αἷμα G0129
Blood — the vital fluid of life; used for sacrificial atonement, covenant ratification, guilt for bloodshed, and the blood of Christ
Haima carries extraordinary theological density across its 98 New Testament occurrences. Literally it denotes the red fluid coursing through the body, but its figurative uses dwarf the literal ones. 'Flesh and blood' is an idiom for mortal human nature (Matt 16:17; 1 Cor 15:50). Shed blood signifies violent death and the guilt it incurs (Matt 23:35; 27:25). Most centrally, blood is the medium of atonement: the blood of the new covenant poured out for many (Matt 26:28), the blood of Christ through which redemption comes (Eph 1:7; Heb 9:12-14). Revelation intensifies every register — blood of martyrs, blood of the Lamb, rivers turned to blood — making haima one of the New Testament's most theologically charged nouns.
Senses
1. blood — The vital fluid of human or animal bodies, extending to the theologically rich domains of sacrificial atonement, covenant ratification, guilt for murder, and mortal human nature. The 'blood of Christ' — poured out for the new covenant (Matt 26:28), securing eternal redemption (Heb 9:12) — forms the theological center. 'Flesh and blood' denotes human frailty (Matt 16:17; Gal 1:16), while 'his blood be on us' (Matt 27:25) carries the weight of responsibility for violence. Spanish 'sangre,' French 'sang,' and German 'Blut' each cover the full literal-to-sacrificial spectrum with a single word. 98×
AR["دَمًا", "دَمٌ", "دَمٍ", "دَمَهُمْ", "دَمُ", "دَمُهُ", "دَمِ", "دَمِها", "دَمِي"]·ben["রক্ত", "রক্তে", "রক্তের"]·DE["Blut"]·EN["blood", "of-blood"]·FR["sang"]·heb["דַּם", "דָּם", "דָּמִי", "דָּמָם"]·HI["और", "लहु-ने", "लहू", "लहू-के", "सालों"]·ID["Darah", "darah"]·IT["sangue"]·jav["getih", "rah", "rah)."]·KO["피", "피-가", "피-를", "피-의", "피가", "피를", "피의", "피이다"]·PT["de-sangue", "sangue"]·RU["Кровь", "крови", "кровь"]·ES["de-sangre", "la-sangre", "sangre"]·SW["Damu", "damu", "kwa-damu", "manabii", "ya-Habel", "ya-Zacharias", "ya-damu", "ya-haki"]·TR["Kanı", "kan", "kan)", "kanı", "kanım", "kanın", "kanına", "kanında", "kanından", "kanını", "kanının"]·urd["خون", "خون-کا", "خون-کے", "خُون", "خُون-سے", "خُون-کی"]
Matt 16:17, Matt 23:30, Matt 23:35, Matt 23:35, Matt 23:35, Matt 26:28, Matt 27:4, Matt 27:6, Matt 27:24, Matt 27:25, Matt 27:49, Mark 5:25 (+38 more)
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
αἷμα, ατος, τό, blood, Refs 8th c.BC+: in plural, streams of blood, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of anything like blood, ΒακχίουLXX+5th c.BC+ __2.b dye obtained from ἄγχουσα, alkanet, Refs __3 with collateral meaning of spirit, courage, οὐκ ἔχων αἷμα pale, spiritless Refs 4th c.BC+ __II bloodshcd, murder, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅμαιμον αἷ. a kinsman's murder, Refs 4th c.BC+; εἴργασται μητρῷον αἷ. Refs 5th c.BC+;…