H7323 H7323
To run, move swiftly; as participle: runner, royal guard (bodyguard corps); causative: to chase, rush someone
A verb of vigorous physical movement, ruts conveys the energy of running toward a goal or fleeing from danger. Abraham ran to meet the three visitors at Mamre (Gen 18:2, 7), and messengers ran between battlefields and thrones. Notably, the participle harratsim became a fixed term for the royal bodyguard who served as sentries and executioners under Israelite and Judahite kings (1 Kgs 14:27-28; 2 Kgs 10:25). In the Persian period, the same participial form designated royal couriers dispatched across the empire (Esth 3:13-15). The Hifil causative extends the root to mean 'cause to run' — chasing an enemy or rushing someone to a destination, as when Joseph was hurried from prison to Pharaoh's court (Gen 41:14).
4. Hifil: cause to run, chase away — The Hifil causative stem meaning to make someone run — either chasing them away in pursuit or rushing them urgently to a destination. Genesis 41:14 uses this when Joseph is hurried from the dungeon to appear before Pharaoh; 2 Chronicles 35:13 describes Levites rushing portions to the people. The seven occurrences split between hostile chase (Jer 49:19; Ps 68:31) and urgent dispatch. 7×
AR["أُركِضُهُ","تُسْرِعُ","فَجْأَةً","وَ-أَسْرَعُوا","وَ-أَسْرَعُوهُ","وَ-أَسْرِعْ"]·ben["(আমি-তাদের-তাড়িয়ে-দেব)","[আমি-তাদের-তাড়িয়ে-দেব]","আমি-তাদের-তাড়িয়ে-দেব","আর-তাড়াতাড়ি-করালেন-তাকে-তারা","এবং-দৌড়াও","ও-তারা-তাড়াতাড়ি-নিয়ে-গেল","তাড়াতাড়ি-বাড়িয়ে-দেবে"]·DE["laufen","lief","und-holten-ihn-eilends","und-laufe","und-laufen"]·EN["(I-will-chase-them)","I-will-chase-him","[ketiv:I-will-chase-them]","and-run","and-they-carried-quickly","and-they-hurried-him","will-stretch-out"]·FR["courir","et-coureur","et-cours","et-ils-hurried-lui"]·heb["אריצם","אריצנו","ו-הרץ","ו-יריצהו-ו","ו-יריצו","תריץ"]·HI["और-उन्होंने-दौड़ाया","और-दौड़ाया-उसे","और-दौरध-ज","मैं-भगाऊंगा-उन्हें","मैं-भगाऊंगा-उसे"]·ID["Aku-akan-mengusir-mereka","Aku-akan-mengusirnya","[Aku-akan-mengusir-mereka]","dan-bawalah-cepat","dan-membawa-cepat","dan-mereka-segera-membawa-dia","mengulurkan"]·IT["correre","corse","e-corri","e-corridore","e-essi-hurried-lui"]·jav["Ingsun-nundhung-piyambakipun","[k]","badhé-ngacungaken","lan-sami-ngénggalaken","lan-énggal","lan-énggal-mbekta"]·KO["(내가-쫓아내리라-그들을)","[내가-쫓아내리라-그들을]","그리고-그들이-달려갔다","그리고-급히데려왔다","그리고-달려가라","내가-쫓아내리라-그를","믭으리이다"]·PT["(fá-lo-ei-correr)","[fá-lo-ei-correr]","apressará","e-apressaram-o","e-corre","e-levaram-depressa","fá-lo-ei-correr"]·RU["[прогоню-их]","и-беги","и-вывели-его-быстро","и-поспешно-разносили","поспешит","прогоню-его"]·ES["[kethiv]","correrá","e-hicieron-correr","lo-haré-huir","los-haré-huir","y-corre","y-lo-sacaron-corriendo"]·SW["[nitawakimbiza]","itanyoosha","na-ukimbie","na-wakamkimbiza","nitamkimbiza","nitawakimbiza","wayaּriytswּ"]·TR["[’rvtsm]","koşacak","koşturacağım-onları","koşturacağım-onu","ve-koş","ve-koşturdular","ve-koşturdular-onu"]·urd["[بھگاؤں-گا]","اور-دوڑ-کر-جا","اور-دوڑایا-اسے","اور-دوڑے","بھگاؤں-گا-اُنہیں","تیزی-سے-پھیلائے-گا","میں-اُنہیں-بھگاؤں-گا"]
▼ 5 more senses below
Senses
1. Qal: run, move swiftly — The core Qal sense of physical running or swift movement on foot — appearing in all finite forms, infinitives, and imperatives across 63 occurrences. Arabic rakada, Korean dallida, and Swahili -kimbia all map uniformly to this sense. Abraham's double running in Genesis 18 (to the visitors, then to the herd) epitomizes the hospitality urgency this verb often carries. 63×
