Gods and Deities

אֱלֹהִים2570 n.m.pl. (f. 1 K 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים cf. also Nesl.c.) 1. pl. in number. †a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: האלהים Ex 21:6 (Onk 𝔖, but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ 𝔊) 22:7, 8; אלהים 22:8, 27 (𝔗 Ra AE Ew RVm; but gods, 𝔊 Josephus Philo AV; God, Di RV; all Covt. code of E) cf. 1 S 2:25 v. Dr.; Ju 5:8 (Ew, but gods 𝔊; God 𝔖 BarHeb.; יהוה 𝔙 Be) ψ 82:1, 6 (De Ew Pe; but angels Bl Hup) 138:1 (𝔖 𝔗 Rab Ki De; but angels 𝔊 Calv; God, Ew; gods, Hup Pe Che). †b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels ψ 8:6 (De Che Br; but angels 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Ew; God, RV and most moderns) Gn 1:27 (if with Philo 𝔗 Jer De Che we interpret נעשה as God’s consultation with angels; cf. Jb 38:7). †c. angels ψ 97:7 (𝔊 𝔖 Calv; but gods, Hup De Pe Che); cf. בני (ה)אלהים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Jb 1:6; 2:1; 38:7 Gn 6:2, 4 (J; so 𝔊 Bks. of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude v 6; 2 Pet 2:4 JosAnt. i, 3, 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Onk and Rab.; sons of God, the pious, Theod Chrys Jer Augustine Luther Calv Hengst; 𝔊L read οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ), cf. בני אלים. d. gods האלהים Ex 18:11; 22:19 (E) 1 S 4:3; 2 Ch 2:4 ψ 86:3; אלהי האלהים the God of gods, supreme God Dt 10:17 ψ 136:2; אלהים Ex 32:1, 23 (JE) Ju 9:13; אלהים אחרים other gods Ex 20:3; 23:13 Jos 24:2, 16 (E) Dt 31:18, 20 (JE) 5:7 + (17 times in D, not P) Ju 2:12, 17, 19; 10:13 1 S 8:8; 26:19 1 K 9:6, 9 (= 2 Ch 7:19, 22) 11:4, 10; 14:9 2 K 5:17; 17:35, 37, 38; 22:17 (= 2 Ch 34:25) 2 Ch 28:25 Je 1:16 + (18 times Je) Ho 3:1; אלהי (ה)נכר foreign gods Gn 35:2, 4 Jos 24:20, 23 (E) Dt 31:16 (JE) Ju 10:16 1 S 7:3 2 Ch 33:15 Je 5:19; א׳ נחור (v. 4 b); א׳ מצרים Ex 12:12 (P) Je 43:12, 13; א׳ האמרי Jos 24:15 (E) Ju 6:10; א׳ ארם etc. Ju 10:6; אלהים מעשה ידי Dt 4:28; א׳ הגוים gods of the nations 2 K 18:33; 19:12 Dt 29:17; 2 Ch 32:17, 19 Is 36:18; 37:12; א׳ העמים Dt 6:14; 13:8 Ju 2:12 ψ 96:5 1 Ch 5:25; 16:26; 2 Ch 32:13, 14; א׳ כסף Ex 20:23 (E); א׳ זהב Ex 20:23 (E) 32:31 (JE); א׳ מַסֵּכָה Ex 34:17 (J) Lv 19:4 (H). 2. Pl. intensive. a. god or goddess, always with sf. 1 S 5:7 (Dagon), Ju 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 K 18:24 (Baal), Ju 9:27 Dn 1:2(×2); or cstr. לעשתרת א׳ צדנים לכמוש א׳ מואב to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 K 11:33; א׳ הארץ god of the land 2 K 17:26(×2), 27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 K 20:28. b. godlike one Ex 4:16 (J; Moses in relation to Aaron), Ex 7:1 (P; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 S 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), ψ 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, 𝔊 𝔖 Jer, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God’s = God’s throne AE Ki Thes Ew Hup, cf. 1 Ch 28:5). c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (vid. אֵל 5) הר אלהים ψ 68:16; Ez 28:14, 16; אש אלהים Jb 1:16; גן (ה)אלהים Ez 28:13; 31:8, 9. d. God (vid. 3 & 4). 3. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God, י׳ הוא האלהים Yahweh is (the) God Dt 4:35, 39; 7:9 1 K 8:60; 18:39(×2) 2 Ch 33:13 הוא האלהים 1 K 18:24 Is 45:18; י׳ האלהים Jos 22:34 (P?) 1 K 18:21; 2 Ch 32:16; אתה הוא האלהים 2 S 7:28; 1 K 18:37; 2 K 19:15; 1 Ch 17:26; Is 37:16; Ne 9:7; האלהים as subj. or obj. is used in E 33 times, Chr 38 times, Ec 31 times, Jon 5 times, elsewhere Gn 5:22, 24; 6:9, 11 (sources of P) 17:18 (P) Jos 22:34 (P?) Gn 44:16 (J) Dt 4:35, 39; 7:9; Ju 6:36, 39; 7:14; 10:14; 16:28; 21:2 1 S 10:3, 7; 14:36; 2 S 2:27; 6:7; 7:28; 12:16 1 K 8:60; 18:21, 24(×2), 37, 39(×2) 2 K 19:15 (Ephr) Jb 2:10 Je 11:12 Is 37:16; 45:18 ψ 108:14 Dn 1:9, 17; י׳ הא׳ הקדוש 1 S 6:20; י׳ הא׳ הגדול Ne 8:6; הא׳ אשר בירושלם Ezr 1:3; אדני האלהים Dn 9:3; in many phrases, as איש האלהים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Ju 13:6, 8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 S 9:6–10, cf. אִישׁ הָרוּחַ Hos 9:7): of Moses Dt 33:1 Jos 14:6 (E) 1 Ch 23:14 2 Ch 30:16 Ezr 3:2 ψ 90:1; of Samuel 1 S 9:6–10; of David 2 Ch 8:14 Ne 12:24, 36; Shemaiah 1 K 12:22 (= 2 Ch 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 K 13:1–31; 17:18–24; 20:28 2 K 1:9–13; 4:7–42; 5:8–20; 6:6–15; 7:2, 17; 8:2–11; 13:19; 23:16–17 (Ephr.) 2 Ch 25:7, 9; unnamed prophet 1 S 2:27; Hanan Je 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד האלהים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Ch 6:34 2 Ch 24:9 Ne 10:30 Dn 9:11. בית האלהים the house of God, Ju 18:31, especially late, Chr (52 times) Ec 4:17 Dn 1:2; בית י׳ הא׳ 1 Ch 22:1; האלהים (ברית) ארון the ark (of the covenant) of God Ju 20:27 1 S 4–5. 