Shamayin is the Aramaic cognate of Hebrew shamayim, appearing 38 times exclusively in the Aramaic portions of Daniel and Ezra. Always in the emphatic state (shamayya), it carries the same dual register as its Hebrew counterpart: the physical sky above and the transcendent abode of God. Nebuchadnezzar's great tree grew 'until its top reached the heavens' (Dan 4:8, 17, 20), and 'the dew of heaven' (tal shamayya, Dan 4:12, 20, 22, 30; 5:21) marks the exposed, animal-like existence imposed during the king's madness. Daniel 7:2 names 'the four winds of heaven,' and verse 13 introduces the Son of Man coming 'with the clouds of heaven.' The theological peak is the phrase elah shamayya ('God of heaven,' Dan 2:18, 19, 37, 44; Ezra 5:11-12; 6:9-10; 7:12, 21, 23), a diplomatic-liturgical title favored in the Persian period.