AR["فَرَكَضَ","فَرَكَضَتِ","فَرَكَضَتْ","فَـ-رَكَضَ","وَ-رَكَضَ","وَ-رَكَضَت","وَرَكَضَتْ"]·ben["আর-দৌড়াল","আর-দৌড়ালেন","এবং-দৌড়াল","এবং-দৌড়ালেন","এবং-সে-দৌড়াল"]·DE["und-er-lief","und-lief","und-ran"]·EN["and-he-ran","and-ran"]·FR["et-courut","et-il-courut","et-ran"]·heb["ו-ירץ","ו-רץ","ו-רצה","ו-תרץ"]·HI["और-दौअद","और-दौड़ा","और-दौड़ी","और-दौरहअ"]·ID["Dan-berlarilah","dan-berlari","dan-berlari-lah","dan-berlarilah","dan-dia-berlari"]·IT["e-corse","e-egli-corse","e-ran"]·jav["Lan-mlayu","Lan-piyambakipun-mlayu","Lan-Ésau-mlayu","lan-mlajar","lan-mlayu","lan-piyambakipun-mlayu"]·KO["그리고-달려갔다","그리고-달렸다"]·PT["E-correu","e-correu","§ E-correu","¶ E-correu"]·RU["И-побежал","И-побежала","и-побежал","и-побежала"]·ES["Y-corrió","y-corrió"]·SW["Esau","Na-akakimbia","na-akakimbia","na-wakakimbia"]·TR["Ve-koştu","ve-koştu"]·urd["اور-بھاگا","اور-دوڑا","اور-دوڑی"]
2. Qal participle: royal guard — A specialized substantivized participle harratsim designating the king's bodyguard corps — runners who served as royal executioners, sentries, and shield-bearers (1 Sam 22:17; 1 Kgs 14:27-28; 2 Kgs 10:25; 2 Chr 12:10-11). The translation evidence is telling: Spanish and German render 'corredores / runners' while English shifts to 'guards,' revealing the semantic drift from physical running to military office. 17×
AR["السُّعاةُ","السُّعاةِ","السُّعَاةُ","السُّعَاةِ","لِـ-الحُرَّاسِ","لِلسُّعَاةِ","وَٱلسُّعَاةِ","ٱلسُّعَاةَ","ٱلسُّعَاةُ","ٱلسُّعَاةِ"]·ben["অঙ্গরক্ষকদের","অঙ্গরক্ষকেরা","এবং-দৌড়বাজদের","দৌড়বাজদের","দৌড়বাজরা","দৌড়বাজেরা","দৌড়িদের","দৌড়িরা","রক্ষণাবেক্ষণকারীদের","রক্ষীদের"]·DE["der-guards","der-runners","laufen","und-von-der-runners","zu-der-guards","zu-der-runners"]·EN["and-of-the-runners","the-guards","the-runners","to-the-guards","to-the-runners"]·FR["et-de-le-coureurs","le-coureurs","le-gardes","les-coureurs","à-le-coureurs","à-le-gardes"]·heb["ה-רצים","ו-ל-רצים","ל-ה-רצים","ל-רצים"]·HI["और-लर्रात्सीम-को","का-दौड़नेवाले","दौड़ने-वाले","दौड़ने-वालों-के","दौड़नेवाले","दौधने-वलोम-से","राज","लराचीम","हराचीम","हर्रात्सीन-की","हर्रात्सीम","हर्रात्सीम-के"]·ID["-para-pengawal","dan-dari-para-pengawal","kepada-para-pengawal","para-utusan","pengawal","pengawal-","yang-menjaga"]·IT["a-il-corridori","a-il-guardie","e-di-il-corridori","i-corridori","il-corridori","il-guardie"]·jav["dhateng-para-juru-jaga","dhateng-para-juru-jagi","lan-para-juru-jagi","para-jagi","para-juru-jagi","para-prajurit-jagi","para-utusan","prajurit-jagi"]·KO["~에게-호위병들","경호원들에게","그-경비병들-의","그-경비병들-이","그-호위병의","그-호위병이","그리고-친위대원들의","친위대원들과","친위대원들의","친위대원들이","호위병들이"]·PT["aos-corredores","e-dos-corredores","os-corredores"]·RU["и-к-скороходам","скороходам","скороходов","скороходы","стражам"]·ES["a-los-corredores","los-corredores","y-de-los-corredores"]·SW["haratsiym","kwa-walinzi","na-walinzi","walinzi"]·TR["-muhafızlara","koşucular","koşucular-o","koşuculara","koşucuları","koşucuların","koşucuların-o","muhafızlar","muhafızların","ulaklar","ve-koşucuların"]·urd["اور-دوڑوں","دوڑ","دوڑنے-والوں-سے","دوڑنے-والوں-نے","دوڑنے-والوں-کو","دوڑنے-والوں-کے","دوڑنے-والے","دوڑوں","دوڑوں-کے","دوڑے","قاصد"]
3. Qal participle: runner — The active participle used as a verbal adjective or generic substantive for 'one who runs, a runner' — distinct from the technical military sense. In the narrative of Absalom's revolt, the watchman identifies approaching runners by their gait (2 Sam 18:24-27). Arabic raakid and Korean dallineun ja preserve the literal participial force without the institutional overlay. 12×