14, 2 S 6–7. 15 (23 times) 1 Ch 13. 15. 16, 2 Ch 1:4 (13 times); מטה האלהים the rod of God Ex 4:20; 17:9 (E); הר האלהים the mount of God (Horeb) Ex 3:1; 4:27; 18:5; 24:13 (E) 1 K 19:8 (Ephr.); מלאך האלהים the (theophanic) angel of God Gn 31:11 Ex 14:19 (E) Ju 6:20; 13:6, 9 2 S 14:17, 20; 19:28; in other combinations Ex 18:16 Nu 23:27 (E) Ju 20:2 1 S 4:8; 5:11; 10:5 2 S 16:23 1 K 12:22 1 Ch 21:7 + ψ 87:3 Ec 9:1. 4. אֱלֹהִים = God י׳ אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת = Yahweh is God in truth Je 10:10. a. אלהים (as subj. obj. direct or indirect) is used by P (50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by E (91 times), J chiefly in poetic sources Gn 3:1, 3, 5(×2); 9:27; 39:9 Dt 32:17, 39, by D (11 times) Ju (21 times) S (50 times) K (29 times) Chr (45 times); in ψ 42–86 (180 times often by editorial change for an original יהוה), elsewhere ψ 3:3; 5:11; 7:11, 12; 9:18; 10:4, 13; 14:1, 2, 5; 25:22; 36:2, 8; 77:14; 100:3; 108:2, 6, 8, 12(×2), 14 Jb 5:8; 20:29; 28:23; 32:2; 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Pr 2:5; 3:4; 25:2 Ec (7 times) Hos (5 times) Am 4:11 (כמהפכת אלהים את סדם as God overthrew Sodom = Je 50:40 = Is 13:19) Zc 8:23; 12:8 Mi 3:7 (but אליהם 𝔊 𝔖) Is 35:4 Is 2 (9 times) Je 10:10 Ez (13 times) Mal (5 times) Jon (4 times); the phrase היה ל׳ לאלהים Gn 28:21 (ER) 17:7, 8 Ex 6:7; 29:45 Lv 11:45; 22:33; 25:38; 26:12, 45 Nu 15:41 (P) Dt 26:17; 29:13 2 S 7:24 (= 1 Ch 17:22) Zc 8:8 Je (6 times) Ez (6 times); אלהים צדיק righteous God ψ 7:10; א׳ קדשים holy God Jos 24:19 (E); א׳ חיים living God Dt 5:23 1 S 17:26, 36 Je 10:10; 23:36; א׳ חי 2 K 19:4, 16 (= Is 37:4, 17). For the phrases יהוה א׳, י׳ א׳ צבאות, א׳ צבאות, אל א׳ י׳, יה א׳, י׳ צבאות א׳, י׳ אלהי צבאות, אדני א׳ vid. יהוה" dir="rtl" >יהוה, יָהּ" dir="rtl" >יה, צְבָאוֹת" dir="rtl" >צבאות & אדני. b. cstr. אֱלֹהֵי (α) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of J, Gn 26:24; 28:13; 31:53, Gn 31:42 (ε) Ex 3:6 ψ 47:10 1 K 18:36 1 Ch 29:18 2 Ch 30:6; א׳ אדני אברהם Gn 24:12, 27, 42, 48 (J); אלהי אב father’s God (various sf. & names), a phrase of E, Gn 31:5, 29, 42; 46:3; 50:17 Ex 3:6, 13, 15, 16; 15:2; 18:4 Jos 18:3, elsewhere Gn 32:10; 43:23 (J) Ex 4:5 (J?) Dt (8 times) Ju 2:12 2 K 21:22 Chr (31 times) Dn 11:37; אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel’s God, phrase of E, Gn 33:20 Ex 5:1; 24:10; 32:27 Jos 8:30; 14:14; 22:16; 24:2, 23, elsewhere Ex 34:23 Jos 7:13, 19, 20 (JE) Nu 16:9 Jos 9:18, 19; 22:24; 10:40, 42; 13:14, 33 (R vid. Di Jos 7:13) Ju 4:6; 5:3, 5; 6:8; 11:21, 23; 21:3 1 S 1:17 + (20 times) K (26 times) Chr (45 times) ψ 41:14; 106:48 (doxol.) 59:6; 69:7 Is 17:6; 21:10, 17; 29:23 Is 3; 24:15; 37:16, 21 Is 2; 41:17 + (6 times) Je 35:17 + (48 times), Ez 8:4 + (7 times) Zp 2:9 Mal 2:16 Ru 2:12; א׳ מערכות ישראל God of the battle array of Israel 1 S 17:45; א׳ יַעֲקֹב 2 S 23:1 (poet.) ψ 20:2; 46:8, 12; 75:10; 76:7; 81:2, 5; 84:9; 94:7 Is 2:3 (= Mi 4:2); א׳ העבריים God of the Hebrews Ex 3:18; 5:3; 7:16; 9:1, 13 (JE); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Gn 31:53 (E), Shem Gn 9:26 (J), David 2 K 20:5 2 Ch 21:12; 34:3 Is 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Ch 32:17, Elijah 2 K 2:14; א׳ אדני המלך the God of my lord the king 1 K 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, א׳ קֶדֶם ancient God Dt 33:27; א׳ עולם everlasting God Is 40:28; א׳ אֱמֶת true God 2 Ch 15:3; א׳ אָמֵן Is 65:16 (vid. אָמֵן); א׳ משפט Is 30:18 Mal 2:17; א׳ מרום Mi 6:6; א׳ כָל בָשָׂר God of all flesh Je 32:27; cf. א׳ הרוחת לכל בשר Nu 16:22; 27:16 (P); א׳ השמים God of heaven Gn 24:7 (JR) 2 Ch 36:23 Ezr 1:2 Ne 1:4, 5; 2:4, 20; cf. א׳ כל הארץ Is 54:5; י׳ א׳ השמים וא׳ הארץ Gn 24:3 (JR); א׳ מִקָּרֹב a God at hand opp. א׳ מֵרָחֹק Je 23:23, א׳ ישועתי, א׳ יִשְׁעִי God of my salvation ψ 18:47 (= 2 S 22:47) 24:5; 25:5; 27:9; 65:6; 79:9; 85:5 Is 17:10 Mi 7:7 Hb 3:18 1 Ch 16:35; א׳ ישועתי ψ 88:2; א׳ תשועתי ψ 51:16; א׳ צִדְקִי God of my righteousness ψ 4:2; א׳ חַסְדִּי ψ 59:11, 18; א׳ צוּרִי God who is my rock 2 S 22:3 (cf. ψ 18:3); א׳ מָעוּזִּי֯ God who is my stronghold ψ 43:2; א׳ תְהִלָּתִי God who is my praise ψ 109:1. c. with sf. in P (22 times incl. phr. ויראת מאלהיך) Lv 19:14, 32; 25:17, 36, 43 (H) Ex 8:21 Jos 24:27 (E) Dt 32:37 (poet.) Jos 9:23 (JE) Dt 10:21; 31:17 Ju 10:10; 16:23, 24 1 S 10:19 2 S 10:12; 22:32 + (4 times poet.) 1 K 12:28; 20:23 2 K 19:10 Chr (83 times) ψ (62 times) Pr 2:17; 30:9 Ru 1:15, 16(×2) Is 1:10; 7:13; 8:19, 21 Is 2 (29 times) Je 5:4, 5; 23:36; 51:5 Ez 34:31 Dn (5 times) Ho (12 times) Am 2:8; 4:12 Jo 1:13(×2), 16; 2:17 Mi 6:8; 7:7 Jon 1:5, 6 Zp 3:2 Na 1:14 Zc 9:7; 12:5; אלהים with sf. is also used with יהוה several hundred times (vid. יהוה).

