic substances (16×)H0402 1. food, nourishment (14×)G2219 1. leaven (13×)H4478a 1. manna (13×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἔλαιον, τό, (ἐλαία) olive-oil, in Refs 8th c.BC+ mostly anointing-oil, used after the bath, λοεσσαμένω καὶ ἀλειψαμένω λίπ᾽ ἐλαίῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; before wrestling and other gymnastic exercises, πωλησεῦντι τὸ ἔ. εἰς τὸ γυμνάσιον Refs; ἔ. θεῖναι to provide oil at the baths, Refs (a); ἐλαίῳ πῦρ κατας βεννύναι Refs 2nd c.AD+; εὐῶδες ἔ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ῥοδόεν (rose-scented) Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔ.…