Supernatural Beings and Powers

אֱלֹהִים2570 n.m.pl. (f. 1 K 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים cf. also Nesl.c.) 1. pl. in number. †a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: האלהים Ex 21:6 (Onk 𝔖, but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ 𝔊) 22:7, 8; אלהים 22:8, 27 (𝔗 Ra AE Ew RVm; but gods, 𝔊 Josephus Philo AV; God, Di RV; all Covt. code of E) cf. 1 S 2:25 v. Dr.; Ju 5:8 (Ew, but gods 𝔊; God 𝔖 BarHeb.; יהוה 𝔙 Be) ψ 82:1, 6 (De Ew Pe; but angels Bl Hup) 138:1 (𝔖 𝔗 Rab Ki De; but angels 𝔊 Calv; God, Ew; gods, Hup Pe Che). †b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels ψ 8:6 (De Che Br; but angels 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Ew; God, RV and most moderns) Gn 1:27 (if with Philo 𝔗 Jer De Che we interpret נעשה as God’s consultation with angels; cf. Jb 38:7). †c. angels ψ 97:7 (𝔊 𝔖 Calv; but gods, Hup De Pe Che); cf. בני (ה)אלהים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Jb 1:6; 2:1; 38:7 Gn 6:2, 4 (J; so 𝔊 Bks. of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude v 6; 2 Pet 2:4 JosAnt. i, 3, 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Onk and Rab.; sons of God, the pious, Theod Chrys Jer Augustine Luther Calv Hengst; 𝔊L read οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ), cf. בני אלים. d. gods האלהים Ex 18:11; 22:19 (E) 1 S 4:3; 2 Ch 2:4 ψ 86:3; אלהי האלהים the God of gods, supreme God Dt 10:17 ψ 136:2; אלהים Ex 32:1, 23 (JE) Ju 9:13; אלהים אחרים other gods Ex 20:3; 23:13 Jos 24:2, 16 (E) Dt 31:18, 20 (JE) 5:7 + (17 times in D, not P) Ju 2:12, 17, 19; 10:13 1 S 8:8; 26:19 1 K 9:6, 9 (= 2 Ch 7:19, 22) 11:4, 10; 14:9 2 K 5:17; 17:35, 37, 38; 22:17 (= 2 Ch 34:25) 2 Ch 28:25 Je 1:16 + (18 times Je) Ho 3:1; אלהי (ה)נכר foreign gods Gn 35:2, 4 Jos 24:20, 23 (E) Dt 31:16 (JE) Ju 10:16 1 S 7:3 2 Ch 33:15 Je 5:19; א׳ נחור (v. 4 b); א׳ מצרים Ex 12:12 (P) Je 43:12, 13; א׳ האמרי Jos 24:15 (E) Ju 6:10; א׳ ארם etc. Ju 10:6; אלהים מעשה ידי Dt 4:28; א׳ הגוים gods of the nations 2 K 18:33; 19:12 Dt 29:17; 2 Ch 32:17, 19 Is 36:18; 37:12; א׳ העמים Dt 6:14; 13:8 Ju 2:12 ψ 96:5 1 Ch 5:25; 16:26; 2 Ch 32:13, 14; א׳ כסף Ex 20:23 (E); א׳ זהב Ex 20:23 (E) 32:31 (JE); א׳ מַסֵּכָה Ex 34:17 (J) Lv 19:4 (H). 2. Pl. intensive. a. god or goddess, always with sf. 1 S 5:7 (Dagon), Ju 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 K 18:24 (Baal), Ju 9:27 Dn 1:2(×2); or cstr. לעשתרת א׳ צדנים לכמוש א׳ מואב to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 K 11:33; א׳ הארץ god of the land 2 K 17:26(×2), 27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 K 20:28. b. godlike one Ex 4:16 (J; Moses in relation to Aaron), Ex 7:1 (P; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 S 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), ψ 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, 𝔊 𝔖 Jer, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God’s = God’s throne AE Ki Thes Ew Hup, cf. 1 Ch 28:5). c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (vid. אֵל 5) הר אלהים ψ 68:16; Ez 28:14, 16; אש אלהים Jb 1:16; גן (ה)אלהים Ez 28:13; 31:8, 9. d. God (vid. 3 & 4). 3. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God, י׳ הוא האלהים Yahweh is (the) God Dt 4:35, 39; 7:9 1 K 8:60; 18:39(×2) 2 Ch 33:13 הוא האלהים 1 K 18:24 Is 45:18; י׳ האלהים Jos 22:34 (P?) 1 K 18:21; 2 Ch 32:16; אתה הוא האלהים 2 S 7:28; 1 K 18:37; 2 K 19:15; 1 Ch 17:26; Is 37:16; Ne 9:7; האלהים as subj. or obj. is used in E 33 times, Chr 38 times, Ec 31 times, Jon 5 times, elsewhere Gn 5:22, 24; 6:9, 11 (sources of P) 17:18 (P) Jos 22:34 (P?) Gn 44:16 (J) Dt 4:35, 39; 7:9; Ju 6:36, 39; 7:14; 10:14; 16:28; 21:2 1 S 10:3, 7; 14:36; 2 S 2:27; 6:7; 7:28; 12:16 1 K 8:60; 18:21, 24(×2), 37, 39(×2) 2 K 19:15 (Ephr) Jb 2:10 Je 11:12 Is 37:16; 45:18 ψ 108:14 Dn 1:9, 17; י׳ הא׳ הקדוש 1 S 6:20; י׳ הא׳ הגדול Ne 8:6; הא׳ אשר בירושלם Ezr 1:3; אדני האלהים Dn 9:3; in many phrases, as איש האלהים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Ju 13:6, 8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 S 9:6–10, cf. אִישׁ הָרוּחַ Hos 9:7): of Moses Dt 33:1 Jos 14:6 (E) 1 Ch 23:14 2 Ch 30:16 Ezr 3:2 ψ 90:1; of Samuel 1 S 9:6–10; of David 2 Ch 8:14 Ne 12:24, 36; Shemaiah 1 K 12:22 (= 2 Ch 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 K 13:1–31; 17:18–24; 20:28 2 K 1:9–13; 4:7–42; 5:8–20; 6:6–15; 7:2, 17; 8:2–11; 13:19; 23:16–17 (Ephr.) 2 Ch 25:7, 9; unnamed prophet 1 S 2:27; Hanan Je 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד האלהים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Ch 6:34 2 Ch 24:9 Ne 10:30 Dn 9:11. בית האלהים the house of God, Ju 18:31, especially late, Chr (52 times) Ec 4:17 Dn 1:2; בית י׳ הא׳ 1 Ch 22:1; האלהים (ברית) ארון the ark (of the covenant) of God Ju 20:27 1 S 4–5. 14, 2 S 6–7. 15 (23 times) 1 Ch 13. 15. 16, 2 Ch 1:4 (13 times); מטה האלהים the rod of God Ex 4:20; 17:9 (E); הר האלהים the mount of God (Horeb) Ex 3:1; 4:27; 18:5; 24:13 (E) 1 K 19:8 (Ephr.); מלאך האלהים the (theophanic) angel of God Gn 31:11 Ex 14:19 (E) Ju 6:20; 13:6, 9 2 S 14:17, 20; 19:28; in other combinations Ex 18:16 Nu 23:27 (E) Ju 20:2 1 S 4:8; 5:11; 10:5 2 S 16:23 1 K 12:22 1 Ch 21:7 + ψ 87:3 Ec 9:1. 4. אֱלֹהִים = God י׳ אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת = Yahweh is God in truth Je 10:10. a. אלהים (as subj. obj. direct or indirect) is used by P (50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by E (91 times), J chiefly in poetic sources Gn 3:1, 3, 5(×2); 9:27; 39:9 Dt 32:17, 39, by D (11 times) Ju (21 times) S (50 times) K (29 times) Chr (45 times); in ψ 42–86 (180 times often by editorial change for an original יהוה), elsewhere ψ 3:3; 5:11; 7:11, 12; 9:18; 10:4, 13; 14:1, 2, 5; 25:22; 36:2, 8; 77:14; 100:3; 108:2, 6, 8, 12(×2), 14 Jb 5:8; 20:29; 28:23; 32:2; 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Pr 2:5; 3:4; 25:2 Ec (7 times) Hos (5 times) Am 4:11 (כמהפכת אלהים את סדם as God overthrew Sodom = Je 50:40 = Is 13:19) Zc 8:23; 12:8 Mi 3:7 (but אליהם 𝔊 𝔖) Is 35:4 Is 2 (9 times) Je 10:10 Ez (13 times) Mal (5 times) Jon (4 times); the phrase היה ל׳ לאלהים Gn 28:21 (ER) 17:7, 8 Ex 6:7; 29:45 Lv 11:45; 22:33; 25:38; 26:12, 45 Nu 15:41 (P) Dt 26:17; 29:13 2 S 7:24 (= 1 Ch 17:22) Zc 8:8 Je (6 times) Ez (6 times); אלהים צדיק righteous God ψ 7:10; א׳ קדשים holy God Jos 24:19 (E); א׳ חיים living God Dt 5:23 1 S 17:26, 36 Je 10:10; 23:36; א׳ חי 2 K 19:4, 16 (= Is 37:4, 17). For the phrases יהוה א׳, י׳ א׳ צבאות, א׳ צבאות, אל א׳ י׳, יה א׳, י׳ צבאות א׳, י׳ אלהי צבאות, אדני א׳ vid. יהוה" dir="rtl" >יהוה, יָהּ" dir="rtl" >יה, צְבָאוֹת" dir="rtl" >צבאות & אדני. b. cstr. אֱלֹהֵי (α) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of J, Gn 26:24; 28:13; 31:53, Gn 31:42 (ε) Ex 3:6 ψ 47:10 1 K 18:36 1 Ch 29:18 2 Ch 30:6; א׳ אדני אברהם Gn 24:12, 27, 42, 48 (J); אלהי אב father’s God (various sf. & names), a phrase of E, Gn 31:5, 29, 42; 46:3; 50:17 Ex 3:6, 13, 15, 16; 15:2; 18:4 Jos 18:3, elsewhere Gn 32:10; 43:23 (J) Ex 4:5 (J?) Dt (8 times) Ju 2:12 2 K 21:22 Chr (31 times) Dn 11:37; אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel’s God, phrase of E, Gn 33:20 Ex 5:1; 24:10; 32:27 Jos 8:30; 14:14; 22:16; 24:2, 23, elsewhere Ex 34:23 Jos 7:13, 19, 20 (JE) Nu 16:9 Jos 9:18, 19; 22:24; 10:40, 42; 13:14, 33 (R vid. Di Jos 7:13) Ju 4:6; 5:3, 5; 6:8; 11:21, 23; 21:3 1 S 1:17 + (20 times) K (26 times) Chr (45 times) ψ 41:14; 106:48 (doxol.) 59:6; 69:7 Is 17:6; 21:10, 17; 29:23 Is 3; 24:15; 37:16, 21 Is 2; 41:17 + (6 times) Je 35:17 + (48 times), Ez 8:4 + (7 times) Zp 2:9 Mal 2:16 Ru 2:12; א׳ מערכות ישראל God of the battle array of Israel 1 S 17:45; א׳ יַעֲקֹב 2 S 23:1 (poet.) ψ 20:2; 46:8, 12; 75:10; 76:7; 81:2, 5; 84:9; 94:7 Is 2:3 (= Mi 4:2); א׳ העבריים God of the Hebrews Ex 3:18; 5:3; 7:16; 9:1, 13 (JE); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Gn 31:53 (E), Shem Gn 9:26 (J), David 2 K 20:5 2 Ch 21:12; 34:3 Is 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Ch 32:17, Elijah 2 K 2:14; א׳ אדני המלך the God of my lord the king 1 K 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, א׳ קֶדֶם ancient God Dt 33:27; א׳ עולם everlasting God Is 40:28; א׳ אֱמֶת true God 2 Ch 15:3; א׳ אָמֵן Is 65:16 (vid. אָמֵן); א׳ משפט Is 30:18 Mal 2:17; א׳ מרום Mi 6:6; א׳ כָל בָשָׂר God of all flesh Je 32:27; cf. א׳ הרוחת לכל בשר Nu 16:22; 27:16 (P); א׳ השמים God of heaven Gn 24:7 (JR) 2 Ch 36:23 Ezr 1:2 Ne 1:4, 5; 2:4, 20; cf. א׳ כל הארץ Is 54:5; י׳ א׳ השמים וא׳ הארץ Gn 24:3 (JR); א׳ מִקָּרֹב a God at hand opp. א׳ מֵרָחֹק Je 23:23, א׳ ישועתי, א׳ יִשְׁעִי God of my salvation ψ 18:47 (= 2 S 22:47) 24:5; 25:5; 27:9; 65:6; 79:9; 85:5 Is 17:10 Mi 7:7 Hb 3:18 1 Ch 16:35; א׳ ישועתי ψ 88:2; א׳ תשועתי ψ 51:16; א׳ צִדְקִי God of my righteousness ψ 4:2; א׳ חַסְדִּי ψ 59:11, 18; א׳ צוּרִי God who is my rock 2 S 22:3 (cf. ψ 18:3); א׳ מָעוּזִּי֯ God who is my stronghold ψ 43:2; א׳ תְהִלָּתִי God who is my praise ψ 109:1. c. with sf. in P (22 times incl. phr. ויראת מאלהיך) Lv 19:14, 32; 25:17, 36, 43 (H) Ex 8:21 Jos 24:27 (E) Dt 32:37 (poet.) Jos 9:23 (JE) Dt 10:21; 31:17 Ju 10:10; 16:23, 24 1 S 10:19 2 S 10:12; 22:32 + (4 times poet.) 1 K 12:28; 20:23 2 K 19:10 Chr (83 times) ψ (62 times) Pr 2:17; 30:9 Ru 1:15, 16(×2) Is 1:10; 7:13; 8:19, 21 Is 2 (29 times) Je 5:4, 5; 23:36; 51:5 Ez 34:31 Dn (5 times) Ho (12 times) Am 2:8; 4:12 Jo 1:13(×2), 16; 2:17 Mi 6:8; 7:7 Jon 1:5, 6 Zp 3:2 Na 1:14 Zc 9:7; 12:5; אלהים with sf. is also used with יהוה several hundred times (vid. יהוה).