θεός, ὁ, Boeotian dialect θιός, Laconian dialect σιός (see. below), Refs 5th c.AD+, Cretan dialect θιός Refs, Doric dialect also θεύς Refs 3rd c.BC+; vocative (only late) θεός, also θεέ LXX+NT; but classical in compound names, Ἀμφίθεε, Τιμόθεε:—God, the Deity, in general sense, both singular and plural (εἰ καὶ ἐπὶ θεοὺς καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐπὶ θεὸν ἁρμόζει μεταφέρειν Refs 8th c.BC+; σὺν θ. εἰρημένον Refs 5th c.BC+: so in plural, σύν γε θεοῖσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ θεῶν ἄτερ pi.Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑπὲρ θεόν against his will,Refs 4th c.BC+; θεῶν συνεθελόντων, βουλομένων, Refs 5th c.BC+bless you! good heavens! for heaven's sake! Refs 8th c.BC+: doubled in poets, θεὸν θεόν τις ἀγλαϊζέτω Refs 5th c.BC+; θεοί (Cretan dialect θιοί) as an opening formula in Inscrr. (i.e. τύχην ἀγαθὴν διδοῖεν), Refs.1, etc.: in Prose also with the Article, ὁ θ. πάντων ἂν εἴη αἴτιος Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θ., τὰ παρὰ τῶν θ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __b θεοί, opposed to ἄνδρες, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Refs 8th c.BC+; also in singular, θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν Refs 8th c.BC+, of an 'angel's visit', Refs 3rd c.BC+ __c of special divinities, νέρτεροι θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐνέρτεροι θ. Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ κάτωθεν θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ δώδεκα θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θ. Refs 4th c.BC+; in dual, τὼ σιώ (Laconian dialect), of Castor and Pollux, ναὶ τὼ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __d ὁ θ., of natural phenomena, ὁ θ. ὕει (i.e. Ζεύς) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔσεισεν ὁ θ. (i.e. Ποσειδῶν) Refs 5th c.BC+; of the sun, Refs 5th c.BC+; δύνοντος τοῦ θ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; the weather, τί δοκεῖ τὰ τοῦ θεο; Refs 4th c.BC+ __e Astrology texts, θεοί,= ἀστέρες, Refs 4th c.AD+ __f θεός (i.e. Ἥλιος), name of the 9th τόπος, Rhetor.Refs __2 metaphorically, of abstract things, τὸ δ᾽ εὐτυχεῖν τόδ᾽ ἐν βροτοῖς θεός τε καὶ θεοῦ πλέον Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ πλοῦτος τοῖς σοφοῖς θ. Refs; φθόνος κάκιστος θ. Refs __3 as title of rulers, θεῶν ἀδελφῶν (i.e. Ptolemy Il and Arsinoe), Refs 3rd c.BC+; Ἀντίοχος ὅτῳ θεὸς ἐπώνυμον γίγνεται Refs 2nd c.AD+; θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ, of Augustus, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3.b = Latin Divus, Refs 1st c.BC+; οἱ ἐν θεοῖς αὐτοκράτορες,= divi Imperatores, Refs __3.c generally of the dead, καὶ ζῶντός σου καὶ εἰς θεοὺς ἀπελθόντος Refs 3rd c.BC+; θεοῖς χθονίοις,= Latin Dis Manibus, Refs __4 one set in authority, judge, τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θ., ἐνώπιον τοῦ θ., LXX __II θεός feminine, goddess, μήτε θήλεια θεός, μήτε τις ἄρσην Refs 8th c.BC+; especially at Athens, of Athena, Decrees cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἁ Διὸς θεός, Ζηνὸς ἡ θ., Refs 5th c.BC+; of other goddesses, ποντία θεός Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ νερτέρα θ.,= Περσεφόνη, Refs 5th c.BC+; of Thetis, Refs 5th c.BC+; of Niobe, Refs 5th c.BC+: in dual, of Demeter and Persephone, τὰ τοῖν θεοῖν ψηφίσματα Refs 5th c.BC+ __III as adjective in comparative θεώτερος, divine, θύραι θ., opposed to καταιβαταὶ ἀνθρώποισιν, Refs 8th c.BC+; χορὸς θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ (κόσμῳ θέντες τὰ πρήγματα), by Refs 5th c.BC+ [In Epic dialect (twice in Refs 8th c.BC+, as monosyllable by synizesis, θεοί Refs 8th c.BC+

