H7761 H7761
To set, place, or establish; to issue a decree; to appoint someone to a position. Aramaic cognate of Hebrew שׂוּם/שִׂים.
An Aramaic verb appearing almost exclusively in Ezra and Daniel, where royal administration is the backdrop. Its most common use involves decrees: a king 'sets' (issues) a command, or a decree 'is set' (established). But it also covers physical placement—Cyrus 'placed' temple vessels back in Jerusalem (Ezra 5:14)—and personal appointment, as when a chief is 'made' over a group. Spanish 'poner/puso' and French 'placer/établir' reflect the same breadth from physical setting to legal enactment.
Senses
1. put, place, set — The core active meaning: to put, place, or set something in position, including the specialized legal sense of issuing or promulgating a decree. Ezra 5:3 asks 'Who set you a decree to build?' and Ezra 6:1 records Darius ordering a search. French 'placer' and Spanish 'ha puesto' confirm the literal spatial root, while 'établir' captures the extended administrative force. The idiom שִׂים טְעֵם ('set a decree') is the signature collocation. 12×
AR["أَصْدَرَ","أَصْدَرْتُ","أَصْدِرُوا","سَمَّاهُ-","وَضَعَ","وَضَعْتَ","يَضَعُوا","يَضَعْ"]·ben["দাও","দিয়েছি","দিয়েছে","দিয়েছেন","দিলেন","রাখলেন","রাখেনি","রেখেছিলেন-","রেখেছে"]·DE["Name","[שימו]","[שמת]","sein-Name","setzen"]·EN["gave","have-made","made","placed","set","set-"]·FR["il-a-placé","nom","placer","son-nom","établir"]·heb["שימו","שם","שמו","שמת"]·HI["जारी-किया","जारी-किया-है","दिया","दिया-है","दो","रखा","रखा-है","रखा-है-तूने"]·ID["keluarkanlah","memberi","menaruh","menetapkan","mengeluarkan"]·IT["il-suo-nome","là","nome","stabilire"]·jav["damelaken","dhateng-panjenengan","dhawuh","maringi","maringi-","netepaken","nggatosaken","ngrumaosi","sampun-maringi"]·KO["내렸다","놓아라","놓았다","두었나이다","두었더니","두지","지었음이라-"]·PT["colocai","deram","deu","emiti","emitiu","fez","puseste","pôs","pôs-"]·RU["дайте","дал","дал-","обратил","положил","положили","поставил"]·ES["dad","ha-puesto","he-puesto","pusieron","pusiste","puso"]·SW["akaweka","alimwita-","alitoa","aliwapa","nimetoa","toeni","ulitoa","weka"]·TR["koydu","koydu-","koydular","koydun","verdi","verdim","verin"]·urd["دو","رکھا","رکھا-","رکھتے","لگایا","ڑالا-تو-نے","کرتا"]
2. be placed, be set (Nifal) — The Nifal passive: to be placed, set, or issued. Decrees 'are made,' funds 'are set' aside, and permissions 'are given.' Ezra 4:19 reports that 'a decree was issued' to search the archives, and Ezra 6:11 warns of punishment if the decree 'is violated.' Spanish 'fue puesto/fue puesta' and German 'setzen' in passive contexts track the same grammatical transformation from active placement to passive reception. 10×