AR["الرَّاكِضِينَ","راكِضًا","راكِضٌ","رَاكِضًا","رَاكِضُونَ","عَدَّاءً","عَدَّاءٌ","عَدّاءينَ","عَدّاءٍ","يَرْكُضُونَ"]·ben["-দৌড়াচ্ছে","দৌড়ছে","দৌড়বিদ","দৌড়বিদের","দৌড়াও","দৌড়াচ্ছ","দৌড়াচ্ছে","দৌড়ানো","দৌড়ানোর"]·DE["Laeufer","laufen","laufend","runners"]·EN["runner","runners","running","the-running"]·FR["courant","coureurs","courir","les-coureurs"]·heb["ה-רצים","רץ","רצים"]·HI["दौड़ता-हुआ","दौड़ता-है","दौड़ते","दौड़ते-हो","दौड़तोंकी","दौड़ने-वाले","दौड़ने-वाले-से","दौड़नेवाला","दौड़नेवाले","दौड़नेवाले-से"]·ID["berlari","orang-berlari","pelari","yang-berlari"]·IT["correndo","correre","corridori","i-corridori"]·jav["ingkang-mlayu","kang-mlayu","mlayu","pelari","tiyang-mlayu"]·KO["그-달리는","달리는","달리는-자","달리는-자-를","달리는-자가","달리는-자들을","달리는-자를","달린다","뛰는-자들이","뛰는다"]·PT["Corredor","corredor","corredores","correis","correndo","corres","os-que-corriam"]·RU["Гонец","бегущего","бегущий","бегущих","бежите","бежишь","гонец","гонцу"]·ES["corredores","correo","corriendo","corréis","los-que-corrían","un-corredor;"]·SW["Mkimbiaji","akikimbia","anakimbia","mbele-yake","mkimbiaji","mnakimbia","unakimbia","wakimbiaji","wakimbiao"]·TR["kosuyor","koşanlar","koşanların","koşucu","koşucuyu","koşuyor","koşuyorsun","koşuyorsunuz"]·urd["دوڑتا","دوڑتا-ہوا","دوڑتا-ہے","دوڑتے-ہو","دوڑنے-والا","دوڑنے-والوں","دوڑنے-والے","دوڑنے-والے-سے","دوڑنے-والے-کو"]
5. sense 5 — Royal couriers of the Persian postal system — the participial form applied to official messengers who carried royal edicts throughout the empire's provinces (Esth 3:13, 15; 8:10, 14). This specialized institutional sense is distinct from the earlier Israelite bodyguard usage; all four occurrences cluster in Esther, and the multilingual evidence (Spanish correos, English couriers) confirms the postal-dispatch meaning. 4×
AR["السُّعَاةُ","السُّعَاةِ"]·ben["-দূতদের","-দূতরা","-দৌড়বাজদের","-দৌড়বাজেরা"]·DE["Laeufer"]·EN["the-couriers"]·FR["les-coureurs"]·heb["ה-רצים"]·HI["दूत","दूतों-के","दौड़नेवालों-के"]·ID["para-pelari"]·IT["i-corridori"]·jav["Para-kurir","para-kurir"]·KO["그-급사들의","그-급사들이","그-배달자들의","그-배달자들이"]·PT["Os-correios","os-correios"]·RU["Гонцы","гонцов","гонцы"]·ES["Los-corredores","Los-correos","los-corredores","los-correos"]·SW["wa-wajumbe","wajumbe","ya-wajumbe"]·TR["ulaklar-","ulakların-"]·urd["قاصد","قاصدوں"]
6. sense 6 — A single occurrence in Nahum 2:4 describing chariots darting or rushing through the streets — extending the root's movement sense from human runners to vehicles. English 'they dart' and Spanish 'corren' capture the rapid, erratic motion of war chariots in the prophetic vision of Nineveh's fall. 1×
AR["تَرْكُضُ"]·ben["তারা-ছুটে-বেড়ায়"]·DE["Laeufer"]·EN["they-dart"]·FR["courir"]·heb["ירוצצו"]·HI["वे-दौड़ते-हैं"]·ID["mereka-berlarian."]·IT["correre"]·jav["mlajar"]·KO["달리도다"]·PT["correm"]·RU["бегают"]·ES["corren"]·SW["yanakimbia"]·TR["koşarlar"]·urd["دوڑتے-ہیں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† רוּץ vb. run (NH id. (rare); Ethiopic ሮጸ Zinj. Pf. 1 s. רצת; = Aramaic רְהַט; ܪܗܰܛ (WSG 47); cf. Assyrian râṣu, be helpful (i.e. run to help?));— Qal Pf. 3 ms. רָץ Gn 18:7; 2 ms. רַצְתָּה Je 12:5, etc.; Impf. יָרוּץ Hb 2:2 +, יָרֻץ Jb 16:14, וַיָּ֫רָץ Gn 18:2 +, וַיָּרֹ֑ץ 2 S 18:21; 1 s. sf. ארוצם Je 50:44 Kt (but רָצַץ" dir="rtl" >רצץ]; Imv. ms. רוּץ 2 S 18:23 2 K 4:26, רֻץ 1 S 20:36 Zc 2:8;…