קָדִים69 H6921
The east as a cardinal direction or boundary marker; also the scorching east wind (sirocco) from the desert, often an instrument of divine judgment.
In Hebrew geography, qadim points toward the sunrise — the direction of orientation, boundary-setting, and movement in the land. Ezekiel uses the locative form qadimah extensively for the eastern gate and tribal allotments (Ezek 11:1; 48:4). But qadim also names the dreaded sirocco, the hot dry wind off the Arabian desert that withers crops and wrecks ships. Pharaoh's dream of seven thin ears 'scorched by the east wind' (Gen 41:6) and God parting the sea with a ruach qadim (Exod 14:21) both invoke this powerful natural force. Spanish and French consistently distinguish 'este' (direction) from 'viento del este' (the wind itself).
Senses
1. east, eastward (direction) — The cardinal direction east, used for geographical orientation, territorial boundaries, and directional movement. Ezekiel employs it prolifically for the eastern gate of the temple and tribal land divisions (Ezek 11:1; 48:1-28). The locative suffix qadimah ('eastward') appears frequently in boundary descriptions. German 'Osten' and 'ostwarts,' Spanish 'este' and 'hacia el este,' French 'est' and 'vers l'est' all render this purely directional sense without atmospheric connotation. 59×
AR["الشَّرْقِ", "شَرقاً", "شَرْقًا", "شَرْقِيَّةً", "شَرْقِيَّةٍ"]·ben["পূর্বদিকে", "পূর্বে", "পূর্বের", "পূর্বের-দিকে"]·DE["Osten", "[קדימה]", "ostwarts"]·EN["east", "eastward"]·FR["est", "vers-l'est"]·heb["קדים", "קדימה", "קדמה"]·HI["पूर्व-की-ओर", "पूर्वी"]·ID["ke-depan,", "ke-timur", "timur"]·IT["est", "verso-est"]·jav["dhateng-wétan", "mangetan", "wétan"]·KO["동쪽으로", "동쪽의", "동풍을"]·PT["leste", "oriental", "oriente", "para-frente", "para-o-oriente", "para-oriente"]·RU["восточная", "восточной", "восточный", "восточным", "вперёд", "к-востоку", "на-восток"]·ES["este", "hacia-adelante", "hacia-el-este", "oriente"]·SW["kwa-nini", "mashariki", "wa-mashariki"]·TR["doğu", "doğuya"]·urd["آگے", "مشرق-کی-طرف", "پورب-کی"]
Exod 10:13, Exod 10:13, Exod 14:21, Ezek 11:1, Ezek 17:10, Ezek 19:12, Ezek 27:26, Ezek 40:10, Ezek 40:19, Ezek 40:22, Ezek 40:32, Ezek 40:44 (+38 more)
2. east wind (scorching desert wind) — The scorching desert wind blowing from the east, the biblical sirocco — an agent of destruction often wielded by God in judgment. It withers Pharaoh's grain (Gen 41:6, 23, 27), parts the Red Sea (Exod 14:21), and becomes a metaphor for emptiness in Job and Hosea (Job 15:2; Hos 12:2; 13:15). The multilingual evidence separates this neatly: Spanish 'viento del este,' French 'est-vent,' and English 'east wind' all mark the meteorological force distinct from mere compass direction. 10×
AR["الشَّرقيَّةَ", "الشَّرقُ", "الشَّرْقُ", "الشَّرْقِيَّةِ", "بِالشَّرْقِيَّةِ", "رِيحَ-الشَّرْقِ", "شَرقيَّةٌ", "شَرْقًا"]·ben["পূব-বাতাসে", "পূব-বাতাসের", "পূব-বায়ু-এর", "পূর্ব", "পূর্ব-বাতাস", "পূর্ব-বায়ু"]·DE["-", "[קדים]", "der-east-Wind"]·EN["east-wind", "in-the-day", "the-east-wind"]·FR["[קדים]", "est", "est-vent", "le-est-vent", "קדים"]·heb["ה-קדים", "קדים"]·HI["पूरवी-हवा", "पूरवी-हवा-से", "पूर्वी-हवा", "पूर्वी-हवा-के", "पूर्वी-हवा-से"]·ID["angin timur", "angin-timur", "timur"]·IT["[קדים]", "east-wind", "est", "est-vento", "il-est-vento", "vento-d'oriente"]·jav["angin-wetan", "angin-wétan", "wétan"]·KO["동쪽의", "동풍-을", "동풍에", "동풍으로", "동풍을", "동풍의", "동풍이"]·PT["leste", "o-vento-leste", "oriental", "vento-leste"]·RU["восточного-ветра", "восточный", "восточный-ветер", "восточным-ветром", "за-восточным"]·ES["de-viento-del-este", "el-viento-del-este", "viento-del-este"]·SW["kwa-upepo-wa-mashariki", "na-upepo-wa-mashariki", "upepo-wa-mashariki", "ya-upepo-wa-mashariki"]·TR["-doğu-rüzgarıyla", "dogu-ruzgarinin", "doğu-rüzgarı", "doğu-rüzgarını", "doğu-rüzgarıyla", "doğu-rüzgârı", "doğu-rüzgârını", "doğu-rüzgârıyla"]·urd["مشرقی ہوا", "مشرقی-ہوا-سے", "مشرقی-ہوا-کے", "پورب-کی-ہوا", "پوربی ہوا", "پوربی-ہوا", "پوربی-ہوا-کو"]
Related Senses
H8033 1. There (locative adverb) (835×)H7760a 1. put, place, set physically (444×)H8064 1. heavens / sky (329×)H5439 1. around, all around (spatial) (319×)H4057b 1. wilderness, desert region (270×)H3220 1. sea, body of water (269×)H0520a 1. cubit (unit of length) (246×)H0127 1. ground, land (territory) (210×)H3383 1. Jordan River (proper noun) (183×)G1093 1. earth, the world (176×)H5800a 1. forsake, abandon (Qal active) (166×)H8121 1. sun (celestial body) (133×)H7126 1. offer, present sacrificially (122×)H6828 1. north, cardinal direction (120×)H2351 1. outside, exterior space (119×)H5104 1. river, stream (119×)H7341 1. width, breadth (101×)G1563 1. there (95×)H7126 2. draw near, approach (95×)G2281 1. sea, large body of water (91×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
קָדִים69 n.m. Ho 13:15 East, east wind;—abs. ק׳ Gn 41:6 +; c. ה loc. קָדִ֫ימָה Ez 11:1 +, קָדִ֫מָה 48:4 +;— †1. (apart from Ez) East, especially רוּחַ (הַ)קּ׳ wind of the East, east wind, often as violent and scorching, from desert on SE., = Arabic sirocco (شرقية eastern), cf. Dr Am 4:9: Ex 10:13(×2) (JE), 14:21 (J), Je 18:17 (sim.), Jon 4:8 ψ 48:8; also ק׳ (רוּחַ om.) = east wind Gn 41:6, 23, 27…