II. אֵל n.m. (also, in n.pr. אֶל, אֱלִי; Sam. אל, Ph. אל, אלן (i.e. prob. אֵלֹן), Sab. אל, DHM Or. Congr. Leiden, 1883, As. ilu, DlW; perhaps also Arabic, Aramaic. cf. Nöl.c.; on goddess אלת Ph. Palm. Nab. Sab. (also אלהת) DHMl.c., Arabic إِلَاهَة) (pl. إِلَاهَات) FlKl.Schr. i. 154, Assyrian Allatu Jr 66, Syriac ܐܰܠܳܗܳܬܳܐ,, cf. also BaeRel 58, 90, 97, 271, 297) god, but with various subordinate applications to express idea of might;—hardly ever in prose except with defining word (adj. or gen.); its only suff. is ִי;— †1. applied to men of might and rank, אֵל גוים mighty one of the nations Ez 31:11 (of Neb.; 𝔊 ἂρχων ἒθνων, איל some mss. Co); אֵלִים mighty men Jb 41:17 (אילים, many mss. Di); אֵלֵי גִבּוֹרִים mighty heroes Ez 32:21 (אֵילֵי mss. Co); אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ Ez 17:13 2 K 24:15 (Kt אולי); אֵילִים Ex 15:15 (prob. pl. of iii. אַיִל, q.v.) These readings are uncertain because of an effort to distinguish these forms from the divine name. אֵל גִּבּוֹר mighty hero (as above) or divine hero (as reflecting the divine majesty) Is 9:5. †2. angels, בְּנֵי אֵלִים ψ 29:1; 89:7 = בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים. 3. gods of the nations, אֵל אֵלִים God of gods, supreme God Dn 11:36; מִי כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִם who is like thee among the gods Ex 15:11; idols Is 43:10; 44:10, 15, 17; 46:6; מי אל בשמים what God in heaven Dt 3:24; אִל אחר another god Ex 34:14 (J); אֵל זר foreign god ψ 44:21; 81:10; אל נכר Dt 32:12 Mal 2:11 ψ 81:10. †4. Ēl n.pr. אל ברית Ēl Berith Ju 9:46 (= בעל ברית Ju 8:33; 9:4); בְּאֵר אֵלִים s. p. 91 b †5. as characterizing mighty things in nature, הררי אל mighty mountains ψ 36:7 (lit. mountains of Ēl); also ψ 50:10 Ol Bi Che v. sub אֶ֫לֶף²" dir="rtl" >II. אלף; ארוי אל mighty cedars ψ 80:11; כוכבי אל lofty stars Is 14:13. 6. God217, the one only and true God of Israel: (a) הָאֵל the God, the true God Gn 31:13; 35:1, 3; 46:3 (E) 2 S 22:31, 33, 48 (= ψ 18:31, 33, 48) ψ 68:20, 21; 77:15; הָאֵל הַנֶּאֱמָן the faithful God Dt 7:9; האל הגדול the great God Dt 10:17 = Je 32:18 Dn 9:4 Ne 1:5; 9:32; האל הקדשׁ the holy God Is 5:16; האל יהוה the God Yahweh Is 42:5 ψ 85:9. †(b) אֵלִי my God Ex 15:2 (poet.) ψ 18:3; 22:2(×2), 11; 63:2; 68:25; 89:27; 102:25; 118:28; 140:7; Is 44:17. (c) cstr. אל בית אל the God of Bethel, who had his seat there Gn 35:7 (E); אל אביך God of thy father Gn 49:25 (poet.); אל ישראל ψ 68:36; אל יעקב ψ 146:5; אל השמים the God of heaven ψ 136:26; אל סלעי the God who is my rock ψ 42:10; אל שמחת גילי the God who is the joy of my exultation ψ 43:4; אֵל רֳאִי the God who lets himself be seen Gn 16:13 (J); אל הכבוד the God of glory ψ 29:3; אל דעות the all-knowing God 1 S 2:3 (poet.); אֵל עוֹלָם the everlasting God Gn 21:33 (J); אל ישועתי Is 12:2; אל חַיָּי֑ ψ 42:9; אל אמת ψ 31:6 = אל אֱמוּנָה Dt 32:4 (poet.); אל נקמות ψ 94:1(×2) אל גְּמֻלוֹת Je 51:56. (d) אל אֶחָד one God Mal 2:10; אל גדול a great God Dt 7:21 ψ 77:14; 95:3; אל מסתתר a God hiding himself Is 45:15; אל רחום a compassionate God Ex 34:6 (J) Dt 4:31 ψ 86:15; אל נשא a forgiving God ψ 99:8; אל חַנּוּן a gracious God Ne 9:31 Jon 4:2; אל קנא a jealous God Ex 20:5; 34:14 (J) Dt 4:24; 5:9; 6:15 Jos 24:19 (D) = אל קנוא Na 1:2; אֵל חי a living God Jos 3:10 (J) Ho 2:1 ψ 42:3; 84:3; אל צדיק Is 45:21; לא אֵל חפץ רשע ψ 5:5; לא אֵל Dt 32:21 (poet.) Is 31:3 Ez 28:2, 9; מי אל כמוךָ Mi 7:18 (cf. Ex 15:11). (e) God (the only true God, needing no article or predicate to define him) Nu 12:13 (E read אַל Di) always in poetry, Jb 5:8 + (55 times Jb), ψ 7:12; 10:11, 12; 16:1; 17:6; 19:2; 52:3, 7; 55:20; 57:3; 73:11, 17; 74:8; 77:10; 78:7, 8, 18, 19, 34, 41; 82:1; 83:2; 90:2; 104:21; 106:14, 21; 107:11; 118:27; 139:17, 23; 149:6; 150:1 Is 40:18; 43:12; 45:14, 20; 46:9 La 3:41 Ho 11:9; 12:1 Mal 1:9; עִמָּנוּאל God is with us, as name of child in prediction Is 7:14 cf. 8:8, 10.(f) Ēl, a divine name אל אלהי ישראל Gn 33:20 (E); אל אלהי הרוחת Nu 16:22 (P = יהוה אלהי חרוחת Nu 27:16); אל אלהים יהוה Jos 22:22 (P) ψ 50:1. This is probable also in the ancient poems, Nu 23:8, 19, 22, 23; 24:4, 8, 16, 23 (poet. Balaam ‖ שדּי & עליון) Dt 32:18; 33:26 (poet.) Moses ‖ צוּר & אֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם) 2 S 22:32; 23:5 (poet. David ‖ צוּר) and in the combinations אל עליון (5 times; vid. עלאיון) & אל שדּי (10 times; vid. שַׁדַּי). †7. אֵל strength, power (on connection with I. אָלָה cf. Di Gn 1:1; 31:29) in יֶשׁ־לְאֵל יָדִי it is according to the power of my hand = it is in my power, etc. Gn 31:29 (E; sq. לְ + Inf.); בִּהְיוֹת לְאֵל יָדְ֯יךָ Pr 3:27 (sq. id.); יֶשׁ־לְאֵל יָדָם Mi 2:1 (abs.); neg. וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶ֑ךָ Dt 28:32 (abs.) = thou shalt be powerless, so Ne 5:5.* v. also BrockZAW xxvi (1906), 29 ff. (meaning ‘might’ very dub.: renders belongs to the god of (my) hand, supposing phrase a survival, with orig. meaning forgotten, of ancient idea, found also among other nations, of spirits conferring powers upon particular members of body).