AR["صَدَرَ","وَ-وُضِعَ","وُضِعَ","يُوضَعُ"]·ben["এবং-রাখা-হল","দেওয়া-হয়েছিল","দেওয়া-হয়েছে","দেওয়া-হল","রাখা-হয়েছে","রাখা-হল"]·DE["setzen","setzte","und-setzen"]·EN["and-was-laid","is-made","placed","set","was-made"]·FR["et-placer","placer","établir"]·heb["הונח","הושם","ו-הונחה","שים"]·HI["और-रखा-गया","जारी-किया-था","जारी-किया-है","दिया-आदेश","रखा-गया","रखा-गया-है"]·ID["dan-ditaruh","dikeluarkan","ditetapkan"]·IT["e-stabilire","stabilire"]·jav["dipun-damel","dipun-pasang","dipundamel","griya","lan-dipunsèlèhaken","maringi"]·KO["그리고-놓였더니","내려진","내렸다","놓여졌다"]·PT["e-foi-posta","foi-dado","foi-emitido","foi-posto","posto","é-dado"]·RU["дан","даю","и-положили","поставлен"]·ES["fue-puesta","fue-puesto","ha-sido-puesto","se-pone","y-fue-puesta"]·SW["ilitolewa","imetolewa","na-likawekwa","nilitoa","nimetoa"]·TR["konuldu","ve-konuldu","verildi","verilmis"]·urd["اور-رکھا-گیا","حکم","دیا-گیا","رکھا","صادر-ہوتا-ہے","ڈالا-گیا"]
3. be placed, be made (Hitpael) — The Hitpael medio-passive, expressing the process of being placed or established with reflexive nuance. In Daniel 2:5, the king's word 'is issued' (irrevocably set forth), and in Ezra 5:8, the work 'is being done' (literally 'being placed/carried out'). This stem adds procedural emphasis—something is in the act of being established—distinguishing it from the simple Nifal result state. 3×
AR["تُجْعَلُ","يُصْدَرُ","يُوضَع"]·ben["করা-হবে","দেওয়া-হয়","রাখা-হচ্ছে"]·DE["[יתשם]","[מתשם]","setzen"]·EN["being-placed","is-made","will-be-made"]·FR["placer","établir"]·heb["יושמו","יתשם","מתשם"]·HI["किए-जाएंगे","दिया-जाए","रखी-जा-रही-है"]·ID["akan-dijadikan","dikeluarkan","ditempatkan"]·IT["stabilire"]·jav["badhe-dipun-damel","dipun-damel","ing-tembok"]·KO["놓여지라","놓여진다","될-것이다"]·PT["está-sendo-colocada","seja-posto","serão-feitas"]·RU["будут-сделаны","кладётся","не-будет-дан"]·ES["puesta","sea-dada.","serán-convertidas"]·SW["itatolewa","zinawekwa","zitafanywa"]·TR["konuluyor","verilsin","yapılacak"]·urd["بنائے-جائیں-گے","دیا-جائے","رکھی-جاتی-ہے"]
4. appoint, make someone as — A Qal usage with a personal object: to appoint or constitute someone to a role. Ezra 5:14 records that Cyrus 'appointed' Sheshbazzar as governor. Spanish 'puso' (he placed/appointed) and French 'établir' both handle this personnel sense naturally, showing how the physical metaphor of 'setting' someone in place extends to formal investiture in office. 1×
AR["جَعَلَهُ"]·ben["নিযুক্ত-করা-হয়েছিল"]·DE["[שמה]"]·EN["appointed"]·FR["établir"]·heb["שמה-ו"]·HI["उसने-बनाया-था"]·ID["diangkatnya"]·IT["stabilire"]·KO["세웠다-그-를"]·PT["o-nomeou"]·RU["поставил-его"]·ES["puso."]·SW["alimweka"]·TR["atamisti-onu"]·urd["مقرر-کیا-اُسے"]
Related Senses
H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H0776 1. land, country, territory (2323×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)H8033 1. There (locative adverb) (835×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
[שׂוּם], שִׂים vb. set, make (v. BH; for Pers. infl. on usage cf. Scheft65);— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. שָׂם Ezr 5:3 +, sf. שָׂמֵהּ 5:14; 2 ms. שַׂ֫מְתָּ Dn 3:10; 1 s. שָׂ֫מֶת טְעֵם Ezr 6:12; 3 mpl. שָׂמוּ Dn 3:12; Imv. mpl. שִׂ֫ימוּ Ezr 4:21;— 1. make, acc. טְעֵם = make decree Dn 3:10; Ezr 6:1, 12, + vb. fin. v 3, + inf. 4:21; 5:13 and (c. ל pers.) v 3, 9. 2. make, appoint, one’s name Dn 5:12 (2 acc.), one…