θεός, ὁ, Boeotian dialect θιός, Laconian dialect σιός (see. below), Refs 5th c.AD+, Cretan dialect θιός Refs, Doric dialect also θεύς Refs 3rd c.BC+; vocative (only late) θεός, also θεέ LXX+NT; but classical in compound names, Ἀμφίθεε, Τιμόθεε:—God, the Deity, in general sense, both singular and plural (εἰ καὶ ἐπὶ θεοὺς καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐπὶ θεὸν ἁρμόζει μεταφέρειν Refs 8th c.BC+; σὺν θ. εἰρημένον Refs 5th c.BC+: so in plural, σύν γε θεοῖσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ θεῶν ἄτερ pi.Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑπὲρ θεόν against his will,Refs 4th c.BC+; θεῶν συνεθελόντων, βουλομένων, Refs 5th c.BC+bless you! good heavens! for heaven's sake! Refs 8th c.BC+: doubled in poets, θεὸν θεόν τις ἀγλαϊζέτω Refs 5th c.BC+; θεοί (Cretan dialect θιοί) as an opening formula in Inscrr. (i.e. τύχην ἀγαθὴν διδοῖεν), Refs.1, etc.: in Prose also with the Article, ὁ θ. πάντων ἂν εἴη αἴτιος Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θ., τὰ παρὰ τῶν θ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __b θεοί, opposed to ἄνδρες, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Refs 8th c.BC+; also in singular, θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν Refs 8th c.BC+, of an 'angel's visit', Refs 3rd c.BC+ __c of special divinities, νέρτεροι θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐνέρτεροι θ. Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ κάτωθεν θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ δώδεκα θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θ. Refs 4th c.BC+; in dual, τὼ σιώ (Laconian dialect), of Castor and Pollux, ναὶ τὼ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __d ὁ θ., of natural phenomena, ὁ θ. ὕει (i.e. Ζεύς) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔσεισεν ὁ θ. (i.e. Ποσειδῶν) Refs 5th c.BC+; of the sun, Refs 5th c.BC+; δύνοντος τοῦ θ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; the weather, τί δοκεῖ τὰ τοῦ θεο; Refs 4th c.BC+ __e Astrology texts, θεοί,= ἀστέρες, Refs 4th c.AD+ __f θεός (i.e. Ἥλιος), name of the 9th τόπος, Rhetor.Refs __2 metaphorically, of abstract things, τὸ δ᾽ εὐτυχεῖν τόδ᾽ ἐν βροτοῖς θεός τε καὶ θεοῦ πλέον Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ πλοῦτος τοῖς σοφοῖς θ. Refs; φθόνος κάκιστος θ. Refs __3 as title of rulers, θεῶν ἀδελφῶν (i.e. Ptolemy Il and Arsinoe), Refs 3rd c.BC+; Ἀντίοχος ὅτῳ θεὸς ἐπώνυμον γίγνεται Refs 2nd c.AD+; θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ, of Augustus, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3.b = Latin Divus, Refs 1st c.BC+; οἱ ἐν θεοῖς αὐτοκράτορες,= divi Imperatores, Refs __3.c generally of the dead, καὶ ζῶντός σου καὶ εἰς θεοὺς ἀπελθόντος Refs 3rd c.BC+; θεοῖς χθονίοις,= Latin Dis Manibus, Refs __4 one set in authority, judge, τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θ., ἐνώπιον τοῦ θ., LXX __II θεός feminine, goddess, μήτε θήλεια θεός, μήτε τις ἄρσην Refs 8th c.BC+; especially at Athens, of Athena, Decrees cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἁ Διὸς θεός, Ζηνὸς ἡ θ., Refs 5th c.BC+; of other goddesses, ποντία θεός Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ νερτέρα θ.,= Περσεφόνη, Refs 5th c.BC+; of Thetis, Refs 5th c.BC+; of Niobe, Refs 5th c.BC+: in dual, of Demeter and Persephone, τὰ τοῖν θεοῖν ψηφίσματα Refs 5th c.BC+ __III as adjective in comparative θεώτερος, divine, θύραι θ., opposed to καταιβαταὶ ἀνθρώποισιν, Refs 8th c.BC+; χορὸς θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ (κόσμῳ θέντες τὰ πρήγματα), by Refs 5th c.BC+ [In Epic dialect (twice in Refs 8th c.BC+, as monosyllable by synizesis, θεοί Refs 8th c.BC+