אֱלָהּ94 n.m. god, God (= BH אֱלֹהַּ (p. 43), v. also √ I. אלה p. 41);—א׳ abs. Dn 2:28 +, cstr. v 18 +; emph. אֱלָהָא v 20 +; sf. אֱלָהִי 6:23, -הָךְ Ezr 9:14 +, -הֵהּ Dn 6:6 +, -הֲהֹם Ezr 5:5; 7:16, -הֲהוֹן Dn 3:28(×2), 29, -הֲכֹם Ezr 7:17, etc.; pl. abs. אֱלָהִין Dn 2:11 +, emph. -הַיָּא Je 10:11, cstr. -הֵי Dn 5:4, 23, sf. -הַי 3:14, etc. [c. pref. לֵאלָהָא Dn 5:23, לֵאלָהָ֯יךְ 3:14, etc.; but not in sg. abs. or cstr., e.g. לֶאֱלָהּ Ezr 5:12, etc.];— 1. god, in gen. Dn 6:8, 13; heathen deities Je 10:11 Dn 2:11; 3:15 + 15 times Dn (made of gold, etc. 5:4, 23), + בַּר־אֱלָהִין 3:25 (v. בַּר). 2. 73 God (of Isr.), Dn 2:28 Ezr 5:2 +; phr. אֱלָהּ יִשׂ׳ Ezr 5:1; 6:14; 7:15; א׳ יְרוּשְׁלֵם 7:19; א׳ אֲבָהָתַי Dn 2:23; א׳ שְׁמַיָּא Ezr 5:11 (+ וְאַרְעָא), v 12 6:9, 10 Dn 2:18, 19 + 6 times (v. שְׁמַיִם 2 a); א׳ רַב Dn 2:45; א׳ אֱלָהִין v 47; אֱלָהָא עִלָּיָא 3:26, 32; 5:18, 21; א׳ הַיָּא 6:21, 27; also בֵּית אֱלָהָא 5:3 Ezr 4:24; 5:2 + 16 times Ezr; עֲבִידַת א׳ Ezr 6:18.

δαιμόνιον, τό, divine Power, Divinity, Refs 5th c.BC+; φοβεῖσθαι μή τι δ. πράγματ᾽ ἐλαύνῃ some fatality, Refs; τὰ τοῦ δ. the favours of forlune, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II inferior divine being, μεταξὺ θεοῦ τε καὶ θνητοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; applied to the 'genius' of Socrates, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 evil spirit, δ. φαῦλα NT+3rd c.BC+

אֱלֹהַּ57 so Dt 32:17; לֶאֱלֹהַּ Dn 11:38 (vid. BD) sf. לֵאלֹהוֹ Hb 1:11; elsewhere אֱלוֹהַּ n.m. god, God. (Sam. id., Aramaic אֱלָהּ, ܐܰܠܳܗܳܐ,, Arabic إِلٰهٌ, Sab. אלה DHMl.c.;—אֱלֹהַּ as found in Heb. prob. a sg. formed by inference from pl. אֱלֹהִים: cf. Nesl.c.)— 1. a heathen god, late usage; כָּל־אֱלוֹהַּ 2 Ch. 32:15 Dn 11:37; זוּ כחו לאלהו whose power is his god Hb 1:11 2 K 17:31 (but Qr אֱלֹהֵי), אשר הביא אֱלוֹהַּ בְּיָדוֹ who doth bring God in his hand Jb 12:6 (Ew Di RVm, etc.) 2. God, used in ancient poems Dt 32:15, 17 ψ 18:32, and on their basis an archaism in later poetry Jb 3:4 + (41 times Jb), ψ 50:22; 114:7; 139:19 Pr 30:5 Is 44:8 Hb 3:3 Ne 9:17 (citing Ex 34:6 where אֵל is used).

† אֲשֵׁרָה, אֲשֵׁירָה 2 K 17:16 n.pr.f. Ashera (Assyrian n.pr.f. Aš-ra-tu, c. sign for deity, in Canaanitish n.pr. Abad-Ašratum, servant of A. SchrZA 1888, 363, cf. Wkl & AbelThontafelfund v. El Amarna ii. No. 77, 1. 9, & SayceRP2. ii. 67, iii. 71; on deriv. cf. Assyrian aširat, adj. fem. gracious, COTGloss) see now also GFMEB Asherah Dr Dt 16:21 AllenDB Asherah, all doubtful as to Can. goddess Asherah; question left open by ZimKAT3. 436 ff. (on Sem. goddess Aširtu-Ašratu Id. ib. 432 ff.); but v. JeremAT1 im Licht d. Alten Orients 207 (name of goddess Aširat in letter found at Taanach by Sellin (1902–3) and Id. ib. 37. 237) (Oppenheim’s find at Ras el-’Ain in Mesop., stone shaft with veiled head as top, supposed to identify post with goddess; if 2 K 23:7 refers to draped Asherim [v. on text Benz Bur], this even more plausible), Id. ib. 23, 208 f., 286. On pictorial representations of Asherah-symbol v. WHWardAJSL xix. 1 (Oct. 1902).:—usually with the art.: prob. a. a Canaanitish goddess of fortune & happiness; having prophets 1 K 18:19, an image 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16 2 K 21:7, sacred vessels 2 K 23:4, houses v 7. b. a symbol of this goddess, a sacred tree or pole set up near an altar 1 K 16:33 2 K 13:6; 17:16; 18:4; 21:3; 23:6, 15; prohibited Dt 16:21; burnt by Gideon Ju 6:25, 26, 28, 30. Pl. אֲשֵׁרוֹת a. the goddess Ju 3:7 (prob. error for עַשְׁתָּרֹת 𝔙). b. sacred trees or poles 2 Ch 19:3; 33:3; elsewhere אֲשֵׁרִים id. Is 27:9 + 12 times; sf. Mi 5:13 + 5 times;—Ex 34:13 (J) Dt 7:5; 12:3 Is 17:8; 27:9 Je 17:2 Mi 5:13 1 K 14:15, 23 2 K 17:10, 23:14 2 Ch 14:2; 17:6; 24:18; 31:1; 33:19; 34:3, 4, 7.—(Cf. also StaZAW 1881, 344 f. RSSem i. 171 f., 175n. WeH 235, who think א׳ only the sacred pole.)

