ἀπείθ-εια G0543
Disobedience, refusal to comply; willful resistance to authority, especially divine command.
Denotes disobedience or willful non-compliance, particularly toward God's revealed will. Paul uses it as a key theological term in Romans 11 to describe Israel's corporate disobedience that paradoxically opens the door of mercy to the Gentiles (Rom 11:30, 32). In Eph 2:2 it characterizes the pre-conversion state as walking in 'the spirit of disobedience,' while Eph 5:6 and Col 3:6 warn that God's wrath comes upon 'the sons of disobedience.' Spanish 'desobediencia,' French 'desobeissance,' and German 'Ungehorsam' all preserve the same privative structure: un-obedience, dis-obedience.
Senses
1. disobedience — Willful disobedience or refusal to believe and comply, especially toward God's commands and revelation. The multilingual evidence is perfectly uniform: Spanish 'desobediencia,' French 'desobeissance,' German 'Ungehorsam' — each a privative formation mirroring the Greek alpha-privative structure. In Rom 11:30 and 11:32, Paul develops a theology of disobedience where Israel's refusal becomes the instrument of universal mercy; in Eph 2:2 'sons of disobedience' describes the unregenerate condition; in Eph 5:6 and Col 3:6 divine wrath is directed at such disobedience. No semantic subdivision is warranted across these seven occurrences. 7×
AR["العِصيانِ", "العِصْيَانِ", "عِصْيَانٍ", "عِصْيَانِ"]·ben["অবাধ্যতা", "অবাধ্যতা-র", "অবাধ্যতায়,", "অবাধ্যতায়;", "অবাধ্যতার"]·DE["Ungehorsam"]·EN["disobedience"]·FR["désobéissance"]·heb["אִי-צִיּוּת", "מֶרִי", "מֶרִי›"]·HI["अवग्य", "अविश्वास", "अविश्वास-के"]·ID["ketidaktaatan", "ketidaktaatan.", "ketidaktaatan;"]·IT["disobbedienza", "disubbidienza"]·jav["duraka", "mbangkang", "mbangkang,", "mbangkang;", "pambangkang.", "pembangkangan;"]·KO["불순종-의", "불순종에", "불순종에-의하여", "불순종으로", "불순종의", "불순종의)", "불순종의;"]·PT["desobediência", "desobediência,", "desobediência.", "desobediência;"]·RU["-всех", "непокорности", "непокорности.", "непокорности;", "непослушанием", "непослушания"]·ES["desobediencia"]·SW["kutokutii,", "kutokutii;", "kutotii", "uasi", "ukaidi"]·TR["-nin-", "itaatsizligin", "itaatsizliğe", "itaatsizliğin", "itaatsizliğiyle"]·urd["نافرمانی", "نافرمانی-سے", "نافرمانی-کے"]
Related Senses
H8104 1. Qal: keep, observe (law/covenant) (399×)G3101 1. disciple, learner (263×)H5826 1. Qal: to help, aid (53×)H8334 1. to minister, serve (52×)H8334 2. minister, servant, attendant (46×)G5083 1. observe or obey commands (41×)H8104 2. Niphal: beware, take heed (34×)G1247 1. to serve or minister to (32×)H3256 1. discipline, chastise (Piel active) (27×)H5833 1. help, aid, assistance (26×)H8104 3. Qal: watch, look out (26×)H5341 1. keep, observe (commandments) (24×)G5083 2. guard or protect someone (23×)H5647 2. serve, minister to (a person) (21×)H5826 2. Qal participle: helper (21×)G5219 1. obey, be obedient to (20×)H5341 2. guard, protect, preserve (a person) (20×)G1398 1. serve, render service to (19×)H5828 1. help, assistance (19×)H5411 1. Nethinim, temple servants (18×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἀπείθ-εια, ἡ, disobedience, NT+5th c.BC+; later ἀπειθία, ἡ, Refs 2nd c.AD+