צָבָא485 n.m. 2 Ch 28:9 (poss. f. Is 40:2; Dn 8:12, but v. Albr ZAW xv (1895), 319; Bev Dn) army, war, warfare;—abs. צ׳ Nu 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zc 9:8 v. p. 663 a); cstr. צְבָא Nu 10:15 +; sf. צְבָאִי Jb 14:14; צְבָאֲךָ Ju 8:9; 9:29; צְבָאָיו ψ 103:21; 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read prob. in both), etc.; pl. צְבָאוֹת Nu 20:9 + 278 times; cstr. צִבְאוֹת Ex 12:41 + 2 times; sf. צִבְאֹתַי 7:4; צִבְאֹתָם 6:26 +, etc.;— 1. army, host: a. organized for war Ju 8:6; 9:29 (J) Is 34:2; Je 51:3; 2 Ch 28:9; צְבָאוֹ his host Nu 2:4, 6 + 10 times 2 (P), לְצִבְאֹתָם 1:3, 52; 2:3, 9 + 11 times 2, 10, 33:1 (P); אַלְפֵי הצ׳ 31:48 (P); צ׳ ישׂראל 2 Ch 25:7; חֵיל (ה)צ׳ 1 Ch 20:1; 2 Ch 26:13; גְּדוּדֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 7:4; כל־הצבא 2 S 3:23; 10:7; 1 Ch 19:8; 2 Ch 26:14; שַׂר (ה)צ׳ captain of (the) host Gn 21:22, 32 (E) 26:26 (J) Ju 4:2, 7; 1 S 12:9 + 21 times; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבא 1 K 1:25 (but read שַׂר), 1 Ch 25:1; 26:26; 2 Ch 33:11; שָׂרִים בצ׳ 1 Ch 12:22; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבאות Dt 20:9; 1 K 2:5; 1 Ch 27:3; רָאשֵׁי הצ׳ 1 Ch 12:14; מַלְכֵי צבאות ψ 68:13; עַל (ה)צ׳ over the host (as captain) Nu 10:14, 15 + 10 times Nu 10 (P), 2 S 8:16 = 1 Ch 18:15; 2 S 17:25; 1 K 2:35; 4:4; אל־כל הצ׳ 2 S 20:23 (אל for על); עַל־צִבְאֹתָם Ex 6:26; 12:51 (P); הוציא צבאות lead out armies Ex 7:4; 12:17 (P); יצא צ׳ army goes forth (to war) Ex 12:41; 1 Ch 7:11; לֹא תֵצֵא בְּצִבְאוֹתֵינוּ ψ 44:10, of י׳ going with our armies = 60:12 = 108:12; fig. of great number, צבא רב 68:12.—On חֲלִיפוֹת וְצָבָא Jb 10:17 v. Di; Bu proposes תַּחֲלֵף צְבָאֲ(ךָ) i.e. thou dost renew (thine) army against me. b. host (organized body) of angels (cf. Lu 2:13), צבא השׁמים (כל) all the host of heaven 1 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 18:18; Ne 9:6; כל צבאיו ψ 103:21; 148:2; צבא הַמָּרוֹם Is 24:21 host of the high (angel-princes; ‖ earthly monarchs); צבא השׁמים Dn 8:10, הצבא v 10 (al. vb fig. of Israel); שׂר צ׳ י׳ captain of the host of י׳ Jos 5:14, 15 (theophanic angel); שׂר הצבא Dn 8:11 (angel-prince of Israel, others, God). c. of sun, moon and stars, כל צבא השׁמים Dt 4:19; 17:3; 2 K 17:16; 21:3, 5 = 2 Ch 33:3, 5; 2 K 23:4, 5 Je 8:2; 19:13 (all as objects of worship), Is 34:4; צ׳ השׁמים Je 33:22; Zp 1:5; כל צבאם Ne 9:6 ψ 33:6; Is 34:4; 45:12; צבאם Is 40:26.—Je 3:19 v. i. צְבִי" dir="rtl" >צְבִי. d. of the entire creation, כל צבאם Gn 2:1. 2. war, warfare, service: יָצָא צָבָא go out to war Nu 1:3, 20 + 12 times Nu 1, 26:2 (P) 1 Ch 5:18; 7:11; 12:33, 36; 2 Ch 25:5; 26:11; יצא בצ׳ Nu 31:36 (P) Dt 24:5; יצא לצ׳ Nu 31:27, 28 (P); עלה לצ׳ go up to war Jos 22:12, 33 (P); בא מצ׳ come from war Nu 31:14; 2 Ch 28:12; קבץ לצ׳ 1 S 28:1; שׁלח לצ׳ Nu 31:4, 6(×2) (P); התיחשׂם בּצ׳ 1 Ch 7:40; צ׳ תִנָּתֵן Dn 8:12; אַנְשֵׁי (ה)צ׳ men of war Nu 31:21, 53 (P) 1 Ch 12:9, cf. עַם הצ׳ Nu 31:32 (P); v. also חָלַץ²" dir="rtl" >II. חלץ; גִבּוֹרֵי חַיִל לצ׳ 1 Ch 12:25; כְּלֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 12:37 instruments of war. 3. service: a. of Levites in sacred places Nu 4:3, 23, 30, 35, 39, 43; 8:24, 25; קֹדֶשׁ וְצָבָא Dn 8:13 (al. as v 11, 1 b). b. of hard service of troubled life Jb 7:1; 14:14; Is 40:2 Dn 10:1. 4. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older), explained יהוה צבאות אֱלֹהֵי מערכות ישׂראל 1 S 17:45 י׳ Sebaoth God of the battle array of Israel (the thought of angels and stars as army of God is later); a. earliest form c. art.: י׳ אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת Am 3:13; 6:14; 9:5 (אֱלֹהֵי om. by error, cf. We), Ho 12:6. b. without art., definite by usage, י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת 2 S 5:10; Am 5:14, 15, 16; 6:8; 1 K 19:10, 14; Je 5:14; 15:16 ψ 89:9; י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Je 35:17; 38:17; 44:7; 2 S 7:27 = 1 Ch 17:24; Is 21:10; 37:16; 1st אֱלֹהֵי om. Je 7:3, 21 + 30 times Je; Zp 2:9; י׳ אלהים צ׳ אלהי ישׂראל ψ 59:6 (אלהים variant of י׳); י׳ א׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ, י׳ God of hosts his name Am 4:13; 5:27, later reduced to י׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ Is 47:4; 48:2; 51:15; 54:5; Je 10:16; 31:35 + 6 times Je. c. as n.pr. Sebaoth: י׳ צבאות, י׳ Sebaoth (Lord of hosts, Vrss, owing to Qr אֲדֹנָי, but this never cstr. אֲדֹנֵי; al. י׳ of hosts, but י׳ is n.pr.; צ׳ for earlier אלהי צ׳; cf. Σαβαωθ Ja 5:4; Rom 9:29): 1 S 1:3, 11; 4:4; 15:2; 17:45; 2 S 6:2, 18; 7:8, 26; 1 K 18:15; 2 K 3:14; 19:31; 1 Ch 11:9; 17:7 ψ 24:10 + 6 times ψψ, Mi 4:4; Na 2:14; 3:5 Hb 2:13; Zp 2:10; Is 1:9; 2:12; 5:7, 9, 16, 24 + 35 times Is 6–39; Is 2 only 44:6; 45:13; Je 6:6, 9; 8:3; 9:6, 16 + 26 times Je, Hg 1:2, 5 + 12 times Hg, Zc 1:3(×3), 4 + 40 times Zc 1–8; 9:15 + 8 times 10–14, Mal 1:4, 6, 8 + 21 times Mal; האדון י׳ צ׳ Is 1:24 + 4 times Is (incl. 10:16 Baer Gi > van d. H. אֲדֹנָי for י׳); אֲדֹנָי י׳ צ׳ 3:15 + (on these phr. v. אָדוֹן 1, 6); אלהים צ׳ (א׳ later Qr for orig. י׳) ψ 80:8, 15; י׳ אלהים צ׳ (earlier י׳ + later [inserted] א׳) ψ 80:5, 20; 84:9.—cf. Driver Hastings DB (1900), Lord of Hosts and reff., Löhr Amos (Belhefte zur ZAW iv (1900), 38–67).