† דָּגוֹן n.pr.m. 1 S 5:4 god & idol of Philistines (cf. Assyrian Dagan, Dakan, name perhaps non-Shemitic COT Ju 16:23 DlPa 139 SayceRel. Bab. 188 f. but v. Jen infr.)—god of Ashdod, except Ju 16:23 (Gaza) & 1 Ch 10:10 (but cf. infr.);—דגון אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Ju 16:23 cf. דגון אֱלֹהֵינוּ 1 S 5:7, בֵּית ד׳ 1 S 5:2, 5 1 Ch 10:10 (here hardly orig. cf. ‖ 1 S 31:10 & We Dr); כֹּהֲנֵי ד׳ 1 S 5:5, מִפְתַּן ד׳ v 5; as name of image ד׳ (אֵצֶל) v 2, 3, 4, דגון נֹפֵל v 3, 4, רַק ד׳ נִשְׁאַר עָלָיו v 4 (but sense difficult; We proposes דָּגוֹ only his fish, i.e. fishy part, was left upon him, v. also Dr;—but was Dagon a fish-god? Cf. works cited above & Scholz Götzendienst 238 ff., Baud in PRE2 iii. 460 ff., especially JenKosmol. 449 ff.). Vid. בֵּית דָּגוֹן p. 111.

† כְּמוֹשׁ n.pr.div. Chemosh (כמש MI3, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 32, 33 also עשתר כמש l 17 and n.pr.m. כמשמלך l 1; Assyrian Kammusunadbi, a king of Moab Schr.COT i, 281; = KAT2, 288; cf. further BaeRel. 13 f. 238, 256 NöZMG 1888, 471; 𝔊 Χαμώς);—god of the Moabites to whom Solomon erected a high place 1 K 11:7, 33; 2 K 23:13; Je 48:7 (Kt כמישׁ), v 13. Moab is עַם־כ׳ Nu 21:29 (ode) people of Chemosh, and Moabites his sons and daughters, cf. Je 48:46. He is said to be also the God of the Ammonites Ju 11:25 (probably an error BaeRel. 15 GFM).

† מֹ֫לֶךְ n.pr.div. Molech (𝔊 Μολοχ, 𝔙 Moloch) ( = מֶלֶךְ i.e. (divine) King, with vowels of בֹּשֶׁת to denote abhorrence, HoffmZAW iii. 1883, 124 RSSem i. 353; 2nd ed. 372; cf. Hoffm GGAbh. xxxvi. 1890 (May, 1889), 25; Ph. n. pr. div. מלך Milk, in n.pr. cf. Bloch, Dr Dt 222 f.);—c. art. הַמּ׳:—the god to whom Isr. sacrif. children with fire (in valley of Hinnom); העביר בָּאֵשׁ לַמּ׳ 2 K 23:10; העביר לַמּ׳ Je 32:35 (‖ הַבַּעַל), Lv 18:21 (H); נתן לַמּ׳ Lv 20:2, 3, 4 (H); more gen. לִזְנוֹת אַחֲרֵי הַמּ׳ v 5 (H). In 1 K 11:7 read prob. מִלְכֹּם, q.v.

Ἄρτεμις, ἡ, genitive ιδος, also ιτος, dative ιτι Refs 2nd c.BC+, etc.: accusative ιν, also ιδα Refs: Doric dialect Ἄρταμις, ιτος (or ιδος as in Boeotian dialect Inscrr. Refs 1st c.BC+ ={Εἰλειθυῖαι}, Refs:—Artemis, Refs 8th c.BC+

† מִלְכֹּם n.pr.div. Milcom, god of Ammonites (cf. RSSem i. 67)—מ׳ שִׁקֻּץ עַמֹּנִים 1 K 11:5 (‖ עַשְׁתֹּרֶת); cf. מ׳ אֱלֹהֵי בְנֵי עַמּוֹן v 33 (‖ ע׳ + כְּמוֹשׁ), so read also (for MT מֹלָךְ v 7 (‖ כְּמוֹשׁ); מ׳ תּוֹעֲבַת בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן 2 K 23:13 (‖ as 1 K 11:33); id. מִלְכֹּם also for מַלְכָּם Je 49:1, 3 (𝔊 Μελχολ, Μελχομ), cf. Gie, and Zp 1:5 (𝔖 𝔙, cf. Now), prob. 2 S 12:30 = 1 Ch 20:2 (v. מֶלֶךְ 5 d), and perhaps Am 1:15 (whence Je 49:3; cf. Dr Now;—not We GASm).

θεῖος, α, ον: __Alate Epic dialect θέειος Refs 5th c.AD+; θεήϊος Refs 2nd c.BC+; late Aeolic dialect θήϊος Refs; Laconian dialect σεῖος (see. below 1.3): comparative and superlative θειότερος, -ότατος, frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+: (θεός): __1 of or from the gods, divine, γένος Refs 8th c.BC+; ὌνειροςRefs 5th c.BC+, of a dust-storm, Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. τινὶ μοίρᾳ by divine intervention, Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. κἀπόνῳ τύχῃ, of an easy death, Refs 5th c.BC+; φύσις θ. NT; appointed of God, βασιλῆες Refs 8th c.BC+; σκῆπτρον given by God, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 belonging or sacred to a god, holy, ἀγών, χορός, Refs 8th c.BC+; under divine protection, πύργος, δόμος, Refs 8th c.BC+; of heralds and bards, Refs 8th c.BC+; so perhaps, of kings,Refs __3 morethan human, of heroes, Ὀδυσσεύς Refs 8th c.BC+; ὦ θεῖε (in the mouth of a Spartan) Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b of things, excellent, θεῖον ποτόν Refs 8th c.BC+; θ. πρήγματα marvellous things, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 = Latin divinus (or sacer), Refs 2nd c.AD+; θ. ὅρκος oath by the Emperor, Refs 4th c.AD+; θειότατος, of living Emperors, Refs 1st c.BC+ __4.b = Latin divus, of deified Emperors, θ. Σεβαστός Edict.Claud. cited in Refs 1st c.AD+ __II as substantive, θεῖον, τό, the Divinity, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡμαρτηκότα εἰς τὸ θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 in an abstract sense, divinity, κεκοινώνηκε.. τοῦ θ. Refs; ἢ μόνον μετέχει τοῦ θ..., ἢ μάλιστα [ἄνθρωπος] Refs 4th c.BC+; κατὰ θεῖον or κατά τι θ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 θεῖα, τά, the acts of the gods, course of providence, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b matters of religion, ἔρρει τὰ θ. religion is no more, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.c inquiries concerning the divine, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ φανερὰ τῶν θείων, i.e. the heavenly bodies, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III adverb θείως by divine providence, θ. πως Refs 5th c.BC+; θειοτέρως by special providence, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 divinely, excellently, εὖ γε καὶ θ. Refs 5th c.BC+

