H8492 H8492
new wine, must — freshly pressed grape juice, listed with grain and oil as a sign of agricultural blessing
Tirosh is the Hebrew term for new wine or must — the freshly pressed juice of the grape before extended fermentation. Its 38 occurrences almost always place it in the triad dagan-tirosh-yitshar ('grain, new wine, and oil'), a formulaic expression for the full produce of the land. Deuteronomy alone uses this triad seven times as the measure of covenant blessing (7:13; 11:14; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4; 28:51; 33:28). Tirosh is distinguished from yayin ('fermented wine') — Micah 6:15 makes the progression explicit: 'you shall tread tirosh but not drink yayin.' Hosea 4:11 warns that 'wine and new wine take away the understanding,' pairing the two as complementary intoxicants. Isaiah 65:8 locates tirosh still inside the grape cluster, and Joel 2:24 envisions the vats overflowing with it. The Septuagint renders it oinos neos ('new wine'), and the translations follow suit: Spanish 'mosto/vino nuevo,' French 'mout,' German 'Most.'
Senses
1. new wine / must — Freshly pressed grape juice or must, representing the yield of the vineyard before full fermentation. Characteristically appears in the agricultural triad dagan-tirosh-yitshar ('grain, new wine, oil') as shorthand for covenant prosperity (Deut 7:13; 11:14; 14:23; 28:51; Hos 2:10, 24; Joel 2:19). Distinguished from yayin ('fermented wine') in Micah 6:15 and Hosea 4:11, though the boundary between them is permeable. Genesis 27:28 includes tirosh in Isaac's patriarchal blessing, and Numbers 18:12 assigns its firstfruits to the priests. Judges 9:13 personifies the vine: 'should I leave my tirosh, which cheers God and men?' The term connotes abundance, freshness, and divine generosity. 38×
AR["ال-خَمْرِ", "الخَمرَ", "الْ-خَمْرَ", "الْخَمْرِ", "الْمُسْكِرُ", "خَمْرٍ", "وَ-المِسْطارَ", "وَ-خَمراً", "وَ-خَمرٍ", "وَ-خَمْرٌ", "وَ-خَمْرِكَ", "وَالخَمرَ", "وَالخَمرُ", "وَالخَمرِ", "وَخَمْرٌ", "وَخَمْرَكَ", "وَخَمْرِكَ", "وَسَلاَفَةً", "وَعَصيرٌ"]·ben["-নতুন-দ্রাক্ষারস", "আঙুরের-রস", "আঙুরের-রসকে-সেই-", "আঙুরের-রসের", "আর-নতুন-দ্রাক্ষারস", "এবং-আঙুর-রস", "এবং-আঙুরের-রস", "এবং-আঙুরের-রসের-জন্য-", "এবং-তোমার-নতুন-দ্রাক্ষারস", "এবং-তোমার-নতুন-দ্রাক্ষারসের", "এবং-নতুন-আঙুর", "এবং-নতুন-দ্রাক্ষারস", "ও-নতুন-দ্রাক্ষারস", "নতুন-দ্রাক্ষারস", "নতুন-দ্রাক্ষারসের"]·DE["Most", "[תירוש]", "der-Most", "und-Most", "und-dein-neu-Wein", "und-der-Most"]·EN["and-new-wine", "and-the-new-wine", "and-with-new-wine", "and-your-new-wine", "new-wine", "the-new-wine"]·FR["der-moût", "et-nouveau-vin", "et-ton-nouveau-vin", "et-vin-nouveau", "et-ותירוש", "moût", "vin-nouveau"]·heb["ה-תירוש", "ו-ה-תּירוֹשׁ", "ו-ה-תירוש", "ו-תירוש", "ו-תירושך", "ו-תירש", "תירוש"]·HI["और-तेरी-दाखमधु", "और-दाखमधु", "और-दाखरस", "और-दाखरस-अपनी", "और-दाखरस-तेरी", "और-नई-दाखमदिरा", "और-नई-दाखरस", "और-नया-दाखरस", "दाखमधु", "नई-दाखमधु-का", "नई-दाखरस", "नई-दाखरस-का"]·ID["anggur-baru", "anggur-baru-itu", "dan-anggur-baru", "dan-anggur-baru-mu", "dan-anggurmu"]·IT["e-e-con-nuovo-vino", "e-mosto", "e-nuovo-vino", "e-tuo-nuovo-vino", "il-mosto", "mosto"]·jav["anggur", "anggur-anyar", "anggur-enggal", "anggur-énggal", "lan-anggur", "lan-anggur-anyar", "lan-anggur-enggal", "lan-anggur-panjenengan", "lan-anggur-énggal", "lan-anggur-énggal-panjenengan", "lan-kang-anggur-énggal", "sami-nyimpang"]·KO["그-포도주-를", "그-포도주와", "그-포도주의", "그-포도즙의", "그리고-그-포도주-를", "그리고-너의-포도주와", "그리고-너의-포도주의", "그리고-새-포도주-가", "그리고-새-포도주-와", "그리고-새-포도주가", "그리고-새-포도주로", "그리고-새-포도주에-대하여", "그리고-새-포도주의", "그리고-포도즙-을", "새-포도주가", "새-포도주와", "포도주와"]·PT["e-mosto", "e-o-mosto", "e-o-vinho-novo", "e-teu-vinho-novo", "e-vinho-novo", "mosto", "o-vinho-novo", "vinho-novo"]·RU["вина", "вину", "и-вина", "и-вина-твоего", "и-вино", "и-вино-молодое", "и-вино-твоё", "и-виноградный-сок", "и-вином", "и-молодое-вино", "и-молодым-вином", "молодое-вино"]·ES["el-mosto", "mosto", "vino-nuevo", "y-de-tu-mosto", "y-el-mosto", "y-mosto", "y-mosto-nuevo", "y-tu-mosto"]·SW["divai-mpya", "mvinyo", "na-divai-mpya", "na-divai-yako", "tiּyrwosh"]·TR["ve-yeni-şarabı", "ve-yeni-şarap", "ve-şarabın", "ve-şarabını", "ve-şarabının", "ve-şarap", "ve-şıra", "yeni-sarap", "yeni-şaraba", "şarabın", "şarap"]·urd["اور-اپنی-می-", "اور-تیری-مے", "اور-تیری-مے-کا", "اور-می", "اور-می-", "اور-می-نئی", "اور-نئی-شراب", "اور-نئی-مے", "تازہ-مے", "می", "می-", "مے", "مے-کی"]
Gen 27:28, Gen 27:37, Num 18:12, Deut 7:13, Deut 11:14, Deut 12:17, Deut 14:23, Deut 18:4, Deut 28:51, Deut 33:28, Judg 9:13, 2 Kgs 18:32 (+26 more)
Related Senses
H8081 1. oil (substance) (180×)H3196 1. wine (fermented grape juice) (141×)H1706 1. honey (54×)H4682 1. unleavened bread/cakes (53×)H2461 1. milk (42×)H0400 1. food, nourishment (36×)G3631 1. wine (34×)H3978 1. food, nourishment (30×)H1314 1. spice / perfume / balsam (29×)H7416 1. pomegranate (fruit/ornament) (28×)H3323 1. fresh oil, olive oil (23×)H2964 1. prey, torn flesh (19×)H3899 2. food, sustenance (19×)G1033 1. food (17×)G5160 1. food (16×)H5561 1. spices, aromatic substances (16×)H0402 1. food, nourishment (14×)G2219 1. leaven (13×)H4478a 1. manna (13×)G1637 1. olive oil (11×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† תִּירוֹשׁ n.m. Ju 9:13 must, fresh or new wine; on meaning, v. ARSKEncy. Bib. Wine (iv. 5307 f.)—abs. תִּירוֹשׁ Nu 18:12 + 24 times; תִּירשׁ Gn 27:28 + 3 times; sf. תִּירוֹשִׁי Ju 9:13 Ho 2:11; תִּירשְׁךָ Dt 7:13 + 4 times Dt; תִּירוֹשֵׁךְ Is 62:8; תִּירוֹשָׁם ψ 4:8;—must, new wine, as enlivening ת׳ הַמְּשַׂמֵּחַ אֱלֹהִים וַאֲנָשִׁים Ju 9:13; as injurious זְנוּת וְיַיִן וְת׳ יִקַּח־לֵב Ho 4:11;…