II. אֵל n.m. (also, in n.pr. אֶל, אֱלִי; Sam. אל, Ph. אל, אלן (i.e. prob. אֵלֹן), Sab. אל, DHM Or. Congr. Leiden, 1883, As. ilu, DlW; perhaps also Arabic, Aramaic. cf. Nöl.c.; on goddess אלת Ph. Palm. Nab. Sab. (also אלהת) DHMl.c., Arabic إِلَاهَة) (pl. إِلَاهَات) FlKl.Schr. i. 154, Assyrian Allatu Jr 66, Syriac ܐܰܠܳܗܳܬܳܐ,, cf. also BaeRel 58, 90, 97, 271, 297) god, but with various subordinate applications to express idea of might;—hardly ever in prose except with defining word (adj. or gen.); its only suff. is ִי;— †1. applied to men of might and rank, אֵל גוים mighty one of the nations Ez 31:11 (of Neb.; 𝔊 ἂρχων ἒθνων, איל some mss. Co); אֵלִים mighty men Jb 41:17 (אילים, many mss. Di); אֵלֵי גִבּוֹרִים mighty heroes Ez 32:21 (אֵילֵי mss. Co); אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ Ez 17:13 2 K 24:15 (Kt אולי); אֵילִים Ex 15:15 (prob. pl. of iii. אַיִל, q.v.) These readings are uncertain because of an effort to distinguish these forms from the divine name. אֵל גִּבּוֹר mighty hero (as above) or divine hero (as reflecting the divine majesty) Is 9:5. †2. angels, בְּנֵי אֵלִים ψ 29:1; 89:7 = בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים. 3. gods of the nations, אֵל אֵלִים God of gods, supreme God Dn 11:36; מִי כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִם who is like thee among the gods Ex 15:11; idols Is 43:10; 44:10, 15, 17; 46:6; מי אל בשמים what God in heaven Dt 3:24; אִל אחר another god Ex 34:14 (J); אֵל זר foreign god ψ 44:21; 81:10; אל נכר Dt 32:12 Mal 2:11 ψ 81:10. †4. Ēl n.pr. אל ברית Ēl Berith Ju 9:46 (= בעל ברית Ju 8:33; 9:4); בְּאֵר אֵלִים s. p. 91 b †5. as characterizing mighty things in nature, הררי אל mighty mountains ψ 36:7 (lit. mountains of Ēl); also ψ 50:10 Ol Bi Che v. sub אֶ֫לֶף²" dir="rtl" >II. אלף; ארוי אל mighty cedars ψ 80:11; כוכבי אל lofty stars Is 14:13. 6. God217, the one only and true God of Israel: (a) הָאֵל the God, the true God Gn 31:13; 35:1, 3; 46:3 (E) 2 S 22:31, 33, 48 (= ψ 18:31, 33, 48) ψ 68:20, 21; 77:15; הָאֵל הַנֶּאֱמָן the faithful God Dt 7:9; האל הגדול the great God Dt 10:17 = Je 32:18 Dn 9:4 Ne 1:5; 9:32; האל הקדשׁ the holy God Is 5:16; האל יהוה the God Yahweh Is 42:5 ψ 85:9. †(b) אֵלִי my God Ex 15:2 (poet.) ψ 18:3; 22:2(×2), 11; 63:2; 68:25; 89:27; 102:25; 118:28; 140:7; Is 44:17. (c) cstr. אל בית אל the God of Bethel, who had his seat there Gn 35:7 (E); אל אביך God of thy father Gn 49:25 (poet.); אל ישראל ψ 68:36; אל יעקב ψ 146:5; אל השמים the God of heaven ψ 136:26; אל סלעי the God who is my rock ψ 42:10; אל שמחת גילי the God who is the joy of my exultation ψ 43:4; אֵל רֳאִי the God who lets himself be seen Gn 16:13 (J); אל הכבוד the God of glory ψ 29:3; אל דעות the all-knowing God 1 S 2:3 (poet.); אֵל עוֹלָם the everlasting God Gn 21:33 (J); אל ישועתי Is 12:2; אל חַיָּי֑ ψ 42:9; אל אמת ψ 31:6 = אל אֱמוּנָה Dt 32:4 (poet.); אל נקמות ψ 94:1(×2) אל גְּמֻלוֹת Je 51:56. (d) אל אֶחָד one God Mal 2:10; אל גדול a great God Dt 7:21 ψ 77:14; 95:3; אל מסתתר a God hiding himself Is 45:15; אל רחום a compassionate God Ex 34:6 (J) Dt 4:31 ψ 86:15; אל נשא a forgiving God ψ 99:8; אל חַנּוּן a gracious God Ne 9:31 Jon 4:2; אל קנא a jealous God Ex 20:5; 34:14 (J) Dt 4:24; 5:9; 6:15 Jos 24:19 (D) = אל קנוא Na 1:2; אֵל חי a living God Jos 3:10 (J) Ho 2:1 ψ 42:3; 84:3; אל צדיק Is 45:21; לא אֵל חפץ רשע ψ 5:5; לא אֵל Dt 32:21 (poet.) Is 31:3 Ez 28:2, 9; מי אל כמוךָ Mi 7:18 (cf. Ex 15:11). (e) God (the only true God, needing no article or predicate to define him) Nu 12:13 (E read אַל Di) always in poetry, Jb 5:8 + (55 times Jb), ψ 7:12; 10:11, 12; 16:1; 17:6; 19:2; 52:3, 7; 55:20; 57:3; 73:11, 17; 74:8; 77:10; 78:7, 8, 18, 19, 34, 41; 82:1; 83:2; 90:2; 104:21; 106:14, 21; 107:11; 118:27; 139:17, 23; 149:6; 150:1 Is 40:18; 43:12; 45:14, 20; 46:9 La 3:41 Ho 11:9; 12:1 Mal 1:9; עִמָּנוּאל God is with us, as name of child in prediction Is 7:14 cf. 8:8, 10.(f) Ēl, a divine name אל אלהי ישראל Gn 33:20 (E); אל אלהי הרוחת Nu 16:22 (P = יהוה אלהי חרוחת Nu 27:16); אל אלהים יהוה Jos 22:22 (P) ψ 50:1. This is probable also in the ancient poems, Nu 23:8, 19, 22, 23; 24:4, 8, 16, 23 (poet. Balaam ‖ שדּי & עליון) Dt 32:18; 33:26 (poet.) Moses ‖ צוּר & אֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם) 2 S 22:32; 23:5 (poet. David ‖ צוּר) and in the combinations אל עליון (5 times; vid. עלאיון) & אל שדּי (10 times; vid. שַׁדַּי). †7. אֵל strength, power (on connection with I. אָלָה cf. Di Gn 1:1; 31:29) in יֶשׁ־לְאֵל יָדִי it is according to the power of my hand = it is in my power, etc. Gn 31:29 (E; sq. לְ + Inf.); בִּהְיוֹת לְאֵל יָדְ֯יךָ Pr 3:27 (sq. id.); יֶשׁ־לְאֵל יָדָם Mi 2:1 (abs.); neg. וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶ֑ךָ Dt 28:32 (abs.) = thou shalt be powerless, so Ne 5:5.* v. also BrockZAW xxvi (1906), 29 ff. (meaning ‘might’ very dub.: renders belongs to the god of (my) hand, supposing phrase a survival, with orig. meaning forgotten, of ancient idea, found also among other nations, of spirits conferring powers upon particular members of body).

מַלְאָךְ214 n.m. messenger;—מ׳ Ex 23:20 + 48 times; cstr. מַלְאַךְ Gn 16:7 + 69 times; sfs. מַלְאָכִי Ex 23:23 + 3 times; מַלְאָכוֹ Gn 24:7, 40; pl. מַלְאָכִים Gn 32:4 + 63 times + מלאכים 2 S 11:1 Kt (מלכים); cstr. מַלְאֲכֵי Gn 28:12 + 11 times; מַלְאָכֶיךָ Nu 24:12, 2 K 19:23; מַלְאָכֵכֵה Na 2:14 error for מַלְאָכֵכִי = מַלְאָכַיְכִי Ges§ 91, (2), Anm. 2 or מַלְאָכֵךְ by dittogr. from foll. הוֹי Kö ii. 1.S 571). מַלְאָכָיו 2 Ch 36:15 + 8 times;— 1. messenger, a. one sent with a message Gn 32:4 + 8 times JE; Dt 2:26, (not in P); Ju 6:35 + 8 times; 1 S 6:21 + 51 times S K, 1 Ch 14:1; 19:2, 16 2 Ch 18:12; 35:21; Ne 6:3; Jb 1:14; Pr 13:17; 17:11; Is 14:32; 18:2; 30:4; 37:9, 14; Je 27:3; Ez 17:15; 23:16, 40; 30:9; Na 2:14; מלאכי שׁלום, messengers of peace Is 33:7. b. a prophet Is 42:19; 44:26; 2 Ch 36:15, 16; Hg 1:13; the herald of the advent מלאכי Mal 3:1. c. priest Mal 2:7, prob. Ec. 5:5 (RV angel). d. ‖ מֵלִיץ Jb 33:23, a messenger from God acting as an interpreter and declaring what is right (angel of RV too specific). e. fig. מ׳ רָעִים messengers of evil ψ 78:49; מ׳ מות messengers of death Pr 16:14; ‖ רוחות winds his messengers ψ 104:4. 2. angel, as messenger of God, מלאכים with God in theophanies Gn 19:1, 15; 28:12; 32:2 (JE), praising him; ψ 103:20; 148:2; in his sight not without error Jb 4:18 charged with the care of the pious ψ 91:11; elsewhere sg. sent to a prophet 1 K 13:18; 19:5, 7; 2 K 1:3, 15; Zc 1:9 + 18 times in Zc 1–6; excellent, wise, powerful 1 S 29:9 2 S 14:17, 20; 19:28 Zc 12:8; encamping about the faithful ψ 34:8; chasing his enemies ψ 35:5, 6; destroying by judgment of Yahweh 2 S 24:16, 17 = 1 Ch 21:12–30; 2 K 19:35 = Is 37:36 = 2 Ch 32:21. †3. the theophanic angel (ה)אלהים מ׳ in the story of E: Gn 21:17; 31:11 Ex 14:19, also in Ju 6:20; 13:6, 9; מ׳ יהוה in the story of J: Gn 16:7, 9, 10, 11; 22:11, 15; Ex 3:2 Nu 22:22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 34, 35 and in Ju 2:1, 4; 5:23; 6:11, 12, 21(×2), 22(×2); 13:3, 13, 15, 16(×2), 17, 18, 20(×2), 21; הַמַּלְאָךְ Gn 48:16 (E); מַלְאָךְ Ex 23:20 (E), 33:2; Nu 20:16 (JE), Ho 12:5; מַלְאָכִי Ex 23:23 (E), 32:34 (J); מַלְאָכוֹ Gn 24:7, 40 (J), מ׳ פניו Is 63:9 (referring to the ancient מלאך); מ׳ הברית Mal 3:1 (referring to the advent of י׳ for judgment, see Br MP 473). The theophanic angel is not mentioned in D and P.