† עַשְׁתֹּ֫רֶת n.pr.deae. ʿAštōreth, ʿAštart, ʿAštéreth (v. infr.) (MI17 עשתר כמש; Ph. עשתרת (+ often in n. pr.), n. pr. עבד עשתר Cook Acad. Jan. 18, 1896 Sab. n. pr. dei עתֿתר v. especially OsZMG xx (1866), 279 f. DHM ib. xxxvii (1883), 376 FellSab. Götternamen, ZMG liv (1900), 231 ff., especially 237 ff.; Assyrian Ištar; Old Aramaic Palm. עתר (= עתֿתר) in n. pr.; in Egyptian ʿastirati WMMAs. u. Eur. 313; Gk. Ἀστάρτη; on other Gk. equivalents (e.g. Ἀφροδίτη) cf. LewyFremdw. 148, 186 f. 250);——ֶֹ prob. artificial, to suggest בֹּשֶׁת, orig. -תַּרְתְּ, -תֶּרֶת, cf. Ištar, Ασταρτη, etc.; ע׳ 1 K 11:5 + 2 times; pl. -תָּרוֹת Ju 2:13 + 3 times + -רֹת 1 S 7:4; 1 S 31:10 read prob. sg. (Dr al.);—ʿAštart, ʿAštereth (Ασταρτη, pl. Ασταρται, but Ju 10:6; 1 S 7:4 Ασταρωθ), ancient Sem. goddess (with male counterpart in Moab., Sab. and appar. Ph.); Phoenician diety, עשׁתרת אֱלֹהֵי צִדֹנִים 1 K 11:5, 33, ע׳ שִׁקֻּץ צ׳ 2 K 23:13; so prob. בֵּית ע׳ 1 S 31:10 (reading sg.; v. especially Dr); elsewhere pl., of various local goddesses, called עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (cf. Assyrian ilâni u ištarat = gods and Ištars (i.e. goddesses), usually + בעל(ים), as Canaanitish deities Ju 2:13; 10:6; 1 S 7:4; 12:10; ‖ אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר 7:3.—Vid. especially Dr Ashtoreth in HastDB; on Ištar JastrRel. Bab. pass. especially 202 f.; on ʿAthtar BaeRel. 117 f.; on Ph. ʿAštart Pietschm Gesch. Phön. 184 f.; on ʿAshtoreth Barton JBL x (1891), 73 ff. GFM Ency. Bib.

Transliteration of Hebrew אֱלָהּ 'god' [H0426]. Not in LSJ.

Hermes , the Lat. Mercurius, son of Maia and Zeus; messenger of the gods διάκτορος); giver of good luck ἐριούνιος, ἀκάκητα); god of all secret dealings, cunning, and stratagem δόλιος); bearing a golden rod χρυσόρραπις); conductor of defunct spirits ψυχοπομπός, πομπαῖος); tutelary god of all arts, of traffic, markets, roads ἀγοραῖος, ἐμπολαῖος, ὅδιος, ἐνόδιος); and of heralds. His bust, mounted on a four-cornered pillar, was used to mark boundaries. —;Proverb., κοινὸς Ἑρμῆς shares in your luck! 4th/3rd c.BC: compare ἕρμαιον. (Middle Liddel)

Ζεύς, ὁ, nominative Refs 8th c.BC+, once written Ζηύς Refs; Boeotian dialect Δεύς (which see); vocative Ζεῦ Refs 8th c.BC+; late Δεΐ Refs; accusative Δία, rarer than Διός, Διί in Refs 8th c.BC+, frequently later (cf. Sanskrit dyaús, genitive divás, locative diví 'sky', 'heaven', 'day', locative also dyávi,= Latin “Jove”, accusative dyā´m,= Latin diem,= Gr. Ζῆν (see. below)): also nominative Ζήν probably in Refs 4th c.BC+; genitive dative accusative Ζηνός, Ζηνί, Ζῆνα, Refs 8th c.BC+; Coan Ζηνί Refs 4th c.BC+; accusative Ζῆν (Ζῆν᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+; Cretan dialect Ττηνός, Ττηνί, Refs 3rd c.BC+; nominative Δήν Hdn.Gr.2.911:—Doric dialect and Attic dialect-Ionic dialect forms with α (of doubtful origin), nominative Ζάν Refs 5th c.BC+; Ζανός and Ζανί, Refs; accusative Ζᾶνα Refs 3rd c.BC+; nominative Ζάς Refs 6th c.BC+; Δάν (which see); Τάν Head Refs; nominative Δίς Refs 3rd c.BC+; Ζεῦν falsa lectio for Ζῆν᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+; ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ πάντες θεοί, ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί, Refs 5th c.BC+; in oaths, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα, twice in Refs 8th c.BC+; νὴ τὸν Δία or νὴ Δία, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ τὸν Δία alone, Refs 5th c.BC+: proverbial of enormous wealth, τῷ Διὶ πλούτου πέρι ἐρίζειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of other deities, Ζ. καταχθόνιος,= Πλούτων, Refs 8th c.BC+; of non-Greek divinities, Ζ. Ἄμμων Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently of Semitic Baalim, Z. Βεελβώσωρος, etc., Refs 1st c.AD+; Z. Ὠρομάσδης,= Refs 1st c.BC+ __III of persons, ὁ σχινοκέφαλος Z., iron. of Pericles, Refs 5th c.BC+; in flattery of kings, Refs 5th c.BC+; Ξέρξης ὁ τῶν Περσῶν Z. Refs 5th c.BC+; of the Roman emperors, Refs 3rd c.AD+; Νέρων Z. Ἐλευθέριος Refs; Ζῆνα τὸν Αἰνεάδην Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV Διὸς ἀστήρ the planet Jupiter, Refs 5th c.BC+; Διὸς ἡμέρα a day of the week, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V Refs 4th c.BC+ name for the monad, Refs

† נִסְרֹךְ n.pr.div. Assyrian god, worshipped by Sennach., 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38; 𝔊 Εσδραχ, A Εσθραχ, 𝔊L Ασραχ (K); 𝔊 Νασαραχ, א Ασαρακ, A Ασαραχ (Is); JosAnt. x. 1, 5 Αρασκη; no such god in cuneif. inscr.; see views in MeinhJesaiaerzählungen (1898) ad loc.; crpt. form of Nusku (= נסוך) according to HalJAs. xiii (1879), 387 = Mél. de Crit. 177 Muss-ArnoltJBL xi. 1 (1892), 86; Hbr. vii. 89 R. 17; Nusku is a solar deity, cf. JastrRel. Bab. 220 f.

