Angels and Messengers

מַלְאָךְ214 n.m. messenger;—מ׳ Ex 23:20 + 48 times; cstr. מַלְאַךְ Gn 16:7 + 69 times; sfs. מַלְאָכִי Ex 23:23 + 3 times; מַלְאָכוֹ Gn 24:7, 40; pl. מַלְאָכִים Gn 32:4 + 63 times + מלאכים 2 S 11:1 Kt (מלכים); cstr. מַלְאֲכֵי Gn 28:12 + 11 times; מַלְאָכֶיךָ Nu 24:12, 2 K 19:23; מַלְאָכֵכֵה Na 2:14 error for מַלְאָכֵכִי = מַלְאָכַיְכִי Ges§ 91, (2), Anm. 2 or מַלְאָכֵךְ by dittogr. from foll. הוֹי Kö ii. 1.S 571). מַלְאָכָיו 2 Ch 36:15 + 8 times;— 1. messenger, a. one sent with a message Gn 32:4 + 8 times JE; Dt 2:26, (not in P); Ju 6:35 + 8 times; 1 S 6:21 + 51 times S K, 1 Ch 14:1; 19:2, 16 2 Ch 18:12; 35:21; Ne 6:3; Jb 1:14; Pr 13:17; 17:11; Is 14:32; 18:2; 30:4; 37:9, 14; Je 27:3; Ez 17:15; 23:16, 40; 30:9; Na 2:14; מלאכי שׁלום, messengers of peace Is 33:7. b. a prophet Is 42:19; 44:26; 2 Ch 36:15, 16; Hg 1:13; the herald of the advent מלאכי Mal 3:1. c. priest Mal 2:7, prob. Ec. 5:5 (RV angel). d. ‖ מֵלִיץ Jb 33:23, a messenger from God acting as an interpreter and declaring what is right (angel of RV too specific). e. fig. מ׳ רָעִים messengers of evil ψ 78:49; מ׳ מות messengers of death Pr 16:14; ‖ רוחות winds his messengers ψ 104:4. 2. angel, as messenger of God, מלאכים with God in theophanies Gn 19:1, 15; 28:12; 32:2 (JE), praising him; ψ 103:20; 148:2; in his sight not without error Jb 4:18 charged with the care of the pious ψ 91:11; elsewhere sg. sent to a prophet 1 K 13:18; 19:5, 7; 2 K 1:3, 15; Zc 1:9 + 18 times in Zc 1–6; excellent, wise, powerful 1 S 29:9 2 S 14:17, 20; 19:28 Zc 12:8; encamping about the faithful ψ 34:8; chasing his enemies ψ 35:5, 6; destroying by judgment of Yahweh 2 S 24:16, 17 = 1 Ch 21:12–30; 2 K 19:35 = Is 37:36 = 2 Ch 32:21. †3. the theophanic angel (ה)אלהים מ׳ in the story of E: Gn 21:17; 31:11 Ex 14:19, also in Ju 6:20; 13:6, 9; מ׳ יהוה in the story of J: Gn 16:7, 9, 10, 11; 22:11, 15; Ex 3:2 Nu 22:22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 34, 35 and in Ju 2:1, 4; 5:23; 6:11, 12, 21(×2), 22(×2); 13:3, 13, 15, 16(×2), 17, 18, 20(×2), 21; הַמַּלְאָךְ Gn 48:16 (E); מַלְאָךְ Ex 23:20 (E), 33:2; Nu 20:16 (JE), Ho 12:5; מַלְאָכִי Ex 23:23 (E), 32:34 (J); מַלְאָכוֹ Gn 24:7, 40 (J), מ׳ פניו Is 63:9 (referring to the ancient מלאך); מ׳ הברית Mal 3:1 (referring to the advent of י׳ for judgment, see Br MP 473). The theophanic angel is not mentioned in D and P.

ἄγγελος, ὁ, ἡ, messenger, envoy, Refs 8th c.BC+ — proverbial, Ἀράβιος ἄ., of a loquacious person, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 generally, one that announces or tells, e.g. of birds of augury, Refs 8th c.BC+; Μουσῶν ἄγγελος, of a poet, Refs 6th c.BC+; ἄ. ἄφθογγος, of a beacon, Refs 6th c.BC+; of the nightingale, ὄρνις.. Διὸς ἄ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 angel, LXX+NT+1st c.AD+ __4 in later philosophical, semi-divine being, ἡλιακοὶ ἄ.Refs 4th c.AD+ in R.2.243 K.; ἄ. καὶ ἀρχάγγελοιRefs 5th c.AD+: also in mystical and magical writings, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II title of Artemis at Syracuse, Refs 5th c.AD+

† II. צִיר n.m. Pr 25:13 envoy, messenger;—צ׳ abs. Je 49:14 +, cstr. Pr 13:17; pl. צִירִים Is 18:2; sf. צִרַיִךְ 57:9;—envoy, from Cush Is 18:2, from apostate Isr. 57:9; from י׳ Je 49:14 = Ob 1; messenger in gen. צִיר אֱמוּנִים Pr 13:17, צ׳ נֶאֱמָן 25:13.—i. צִיר v. IV. צור.

ἀρχάγγελος, ον, archangel, LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+:—adjective ἀρτ-γελικός, ή, όν, θεοίRefs 5th c.AD+

Γαβριήλ, ὁ, indecl. (Heb. גַּבְרִיאֵל, hero of God), the archangel Gabriel: Luk.1:19, 26.† (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

Μιχαήλ, ὁ indecl. (Heb. מִיכָאֵל, who like God?), Michael, the Archangel (cf. Dan.12:1) : Ju 9, Rev.12:7.† (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

πρεσβ-εία, ἡ, age, seniority, right of the elder, κατὰ πρεσβείαν Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 rank, dignity, πρεσβείᾳ καὶ δυνάμει ὑπερέχειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II embassy, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 body of ambassadors, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III intercession, Refs 3rd c.BC+

† גַּבְרִיאֵל n.pr.m. (man of Ēl) an archangel Dn 8:16; 9:21 (cf. Lu 1:19).

† [מַלְאַךְ] n.m. angel (𝔗 Syriac);—sf. מַלְאֲכֵהּ Dn 3:28; 6:23.

ἰσ-άγγελος, ον, like an angel, NT+5th c.AD+