ἄγγελος, ὁ, ἡ, messenger, envoy, Refs 8th c.BC+ — proverbial, Ἀράβιος ἄ., of a loquacious person, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 generally, one that announces or tells, e.g. of birds of augury, Refs 8th c.BC+; Μουσῶν ἄγγελος, of a poet, Refs 6th c.BC+; ἄ. ἄφθογγος, of a beacon, Refs 6th c.BC+; of the nightingale, ὄρνις.. Διὸς ἄ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 angel, LXX+NT+1st c.AD+ __4 in later philosophical, semi-divine being, ἡλιακοὶ ἄ.Refs 4th c.AD+ in R.2.243 K.; ἄ. καὶ ἀρχάγγελοιRefs 5th c.AD+: also in mystical and magical writings, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II title of Artemis at Syracuse, Refs 5th c.AD+

אֱלָהּ94 n.m. god, God (= BH אֱלֹהַּ (p. 43), v. also √ I. אלה p. 41);—א׳ abs. Dn 2:28 +, cstr. v 18 +; emph. אֱלָהָא v 20 +; sf. אֱלָהִי 6:23, -הָךְ Ezr 9:14 +, -הֵהּ Dn 6:6 +, -הֲהֹם Ezr 5:5; 7:16, -הֲהוֹן Dn 3:28(×2), 29, -הֲכֹם Ezr 7:17, etc.; pl. abs. אֱלָהִין Dn 2:11 +, emph. -הַיָּא Je 10:11, cstr. -הֵי Dn 5:4, 23, sf. -הַי 3:14, etc. [c. pref. לֵאלָהָא Dn 5:23, לֵאלָהָ֯יךְ 3:14, etc.; but not in sg. abs. or cstr., e.g. לֶאֱלָהּ Ezr 5:12, etc.];— 1. god, in gen. Dn 6:8, 13; heathen deities Je 10:11 Dn 2:11; 3:15 + 15 times Dn (made of gold, etc. 5:4, 23), + בַּר־אֱלָהִין 3:25 (v. בַּר). 2. 73 God (of Isr.), Dn 2:28 Ezr 5:2 +; phr. אֱלָהּ יִשׂ׳ Ezr 5:1; 6:14; 7:15; א׳ יְרוּשְׁלֵם 7:19; א׳ אֲבָהָתַי Dn 2:23; א׳ שְׁמַיָּא Ezr 5:11 (+ וְאַרְעָא), v 12 6:9, 10 Dn 2:18, 19 + 6 times (v. שְׁמַיִם 2 a); א׳ רַב Dn 2:45; א׳ אֱלָהִין v 47; אֱלָהָא עִלָּיָא 3:26, 32; 5:18, 21; א׳ הַיָּא 6:21, 27; also בֵּית אֱלָהָא 5:3 Ezr 4:24; 5:2 + 16 times Ezr; עֲבִידַת א׳ Ezr 6:18.

† I. כְּרוּב n.pr.loc. in Babylonia Esr 2:59; Neh 7:61.

δαιμόνιον, τό, divine Power, Divinity, Refs 5th c.BC+; φοβεῖσθαι μή τι δ. πράγματ᾽ ἐλαύνῃ some fatality, Refs; τὰ τοῦ δ. the favours of forlune, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II inferior divine being, μεταξὺ θεοῦ τε καὶ θνητοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; applied to the 'genius' of Socrates, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 evil spirit, δ. φαῦλα NT+3rd c.BC+

אֱלֹהַּ57 so Dt 32:17; לֶאֱלֹהַּ Dn 11:38 (vid. BD) sf. לֵאלֹהוֹ Hb 1:11; elsewhere אֱלוֹהַּ n.m. god, God. (Sam. id., Aramaic אֱלָהּ, ܐܰܠܳܗܳܐ,, Arabic إِلٰهٌ, Sab. אלה DHMl.c.;—אֱלֹהַּ as found in Heb. prob. a sg. formed by inference from pl. אֱלֹהִים: cf. Nesl.c.)— 1. a heathen god, late usage; כָּל־אֱלוֹהַּ 2 Ch. 32:15 Dn 11:37; זוּ כחו לאלהו whose power is his god Hb 1:11 2 K 17:31 (but Qr אֱלֹהֵי), אשר הביא אֱלוֹהַּ בְּיָדוֹ who doth bring God in his hand Jb 12:6 (Ew Di RVm, etc.) 2. God, used in ancient poems Dt 32:15, 17 ψ 18:32, and on their basis an archaism in later poetry Jb 3:4 + (41 times Jb), ψ 50:22; 114:7; 139:19 Pr 30:5 Is 44:8 Hb 3:3 Ne 9:17 (citing Ex 34:6 where אֵל is used).

† אֲשֵׁרָה, אֲשֵׁירָה 2 K 17:16 n.pr.f. Ashera (Assyrian n.pr.f. Aš-ra-tu, c. sign for deity, in Canaanitish n.pr. Abad-Ašratum, servant of A. SchrZA 1888, 363, cf. Wkl & AbelThontafelfund v. El Amarna ii. No. 77, 1. 9, & SayceRP2. ii. 67, iii. 71; on deriv. cf. Assyrian aširat, adj. fem. gracious, COTGloss) see now also GFMEB Asherah Dr Dt 16:21 AllenDB Asherah, all doubtful as to Can. goddess Asherah; question left open by ZimKAT3. 436 ff. (on Sem. goddess Aširtu-Ašratu Id. ib. 432 ff.); but v. JeremAT1 im Licht d. Alten Orients 207 (name of goddess Aširat in letter found at Taanach by Sellin (1902–3) and Id. ib. 37. 237) (Oppenheim’s find at Ras el-’Ain in Mesop., stone shaft with veiled head as top, supposed to identify post with goddess; if 2 K 23:7 refers to draped Asherim [v. on text Benz Bur], this even more plausible), Id. ib. 23, 208 f., 286. On pictorial representations of Asherah-symbol v. WHWardAJSL xix. 1 (Oct. 1902).:—usually with the art.: prob. a. a Canaanitish goddess of fortune & happiness; having prophets 1 K 18:19, an image 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16 2 K 21:7, sacred vessels 2 K 23:4, houses v 7. b. a symbol of this goddess, a sacred tree or pole set up near an altar 1 K 16:33 2 K 13:6; 17:16; 18:4; 21:3; 23:6, 15; prohibited Dt 16:21; burnt by Gideon Ju 6:25, 26, 28, 30. Pl. אֲשֵׁרוֹת a. the goddess Ju 3:7 (prob. error for עַשְׁתָּרֹת 𝔙). b. sacred trees or poles 2 Ch 19:3; 33:3; elsewhere אֲשֵׁרִים id. Is 27:9 + 12 times; sf. Mi 5:13 + 5 times;—Ex 34:13 (J) Dt 7:5; 12:3 Is 17:8; 27:9 Je 17:2 Mi 5:13 1 K 14:15, 23 2 K 17:10, 23:14 2 Ch 14:2; 17:6; 24:18; 31:1; 33:19; 34:3, 4, 7.—(Cf. also StaZAW 1881, 344 f. RSSem i. 171 f., 175n. WeH 235, who think א׳ only the sacred pole.)

† II. עֶלְיוֹן n.m. Highest, Most High (prob. = foreg.);— 1. name of God Nu 24:16; Dt 32:8 ψ 18:14 = 2 S 22:14 ψ 9:3; 21:8; 46:5; 50:14; 73:11; 77:11; 78:17; 83:19; 87:5; 91:1, 9; 92:2; 107:11; Is 14:14; La 3:35, 38; with other divine names: אל עליון Gn 14:18, 19, 20, 22 (v. Di) ψ 78:35; יהוה עליון ψ 7:18; 47:3; אלהים עליון ψ 57:3; 78:56. 2. of rulers, either monarchs or angel-princes, בְּנֵי עֶלְיוֹן = אלהים ψ 82:6.

πνευμᾰτ-ικός, ή, όν, of wind or air, κινήσεις Refs 4th c.BC+; π. [ὄργανον] a machine moved by wind, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 of the nature of wind or air, τὰ π. Refs 4th c.BC+; π. ξηρότης, i. e. a dry vapour, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2.b of subtle substance, τὸ π. Refs 1st c.BC+; οὐσία, opposed to ὑγρά, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 inflated, distended with air, ὑστέραι Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 active (= πνευματώδης Refs, causing flatulence, οἶνος Refs 3rd c.BC+. adverb -κῶς by flatulence, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5 breathing, exhaling, εὐοσμία Refs 4th c.BC+ __II of the breath or breathing, τὸ π. μόριον, ὁ π. τόπος, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III of spirit, spiritual, interpolated in Refs 1st c.AD+; opposed to σαρκικός, ψυχικός, NT adverb -κῶςRefs __IV οἱ Π. a school of physicians who referred all questions of health to pneumatic agencies, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V conveying πνεῦμα, κοιλία, of the left ventricle of the heart (opposed to αἱματική), Refs 3rd c.BC+ __VI Rhet., adverb -κῶς in one breath (compare πνεῦμα VI), ἀποτείνεσθαι Refs 2nd c.AD+

I. עֶלְיוֹן22 adj. 1. high;—ms. ע׳ Dt 26:19; 28:1; 1 K 9:8 (? reading הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה הָע׳ as 𝔊L Benz) = 2 Ch 7:21, of י׳ ψ 97:9. 2. upper Bethhoron, ע׳ Jos 16:5 העליון 1 Ch 7:24; 2 Ch 8:5, the upper (opp. lower), of house Ne 3:25; cf. 2 K 15:35; 2 Ch 23:20 + 5 times, + Gn 40:17 (uppermost basket); fs. הָעֶלְיוֹנָה the upper pool 2 K 18:17 = Is 36:2; Is 7:3; the highest side-chamber (צֵלָע) Ez 41:7; fpl. הָעֶלְיוֹנֹת 42:5 the upper chambers (לְשָׁכוֹת). 3. of Davidic king exalted above monarchs ψ 89:28 (cf. Dt 28:1, supr.).

† [עִלָּי K§ 59 1) e)] adj. highest;—always emph. עליא Kt, עִלָּאָה Qr, the Most High God: אֱלָהָא ע׳ Dn 3:26, 32; 5:18, 21; ע׳ alone, the Most High, 4:14, 21, 22, 29, 31; 7:25 (cf. Nab. n.pr. עליאל Lzb 341 SAC 91).