† סֻכּוֹת בְּנוֹת n.pr.div. 2 K 17:30, Assyrian-Bab. deity, worshipped by Babylonians in Samaria; text of name corrupt; SchrCOT ad loc. (after H. Rawlinson) proposes Zîr-bânit, or Zarpanituv, wife of Marduk (cf. HptAndover Rev., May 1886 Muss-ArnoltJBL xi (1892), 167), rejecting Sakkut-bin��tu = Marduk DlPar 215; JenZA iv. 352 makes בְּנוֹת = banîtu, epithet of Ištar; all doubtful.

ἄθεος, ον, __B without vision, τινόςRefs 3rd c.AD+ (assuming variant; ἀθέ[ατ]ος Volkmann). __B.2 unseen, Refs 2nd c.AD+

Δῐόσ-κοροι (the Attic dialect form, 2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista 212), Ionic dialect and later Διόσκουροι, οἱ, the sons of Zeus, i. e. the twins of Leda, Castor and Polydeuces, Refs 6th c.BC+: -κούρων Refs 5th c.BC+; -κόρων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II constellation named from them the Twins, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III ={παρωτίδες}, Refs 2nd c.AD+

cherished by Zeus , of kings and nobles, 8th/7th c.BC (Middle Liddel)

θεά, ἡ, in later Epic dialect θεή Refs 3rd c.BC+, dative θεῇ Refs 8th c.BC+, Laconian dialect σιά Refs 5th c.BC+ in Epic dialect, Trag.(with imitations in Comedy texts, as Refs 4th c.BC+ and later Prose: —goddess, opposed to γυνή, Refs 8th c.BC+: with another substantive, θ. μήτηρ Refs; Παλλὰς θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ θεαί Refs 3rd c.BC+; αἱ σεμναὶ θ. the Erinyes, Refs 5th c.BC+; δειναί, ἀνώνυμοι θ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II name of third τόπος, Vett.Refs 5th c.BC+

θειότης, ητος, ἡ, divine nature, divinity, LXX+NT+1st c.AD+ __2 falsa lectio for{ὁσιότης}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II as title of Roman Emperors, Refs 4th c.AD+

θεο-δίδακτος [ῐ], ον, taught of God, NT

θεομᾰχ-έω, fight against God or the gods, LXX+5th c.BC+

θεομά?~Xχ-ος, ον, fighting against God, Γίγαντες NT+2nd c.BC+

θεό-πνευ-στος, ον, inspired of God, σοφίη NT+1st c.AD+

θεοσεβ-ής, ές, fearing God, religious, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -βῶςRefs 5th c.BC+

θεο-στῠγής, ές, hated of the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+; hated of God, NT (where some take it active, hating God).

θεότης, ητος, ἡ, divinity, divine nature, NT+1st c.AD+; διὰ θεότητα for religious reasons, Refs 1st c.AD+

φῐλό-θεος, ον, loving God, pious, NT+4th c.BC+: adverb φῐλό-ως Refs 2nd c.AD+

† אֲשִׁימָא n.pr.[m.] a god of Hamath 2 K 17:30, otherwise wholly unknown.

† כִּיּוּן n.pr.dei. Am 5:26, prob. = Assyrian kaivânu, planet Saturn (Arabic and Pers. كَيْوَانٌ, Syriac ܟܶܐܘܳܢ), regarded as god; orig. pronunc. כֵּיוָן Schr COT ad loc., cf. Köii. 151 (pointing כִּיּוּן intended to suggest √ כון as something established, firm); kaimâ̆nu = kaiânu, according to Jen Cosm. iii. 502 who der. from כון (cf. Thes; so Zim BP 17); > Hpt ZA ii. 266, 281 f. reads כַּיָּוָן (for כְּאָמָן), reading the Babyl. name Kaʾâmânu; v. also M-AJBL 1892, xi. 86 n. 39.

† מְרֹדַךְ n.pr.div. chief god of Babylon in Nebuchadrezzar’s time (Assyrian Mar(u)duk(u) Schr COT Gloss. Tiele Bab.-Assyrian Gesch. 530 ff.; SayRel.Bab. 96 ff.; cf. Muss-Arnolt JBL xi. 1892, 164 f.);—נִלְכְּדָה בָּבֶל הֹבִישׁ בֵּל חַת מְרֹדָ֑ךְ Je 50:2 (𝔊 Μαιωδακ).

† נִבְחַז n.pr.div. god men of Avva, 2 K 17:31; name otherwise unknown, cf. SchCOT ad loc.; 𝔊B τὴν Ἐβλαζερ, 𝔊L Ἐβλαιεζερ, A Ἀβααζερ καὶ τὴν Ναιβας; Thes comp. Mand. denom. ܢܒܰܙ = נבאז (Cod. Nasar. Norberg.) Codd. give variant נבחן cf. Baerad loc. FrensdorffMas. Magna. i. 306.

† סִכּוּת n.pr.div. Am 5:26 read prob. סַכּוּת, = Assyrian Sakkut (epithet of Adar-Ninip = Saturn), SchrSK 1874, 332; COT Am 5:26, cf. TieleGesch. 528 BaeRel 239 RogersEncy. Bib. 749 (Vrss Thes al. = סֻכָּה, סֻכּוֹת).

† עֲנַמֶּ֫לֶךְ n.pr.div. of סְפַרְוַיִם (q.v.) 2 K 17:31, Ανημελεχ (om. 𝔊L); = Assyrian Anu-malik according to SchrCOT ad loc., but dub., v. Kitad loc. and reff.; CheExpos. Times, June, 1898, 429 reads ענומלך, and ins. also 2 K 19:37 (bef. אלהיו); cf. also Hal cited sub עֲנָת.

† תַּמּוּז n.pr.div. Tammuz (Bab. Dûzu (also Dumuzi) COT Ez 8:14 ZimKAT3, 397 f. JastrRel. Bab. 482 et pass.; on the phonetic change HptZA ii. 270, but also JägerBAS i. 591);—מְבַכּוֹת אֶת־הַתּ׳ Ez 8:14; ת׳ = Gk. Adonis (אדון); cf. BaudRel.Semi. 35, 300 f. Dr Dn 11:37 CheEncy. Bib. tammuz SayHast. DBid..

† תַּרְתָּ֑ק n.pr.div. of הָעַוִּים, 2 K 17:31; Θαρθακ; not identified, cf.PinchesHast. DB Tartak.