H8157 H8157
cleft, split (of hooves); the divided hoof as a criterion for clean animals in Levitical dietary law
This noun refers to the cleft or split hoof, a key characteristic in determining clean animals according to Levitical law. Leviticus 11:3 defines clean land animals as those that have 'split hooves, cleft-footed' and chew the cud. Verse 7 mentions the pig which has a split hoof but doesn't chew the cud (thus unclean). Verse 26 repeats the criterion. Deuteronomy 14:6 uses the same language. The multilingual glosses (Spanish hendidura 'split', French fendu 'split', German split/cleft) confirm this as the divided hoof. The cleft hoof became a symbolic marker distinguishing clean from unclean, ordering creation according to divine categories—a physical sign pointing to ritual and perhaps moral distinctions embedded in the created order itself.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The cleft or split of an animal's hoof, specifically used in Levitical dietary law to distinguish clean from unclean animals. Clean beasts must have split hooves and chew the cud (Lev 11:3, Deut 14:6). The pig has a split hoof but doesn't chew cud, thus is unclean (Lev 11:7). This physical characteristic becomes a taxonomic criterion, part of Israel's symbolic ordering of creation that divided the animal world into clean and unclean categories. 4×
AR["شَاقَّةً", "شَقًّا", "شَقٌّ"]·ben["চেরা", "বিভক্ত", "বিভক্ত-করা"]·DE["cleft-von", "split", "splitting"]·EN["cleft-of", "split", "splitting"]·FR["cleft-de", "fendu", "splitting"]·heb["שסע", "שסעת"]·HI["खुर", "चीर", "फटा", "फटा खुर"]·ID["belahan", "terbelah"]·IT["cleft-di", "split", "splitting"]·jav["belahan", "misahaken", "pamisah"]·KO["갈라지는", "갈라짐을"]·PT["fenda", "fendendo"]·RU["расщеп", "расщепление", "расщепляет"]·ES["hendida", "hendidura", "hendidura-de"]·SW["kupasuka", "mwanya"]·TR["bölümü", "çatal"]·urd["ٹوٹ", "ٹوٹتا"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† שֶׁ֫סַע n.[m.] cleft;—as acc. cogn. c. [שָׁסַע], q.v.; abs. Lv 11:26, cstr. v 3, 7 Dt 14:6.