δαιμον-ίζομαι, middle, ={δαιμονάω}, ἄλλος κατ᾽ ἄλλην δαιμονίζεται τύχην each one hath his own fate appointed, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II as passive, to be deified, Refs 5th c.BC+; active in Refs 5th c.AD+ __III to be possessed by a demon or evil spirit, NT+1st c.AD+

ὕψιστος, η, ον, superlative without any Posit. in use: (ὕψι, ὑψοῦ):— highest, loftiest, of places, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν τοῖς ὑ., i. e. in heaven above, NT __2 of Zeus, highest, Refs 5th c.BC+ from his temple there, LXX+2nd c.BC+ __3 of things, στέφανος, κέρδος, Refs 5th c.BC+

† דָּגוֹן n.pr.m. 1 S 5:4 god & idol of Philistines (cf. Assyrian Dagan, Dakan, name perhaps non-Shemitic COT Ju 16:23 DlPa 139 SayceRel. Bab. 188 f. but v. Jen infr.)—god of Ashdod, except Ju 16:23 (Gaza) & 1 Ch 10:10 (but cf. infr.);—דגון אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Ju 16:23 cf. דגון אֱלֹהֵינוּ 1 S 5:7, בֵּית ד׳ 1 S 5:2, 5 1 Ch 10:10 (here hardly orig. cf. ‖ 1 S 31:10 & We Dr); כֹּהֲנֵי ד׳ 1 S 5:5, מִפְתַּן ד׳ v 5; as name of image ד׳ (אֵצֶל) v 2, 3, 4, דגון נֹפֵל v 3, 4, רַק ד׳ נִשְׁאַר עָלָיו v 4 (but sense difficult; We proposes דָּגוֹ only his fish, i.e. fishy part, was left upon him, v. also Dr;—but was Dagon a fish-god? Cf. works cited above & Scholz Götzendienst 238 ff., Baud in PRE2 iii. 460 ff., especially JenKosmol. 449 ff.). Vid. בֵּית דָּגוֹן p. 111.

† כְּמוֹשׁ n.pr.div. Chemosh (כמש MI3, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 32, 33 also עשתר כמש l 17 and n.pr.m. כמשמלך l 1; Assyrian Kammusunadbi, a king of Moab Schr.COT i, 281; = KAT2, 288; cf. further BaeRel. 13 f. 238, 256 NöZMG 1888, 471; 𝔊 Χαμώς);—god of the Moabites to whom Solomon erected a high place 1 K 11:7, 33; 2 K 23:13; Je 48:7 (Kt כמישׁ), v 13. Moab is עַם־כ׳ Nu 21:29 (ode) people of Chemosh, and Moabites his sons and daughters, cf. Je 48:46. He is said to be also the God of the Ammonites Ju 11:25 (probably an error BaeRel. 15 GFM).

† מֹ֫לֶךְ n.pr.div. Molech (𝔊 Μολοχ, 𝔙 Moloch) ( = מֶלֶךְ i.e. (divine) King, with vowels of בֹּשֶׁת to denote abhorrence, HoffmZAW iii. 1883, 124 RSSem i. 353; 2nd ed. 372; cf. Hoffm GGAbh. xxxvi. 1890 (May, 1889), 25; Ph. n. pr. div. מלך Milk, in n.pr. cf. Bloch, Dr Dt 222 f.);—c. art. הַמּ׳:—the god to whom Isr. sacrif. children with fire (in valley of Hinnom); העביר בָּאֵשׁ לַמּ׳ 2 K 23:10; העביר לַמּ׳ Je 32:35 (‖ הַבַּעַל), Lv 18:21 (H); נתן לַמּ׳ Lv 20:2, 3, 4 (H); more gen. לִזְנוֹת אַחֲרֵי הַמּ׳ v 5 (H). In 1 K 11:7 read prob. מִלְכֹּם, q.v.

Βεελζεβούλ (WH, App., 159, Rec., βεελζεβούλ), ὁ, indecl. (Heb. בַּעַל, lord, and the Talmudic זִבּוּל, from זֶבֶל, dung (Dalman, Gr., 137.n), or perh. זִבֻל, habitation, but, see DB, iv, 409f.; DCG, i, 181). The AV, RV, Beelzebub, comes through Vg. from 4Ki.1:2, בַּעַל זִבוּב, lord of flies (LXX, βάαλ μυῖα, Sm., βεελζεβούβ), Beelzebul, Beelzebub, a name of Satan: Mat.10:25 12:24, 27 Mrk.3:22, Luk.11:15, 18 19.† (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

† II. צִיר n.m. Pr 25:13 envoy, messenger;—צ׳ abs. Je 49:14 +, cstr. Pr 13:17; pl. צִירִים Is 18:2; sf. צִרַיִךְ 57:9;—envoy, from Cush Is 18:2, from apostate Isr. 57:9; from י׳ Je 49:14 = Ob 1; messenger in gen. צִיר אֱמוּנִים Pr 13:17, צ׳ נֶאֱמָן 25:13.—i. צִיר v. IV. צור.

Ἄρτεμις, ἡ, genitive ιδος, also ιτος, dative ιτι Refs 2nd c.BC+, etc.: accusative ιν, also ιδα Refs: Doric dialect Ἄρταμις, ιτος (or ιδος as in Boeotian dialect Inscrr. Refs 1st c.BC+ ={Εἰλειθυῖαι}, Refs:—Artemis, Refs 8th c.BC+

† מִלְכֹּם n.pr.div. Milcom, god of Ammonites (cf. RSSem i. 67)—מ׳ שִׁקֻּץ עַמֹּנִים 1 K 11:5 (‖ עַשְׁתֹּרֶת); cf. מ׳ אֱלֹהֵי בְנֵי עַמּוֹן v 33 (‖ ע׳ + כְּמוֹשׁ), so read also (for MT מֹלָךְ v 7 (‖ כְּמוֹשׁ); מ׳ תּוֹעֲבַת בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן 2 K 23:13 (‖ as 1 K 11:33); id. מִלְכֹּם also for מַלְכָּם Je 49:1, 3 (𝔊 Μελχολ, Μελχομ), cf. Gie, and Zp 1:5 (𝔖 𝔙, cf. Now), prob. 2 S 12:30 = 1 Ch 20:2 (v. מֶלֶךְ 5 d), and perhaps Am 1:15 (whence Je 49:3; cf. Dr Now;—not We GASm).

‡ † [עֶלְיוֹן] adj.id.(BH id.);—pl. of God, קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין (double pl., Buhl, as sometimes BH, Ges§ 124 q Köii. 1. 438 f) Dn 7:18, 22, 25, 27.

θεῖος, α, ον: __Alate Epic dialect θέειος Refs 5th c.AD+; θεήϊος Refs 2nd c.BC+; late Aeolic dialect θήϊος Refs; Laconian dialect σεῖος (see. below 1.3): comparative and superlative θειότερος, -ότατος, frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+: (θεός): __1 of or from the gods, divine, γένος Refs 8th c.BC+; ὌνειροςRefs 5th c.BC+, of a dust-storm, Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. τινὶ μοίρᾳ by divine intervention, Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. κἀπόνῳ τύχῃ, of an easy death, Refs 5th c.BC+; φύσις θ. NT; appointed of God, βασιλῆες Refs 8th c.BC+; σκῆπτρον given by God, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 belonging or sacred to a god, holy, ἀγών, χορός, Refs 8th c.BC+; under divine protection, πύργος, δόμος, Refs 8th c.BC+; of heralds and bards, Refs 8th c.BC+; so perhaps, of kings,Refs __3 morethan human, of heroes, Ὀδυσσεύς Refs 8th c.BC+; ὦ θεῖε (in the mouth of a Spartan) Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b of things, excellent, θεῖον ποτόν Refs 8th c.BC+; θ. πρήγματα marvellous things, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 = Latin divinus (or sacer), Refs 2nd c.AD+; θ. ὅρκος oath by the Emperor, Refs 4th c.AD+; θειότατος, of living Emperors, Refs 1st c.BC+ __4.b = Latin divus, of deified Emperors, θ. Σεβαστός Edict.Claud. cited in Refs 1st c.AD+ __II as substantive, θεῖον, τό, the Divinity, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡμαρτηκότα εἰς τὸ θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 in an abstract sense, divinity, κεκοινώνηκε.. τοῦ θ. Refs; ἢ μόνον μετέχει τοῦ θ..., ἢ μάλιστα [ἄνθρωπος] Refs 4th c.BC+; κατὰ θεῖον or κατά τι θ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 θεῖα, τά, the acts of the gods, course of providence, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b matters of religion, ἔρρει τὰ θ. religion is no more, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.c inquiries concerning the divine, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ φανερὰ τῶν θείων, i.e. the heavenly bodies, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III adverb θείως by divine providence, θ. πως Refs 5th c.BC+; θειοτέρως by special providence, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 divinely, excellently, εὖ γε καὶ θ. Refs 5th c.BC+

† עַשְׁתֹּ֫רֶת n.pr.deae. ʿAštōreth, ʿAštart, ʿAštéreth (v. infr.) (MI17 עשתר כמש; Ph. עשתרת (+ often in n. pr.), n. pr. עבד עשתר Cook Acad. Jan. 18, 1896 Sab. n. pr. dei עתֿתר v. especially OsZMG xx (1866), 279 f. DHM ib. xxxvii (1883), 376 FellSab. Götternamen, ZMG liv (1900), 231 ff., especially 237 ff.; Assyrian Ištar; Old Aramaic Palm. עתר (= עתֿתר) in n. pr.; in Egyptian ʿastirati WMMAs. u. Eur. 313; Gk. Ἀστάρτη; on other Gk. equivalents (e.g. Ἀφροδίτη) cf. LewyFremdw. 148, 186 f. 250);——ֶֹ prob. artificial, to suggest בֹּשֶׁת, orig. -תַּרְתְּ, -תֶּרֶת, cf. Ištar, Ασταρτη, etc.; ע׳ 1 K 11:5 + 2 times; pl. -תָּרוֹת Ju 2:13 + 3 times + -רֹת 1 S 7:4; 1 S 31:10 read prob. sg. (Dr al.);—ʿAštart, ʿAštereth (Ασταρτη, pl. Ασταρται, but Ju 10:6; 1 S 7:4 Ασταρωθ), ancient Sem. goddess (with male counterpart in Moab., Sab. and appar. Ph.); Phoenician diety, עשׁתרת אֱלֹהֵי צִדֹנִים 1 K 11:5, 33, ע׳ שִׁקֻּץ צ׳ 2 K 23:13; so prob. בֵּית ע׳ 1 S 31:10 (reading sg.; v. especially Dr); elsewhere pl., of various local goddesses, called עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (cf. Assyrian ilâni u ištarat = gods and Ištars (i.e. goddesses), usually + בעל(ים), as Canaanitish deities Ju 2:13; 10:6; 1 S 7:4; 12:10; ‖ אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר 7:3.—Vid. especially Dr Ashtoreth in HastDB; on Ištar JastrRel. Bab. pass. especially 202 f.; on ʿAthtar BaeRel. 117 f.; on Ph. ʿAštart Pietschm Gesch. Phön. 184 f.; on ʿAshtoreth Barton JBL x (1891), 73 ff. GFM Ency. Bib.

ἀρχάγγελος, ον, archangel, LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+:—adjective ἀρτ-γελικός, ή, όν, θεοίRefs 5th c.AD+

Γαβριήλ, ὁ, indecl. (Heb. גַּבְרִיאֵל, hero of God), the archangel Gabriel: Luk.1:19, 26.† (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

Transliteration of Hebrew אֱלָהּ 'god' [H0426]. Not in LSJ.

Hermes , the Lat. Mercurius, son of Maia and Zeus; messenger of the gods διάκτορος); giver of good luck ἐριούνιος, ἀκάκητα); god of all secret dealings, cunning, and stratagem δόλιος); bearing a golden rod χρυσόρραπις); conductor of defunct spirits ψυχοπομπός, πομπαῖος); tutelary god of all arts, of traffic, markets, roads ἀγοραῖος, ἐμπολαῖος, ὅδιος, ἐνόδιος); and of heralds. His bust, mounted on a four-cornered pillar, was used to mark boundaries. —;Proverb., κοινὸς Ἑρμῆς shares in your luck! 4th/3rd c.BC: compare ἕρμαιον. (Middle Liddel)

Ζεύς, ὁ, nominative Refs 8th c.BC+, once written Ζηύς Refs; Boeotian dialect Δεύς (which see); vocative Ζεῦ Refs 8th c.BC+; late Δεΐ Refs; accusative Δία, rarer than Διός, Διί in Refs 8th c.BC+, frequently later (cf. Sanskrit dyaús, genitive divás, locative diví 'sky', 'heaven', 'day', locative also dyávi,= Latin “Jove”, accusative dyā´m,= Latin diem,= Gr. Ζῆν (see. below)): also nominative Ζήν probably in Refs 4th c.BC+; genitive dative accusative Ζηνός, Ζηνί, Ζῆνα, Refs 8th c.BC+; Coan Ζηνί Refs 4th c.BC+; accusative Ζῆν (Ζῆν᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+; Cretan dialect Ττηνός, Ττηνί, Refs 3rd c.BC+; nominative Δήν Hdn.Gr.2.911:—Doric dialect and Attic dialect-Ionic dialect forms with α (of doubtful origin), nominative Ζάν Refs 5th c.BC+; Ζανός and Ζανί, Refs; accusative Ζᾶνα Refs 3rd c.BC+; nominative Ζάς Refs 6th c.BC+; Δάν (which see); Τάν Head Refs; nominative Δίς Refs 3rd c.BC+; Ζεῦν falsa lectio for Ζῆν᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+; ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ πάντες θεοί, ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί, Refs 5th c.BC+; in oaths, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα, twice in Refs 8th c.BC+; νὴ τὸν Δία or νὴ Δία, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ τὸν Δία alone, Refs 5th c.BC+: proverbial of enormous wealth, τῷ Διὶ πλούτου πέρι ἐρίζειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of other deities, Ζ. καταχθόνιος,= Πλούτων, Refs 8th c.BC+; of non-Greek divinities, Ζ. Ἄμμων Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently of Semitic Baalim, Z. Βεελβώσωρος, etc., Refs 1st c.AD+; Z. Ὠρομάσδης,= Refs 1st c.BC+ __III of persons, ὁ σχινοκέφαλος Z., iron. of Pericles, Refs 5th c.BC+; in flattery of kings, Refs 5th c.BC+; Ξέρξης ὁ τῶν Περσῶν Z. Refs 5th c.BC+; of the Roman emperors, Refs 3rd c.AD+; Νέρων Z. Ἐλευθέριος Refs; Ζῆνα τὸν Αἰνεάδην Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV Διὸς ἀστήρ the planet Jupiter, Refs 5th c.BC+; Διὸς ἡμέρα a day of the week, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V Refs 4th c.BC+ name for the monad, Refs

λογῐκ-ός, ή, όν, (λόγος) of or for speaking or speech, μέρη λ. the organs of speech, Refs 1st c.AD+, speech, opposed to μουσική, Refs 1st c.BC+expressed in speech, Refs __2 of or in eloquence, ἀγῶνες Refs 2nd c.BC+ __3 suited for prose, ὁ ἡρῷος σεμνὸς καὶ οὐ λ. Refs 4th c.BC+; of persons, writing in prose, Refs 3rd c.AD+in prose, Refs __II possessed of reason, intellectual, μέρος Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀρεταὶ λ., ={διανοητικαί}, opposed to ἠθικαί, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 dialectical, argumentative, οἱ λ. διάλογοι of Plato, such as the Theaetetus and Cratylus, Refs 4th c.BC+ usually like{διαλεκτικός, λ. συλλογισμός} Refsmore abstract, Metaphorical Refs; λ. δυσχέρειαιRefs; but also, logical, λ. συλλογισμοί, opposed to ῥητορικοί, Refs. adverb - κῶς dialectically, Metaphorical Refs: comparative -ώτερον Refs __II.2.b substantive, ἡ λογική (i.e. τέχνη) logic, Refs 1st c.BC+; περὶ λογικῶν title of work, Refs 3rd c.AD+; τὸ λ., opposed to τὸ φυσικόν, τὸ ἠθικόν, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 of the 'dogmatic' school of physicians, ἡ λ. αἵρεσις Refs 2nd c.AD+

Μιχαήλ, ὁ indecl. (Heb. מִיכָאֵל, who like God?), Michael, the Archangel (cf. Dan.12:1) : Ju 9, Rev.12:7.† (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

Included with: πνευμᾰτ-ικός, ή, όν, of wind or air, κινήσεις Refs 4th c.BC+; π. [ὄργανον] a machine moved by wind, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 of the nature of wind or air, τὰ π. Refs 4th c.BC+; π. ξηρότης, i. e. a dry vapour, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2.b of subtle substance, τὸ π. Refs 1st c.BC+; οὐσία, opposed to ὑγρά, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 inflated, distended with air, ὑστέραι Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 active (= πνευματώδης Refs, causing flatulence, οἶνος Refs 3rd c.BC+. adverb -κῶς by flatulence, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5 breathing, exhaling, εὐοσμία Refs 4th c.BC+ __II of the breath or breathing, τὸ π. μόριον, ὁ π. τόπος, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III of spirit, spiritual, interpolated in Refs 1st c.AD+; opposed to σαρκικός, ψυχικός, NT adverb -κῶςRefs __IV οἱ Π. a school of physicians who referred all questions of health to pneumatic agencies, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V conveying πνεῦμα, κοιλία, of the left ventricle of the heart (opposed to αἱματική), Refs 3rd c.BC+ __VI Rhet., adverb -κῶς in one breath (compare πνεῦμα VI), ἀποτείνεσθαι Refs 2nd c.AD+

πρεσβ-εία, ἡ, age, seniority, right of the elder, κατὰ πρεσβείαν Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 rank, dignity, πρεσβείᾳ καὶ δυνάμει ὑπερέχειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II embassy, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 body of ambassadors, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III intercession, Refs 3rd c.BC+

Transliteration of Hebrew צָבָא 'army' [H6635a]. Not in LSJ.

† גַּבְרִיאֵל n.pr.m. (man of Ēl) an archangel Dn 8:16; 9:21 (cf. Lu 1:19).

† I. כְּרוּב n.pr.loc. in Babylonia Esr 2:59; Neh 7:61.

† [מַלְאַךְ] n.m. angel (𝔗 Syriac);—sf. מַלְאֲכֵהּ Dn 3:28; 6:23.

† נִסְרֹךְ n.pr.div. Assyrian god, worshipped by Sennach., 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38; 𝔊 Εσδραχ, A Εσθραχ, 𝔊L Ασραχ (K); 𝔊 Νασαραχ, א Ασαρακ, A Ασαραχ (Is); JosAnt. x. 1, 5 Αρασκη; no such god in cuneif. inscr.; see views in MeinhJesaiaerzählungen (1898) ad loc.; crpt. form of Nusku (= נסוך) according to HalJAs. xiii (1879), 387 = Mél. de Crit. 177 Muss-ArnoltJBL xi. 1 (1892), 86; Hbr. vii. 89 R. 17; Nusku is a solar deity, cf. JastrRel. Bab. 220 f.

† סֻכּוֹת בְּנוֹת n.pr.div. 2 K 17:30, Assyrian-Bab. deity, worshipped by Babylonians in Samaria; text of name corrupt; SchrCOT ad loc. (after H. Rawlinson) proposes Zîr-bânit, or Zarpanituv, wife of Marduk (cf. HptAndover Rev., May 1886 Muss-ArnoltJBL xi (1892), 167), rejecting Sakkut-bin��tu = Marduk DlPar 215; JenZA iv. 352 makes בְּנוֹת = banîtu, epithet of Ištar; all doubtful.

† [שֵׁד] n.[m.] appar. demon (loan-word from Assyrian šêdu, a protecting spirit, especially of bull-colossus, DlPa 153 f.; WB 646; COT Dt 32:17 ZimKAT3. 460 f., 455, 649; cf. Aramaic שֵׁידָא, ܫܺܐܕܳܐ demon, and (perhaps) Ph. n.pr. גדשד NöZMG xlii (1888), 481 Lzb249; orig. √ שׁוד (= Arabic سَادَ rule) according to Thes Baud Sem. Rel. i. 130 ff. DlWB al.; > Arabic سعد (iii, iv aid), HomZMG xlvi (1892), 529, against this Ziml. c.);—יִזְבְּחוּ לַשֵּׁדִים לֹא אֱלֹהַּ Dt 32:17 (cf. Dr), ψ 106:37 (human sacrifice).

ἄθεος, ον, __B without vision, τινόςRefs 3rd c.AD+ (assuming variant; ἀθέ[ατ]ος Volkmann). __B.2 unseen, Refs 2nd c.AD+

Βελίαλ, ὁ, indecl. (Heb. בְּלִיַּעַל, worthlessness, but see DB, i, 268), Belial, a name of Satan: 2Co.6:15, Rec. See next word.† Βελιάρ, ὁ, indecl. (another form of previous word, "due to harsh Syriac pronunciation," or else Heb. בֵּל יַעַר, lord of the forest), Beliar, a name of Satan: 2Co.6:15 (see DB, i, 269).† (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

δαιμονιώδης, ες, like a demon, Refs 5th c.BC+; demoniacal, devilish, NT; like a δαίμων, Refs 5th c.AD+

δαίμων, ονος, vocative δαίμων Refs 5th c.BC+, ὁ, ἡ, god, goddess, of individual gods or goddesses, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων, of Φιλίη and Νεῖκος, Refs 5th c.BC+:—but more frequently of the Divine power (while θεός denotes a God in person), the Deity,Refs 8th c.BC+; πρὸς δαίμονα against the Divine power, Refs 8th c.BC+; κατὰ δαίμονα, almost, ={τύχῃ}, by chance, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄμαχος δ., i. e. Destiny, Refs 5th c.BC+ what the Gods ordain, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 the power controlling the destiny of individuals: hence, one's lot or forlune, δτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. Refs 8th c.BC+; δαίμονα δώσω I will deal thee fate, i.e. kill thee, Refs; frequently in Trag. of good or ill fortune, ὅταν ὁ δ. εὐροῇ Refs 5th c.BC+; personified as the good or evil genius of a family or person, δ. τῷπλεισθενιδῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II δαίμονες, οἱ, souls of men of the golden age, acting as tutelary deities, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε, of the deified Darius, Refs 4th c.BC+; νῦν δ᾽ ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ., of Alcestis, Refs 5th c.BC+: later, of departed souls, Refs 2nd c.AD+; δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν, = Dis Manibus, Refs; so θεοὶ δ., Refsghost, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 generally, spiritual or semi-divine being inferior to the Gods, Refs 1st c.AD+; especially evil spirit, demon, NT+1st c.AD+; δαίμονος ἔσοδος εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 ἀγαθὸς δ. the Good Genius to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; of Nero, ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης Refs; of the Nile, ἀ. δ. ποταμόςRefs 1st c.AD+; of the tutelary genius of individuals (above 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου Refs = Latin Di Manes, Refs 4th c.AD+ __B ={δαήμων}, knowing, δ. μάχης skilled in fight, Refs 7th c.BC+, suggests this as the originally sense; while others would write δαήμονες in Refs 7th c.BC+, and get rid of this sense altogether; compare however αἵμων. More probably the Root of δαίμων (deity) is δαίω to distribute destinies;;Refs 7th c.BC+

Δῐόσ-κοροι (the Attic dialect form, 2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista 212), Ionic dialect and later Διόσκουροι, οἱ, the sons of Zeus, i. e. the twins of Leda, Castor and Polydeuces, Refs 6th c.BC+: -κούρων Refs 5th c.BC+; -κόρων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II constellation named from them the Twins, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III ={παρωτίδες}, Refs 2nd c.AD+

cherished by Zeus , of kings and nobles, 8th/7th c.BC (Middle Liddel)

ἐξορκ-ιστής, οῦ, ὁ, exorcist, NT+2nd c.AD+

θεά, ἡ, in later Epic dialect θεή Refs 3rd c.BC+, dative θεῇ Refs 8th c.BC+, Laconian dialect σιά Refs 5th c.BC+ in Epic dialect, Trag.(with imitations in Comedy texts, as Refs 4th c.BC+ and later Prose: —goddess, opposed to γυνή, Refs 8th c.BC+: with another substantive, θ. μήτηρ Refs; Παλλὰς θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ θεαί Refs 3rd c.BC+; αἱ σεμναὶ θ. the Erinyes, Refs 5th c.BC+; δειναί, ἀνώνυμοι θ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II name of third τόπος, Vett.Refs 5th c.BC+

θειότης, ητος, ἡ, divine nature, divinity, LXX+NT+1st c.AD+ __2 falsa lectio for{ὁσιότης}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II as title of Roman Emperors, Refs 4th c.AD+

θεο-δίδακτος [ῐ], ον, taught of God, NT

θεομᾰχ-έω, fight against God or the gods, LXX+5th c.BC+

θεομά?~Xχ-ος, ον, fighting against God, Γίγαντες NT+2nd c.BC+

θεό-πνευ-στος, ον, inspired of God, σοφίη NT+1st c.AD+

θεοσεβ-ής, ές, fearing God, religious, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -βῶςRefs 5th c.BC+

θεο-στῠγής, ές, hated of the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+; hated of God, NT (where some take it active, hating God).

θεότης, ητος, ἡ, divinity, divine nature, NT+1st c.AD+; διὰ θεότητα for religious reasons, Refs 1st c.AD+

ἰσ-άγγελος, ον, like an angel, NT+5th c.AD+

φῐλό-θεος, ον, loving God, pious, NT+4th c.BC+: adverb φῐλό-ως Refs 2nd c.AD+

Transliteration of Hebrew כְּרוּב 'cherub' [H3742]. Not in LSJ.

† אֲשִׁימָא n.pr.[m.] a god of Hamath 2 K 17:30, otherwise wholly unknown.

† כִּיּוּן n.pr.dei. Am 5:26, prob. = Assyrian kaivânu, planet Saturn (Arabic and Pers. كَيْوَانٌ, Syriac ܟܶܐܘܳܢ), regarded as god; orig. pronunc. כֵּיוָן Schr COT ad loc., cf. Köii. 151 (pointing כִּיּוּן intended to suggest √ כון as something established, firm); kaimâ̆nu = kaiânu, according to Jen Cosm. iii. 502 who der. from כון (cf. Thes; so Zim BP 17); > Hpt ZA ii. 266, 281 f. reads כַּיָּוָן (for כְּאָמָן), reading the Babyl. name Kaʾâmânu; v. also M-AJBL 1892, xi. 86 n. 39.

† לִילִית n.f. Lilith (Milton Che nighthag), name of a female night-demon haunting desolate Edom; prob. borrowed from Bab., Is 34:14 (NH id.; Assyrian lilîtu, DlHWB 377; Syriac ܠܶܠܻܝܬܳܐ PS1951; on the development of legends of Lilith in later Judaism, v. Bux Lex. Talmud., s.v. Chead loc. GrünbaumZMG xxxi. 1877, 250 f.—Connexion with לילה perhaps only apparent, a popular etymology).

† מְרֹדַךְ n.pr.div. chief god of Babylon in Nebuchadrezzar’s time (Assyrian Mar(u)duk(u) Schr COT Gloss. Tiele Bab.-Assyrian Gesch. 530 ff.; SayRel.Bab. 96 ff.; cf. Muss-Arnolt JBL xi. 1892, 164 f.);—נִלְכְּדָה בָּבֶל הֹבִישׁ בֵּל חַת מְרֹדָ֑ךְ Je 50:2 (𝔊 Μαιωδακ).

† נִבְחַז n.pr.div. god men of Avva, 2 K 17:31; name otherwise unknown, cf. SchCOT ad loc.; 𝔊B τὴν Ἐβλαζερ, 𝔊L Ἐβλαιεζερ, A Ἀβααζερ καὶ τὴν Ναιβας; Thes comp. Mand. denom. ܢܒܰܙ = נבאז (Cod. Nasar. Norberg.) Codd. give variant נבחן cf. Baerad loc. FrensdorffMas. Magna. i. 306.

† סִכּוּת n.pr.div. Am 5:26 read prob. סַכּוּת, = Assyrian Sakkut (epithet of Adar-Ninip = Saturn), SchrSK 1874, 332; COT Am 5:26, cf. TieleGesch. 528 BaeRel 239 RogersEncy. Bib. 749 (Vrss Thes al. = סֻכָּה, סֻכּוֹת).

† עֲנַמֶּ֫לֶךְ n.pr.div. of סְפַרְוַיִם (q.v.) 2 K 17:31, Ανημελεχ (om. 𝔊L); = Assyrian Anu-malik according to SchrCOT ad loc., but dub., v. Kitad loc. and reff.; CheExpos. Times, June, 1898, 429 reads ענומלך, and ins. also 2 K 19:37 (bef. אלהיו); cf. also Hal cited sub עֲנָת.

—

† תַּמּוּז n.pr.div. Tammuz (Bab. Dûzu (also Dumuzi) COT Ez 8:14 ZimKAT3, 397 f. JastrRel. Bab. 482 et pass.; on the phonetic change HptZA ii. 270, but also JägerBAS i. 591);—מְבַכּוֹת אֶת־הַתּ׳ Ez 8:14; ת׳ = Gk. Adonis (אדון); cf. BaudRel.Semi. 35, 300 f. Dr Dn 11:37 CheEncy. Bib. tammuz SayHast. DBid..

† תַּרְתָּ֑ק n.pr.div. of הָעַוִּים, 2 K 17:31; Θαρθακ; not identified, cf.PinchesHast. DB Tartak.