H6586 H6586
To rebel, revolt against authority; to transgress divine law or covenant; as a substantive, a transgressor or rebel.
A verb of defiance at every level — political, covenantal, and moral. At its root, pasha describes the breaking of a vassal relationship: Moab 'rebelled' against Israel (2 Kgs 1:1; 3:5), and the northern tribes 'revolted' from the house of David (1 Kgs 12:19). But the prophets turn this political vocabulary toward the ultimate rebellion: Israel's transgression against God. Isaiah opens his prophecy with the charge 'I reared children and brought them up, but they have rebelled against me' (Isa 1:2). Spanish distinguishes between 'se rebelaron' (revolted) and 'transgredir' (transgress), while French uses both 'se rebeller' and 'transgression,' capturing the word's movement from political uprising to moral violation. The substantive 'transgressors' (posh'im) in Isaiah 1:28 and 53:12 names those whose rebellion defines their identity.
Senses
1. rebel, revolt against authority — To rise up in rebellion against a sovereign or political authority, refusing allegiance and breaking a vassal treaty. This is the concrete, historical sense: Moab 'rebelled' against Israel after Ahab's death (2 Kgs 1:1; 3:5, 7), and Edom 'revolted' from under Judah's hand (2 Kgs 8:20, 22). Spanish 'se rebelaron' and French 'se révolta' preserve the political flavor. Isaiah 1:2 bridges this into the theological realm — Israel as God's children who 'rebelled' (pash'u) against their divine sovereign. 18×
AR["تَمَرَّدَ","عَصى","عَصَتْ","عَصَوا","عَصَوْا","عَصَوْا-","عَصَى","فَعَصى","وَ-عَصَى","وَتَمَرَّدَ","وَعَصَى"]·ben["আর-বিদ্রোহ-করল","এবং-বিদ্রোহ-করল","ও-বিদ্রোহ-করলেন","বিদ্রোহ-করল","বিদ্রোহ-করেছিল-","বিদ্রোহ-করেছে","সীমালংঘন-করেছে","সীমালঙ্ঘন-করেছিল","সীমালঙ্ঘন-করেছে"]·DE["[פשעו]","hat-empoerte-sich","revolted","sich-auflehnen","sie-uebertrat-","und-empoerte-sich","und-revolted","und-sich-auflehnen"]·EN["and-rebelled","and-revolted","has-rebelled","have-transgressed","rebelled","revolted","they-have-rebelled","they-rebelled","they-transgressed-","transgressed"]·FR["a-se-rebella","et-se-rebella","et-se-révolta","et-se-révolter","ils-transgressa-","se-révolta","se-révolter"]·heb["ו-יפשע","ו-יפשעו","ו-פשע","וַ-יִּפְשְׁעוּ","פשע","פשעו","תפשע"]·HI["अपराध-किया","और-बागी-हुआ","और-विद्रोह-किया","और-विद्रोहकिया","तिप्शअ","पाशअ","वय्यिप्शअ","विद्रोह-किए","विद्रोह-किया","विद्रोह-किया-है","विद्रोहकिया"]·ID["Dan-memberontak","Lalu-memberontak","dan-memberontak","memberontak","mereka-melanggar-","mereka-memberontak","telah-memberontak"]·IT["e-ribellarsi","e-si-ribellò","e-si-rivoltò","essi-trasgredì-","ha-si-ribellò","ribellarsi","si-rivoltò"]·jav["Lan-mbalela","Lan-sami-mbalela","lan-mbalela","mbalela","nglanggar-","piyambakipun-mbalela","sami-mbalela","sami-nglanggar","sampun-mbalela","sampun-mbangkang"]·KO["그들이-반역한","그리고-반역하였다","그리고-반역했다","반역하였나이다-","반역하였느니라","반역하였다","반역하였도다","반역했다"]·PT["E-rebelaram-se","E-rebelou-se","E-revoltou-se","e-rebelou-se","rebelaram-se","rebelou-se","revoltou-se","transgrediram","¶ E-rebelaram"]·RU["восстал","восстали","и-восстал","и-восстали","и-отпал","отпал","отпала","отступили","преступили","преступили-","согрешили"]·ES["Y-se-rebelaron","Y-se-rebeló","se-ha-rebelado","se-rebelaron","se-rebeló","transgredieron"]·SW["Na-akaasi","aliasi","ameasi","iliasi","na-aliasi","na-uwape","na-wakaasi","waliasi","walinivunja","wameasi","wameniasi"]·TR["Ve-isyan-etti","Ve-isyan-ettiler","isyan-etti","isyan-ettiler","isyan-ettiler-","ve-isyan-etti","ve-isyan-ettiler"]·urd["اور-باغی-ہوئے","اور-بغاوت-کی","بغاوت-کی","بغاوت-کیے","خطا-کی"]
1 Kgs 8:50, 1 Kgs 12:19, 2 Kgs 1:1, 2 Kgs 3:5, 2 Kgs 3:7, 2 Kgs 8:20, 2 Kgs 8:22, 2 Kgs 8:22, 2 Chr 10:19, 2 Chr 21:8, 2 Chr 21:10, 2 Chr 21:10 (+6 more)
2. transgressor, rebel (substantive) — One who habitually rebels or transgresses, used as a substantive noun from the Qal participle to denote a class of persons defined by their rebellion. Isaiah 1:28 warns that 'transgressors and sinners shall be broken together,' and Isaiah 53:12 declares the Servant 'was numbered with the transgressors.' Spanish 'los transgresores' and French 'se révolter' reflect the persistent, characterizing force of the participle — not a single act but a settled disposition. 11×
AR["أَيُّهَا-الْعُصَاةُ","العُصَاةِ","المُذْنِبِينَ","الْعُصَاةِ","الْمُتَمَرِّدِينَ","وَ-لِـ-الْعُصَاةِ","وَ-مُتَمَرِّدٌ","وَالعاصونَ","وَالعُصاةُ","وَالْعُصَاةَ"]·ben["-এবং-অপরাধীদের-জন্য","-পাপীদের","অপরাধীদের","এবং-অপরাধী","এবং-অপরাধীরা","এবং-যারা-অপরাধ-করে","কিন্তু-সীমালঙ্ঘনকারীরা","বিদ্রোহীদের","যারা-সীমালঙ্ঘন-করেছে","হে-অপরাধীরা"]·DE["[ופשעים]","aber-transgressors","sich-auflehnen","transgressors","und-Vergehen","und-sich-auflehnen"]·EN["and-for-the-transgressors","and-the-transgressors","and-transgressor","and-transgressors","but-transgressors","the-ones-rebelling","the-transgressors","transgressors"]·FR["et-se-révolter","et-transgression","se-révolter"]·heb["ה-פושעים","ו-ה-פושעים","ו-ל-פושעים","ו-פושע","ו-פושעים","פושעים"]·HI["अपराधियों","अपराधियों-का","अपराधियों-को","अपराधियोंके-साथ","अपराधी","और-अपराधियों","और-अपराधियोंके-लिए","और-अपराधी","हे-अपराधियो"]·ID["-para-pemberontak","dan-bagi-pemberontak-pemberontak","dan-orang-orang-yang-melanggar","dan-pemberontak","orang-orang-berdosa","para-pemberontak","pemberontak-pemberontak","yang-memberontak"]·IT["e-ribellarsi","e-si-ribello'","ribellarsi","si-ribello'"]·jav["Nanging-tiyang-pambrontak","ingkang-dursila","kula","lan-ingkang-nglanggar","lan-kangge-tiyang-ingkang-mbalela","lan-tukang-mbangkang","nanging-tiyang-dursila","para-tiyang-ingkang-nerak","para-tukang-dosa","tiyang-dosa","tiyang-mbalela"]·KO["그러나-범하는-자들이","그리고-그-범하는-자들을","그리고-범죄자들-은","그리고-범죄자들을-위하여","그리고-범하는-자라","반역한","범죄자-들-에게","범죄자들-이","범죄자들과","범죄자들과-함께","범죄자들아"]·PT["Mas-os-transgressores","aos-transgressores","e-os-transgressores","e-pelos-transgressores","e-transgressor","e-transgressores","os-que-transgrediram","os-transgressores","transgressores"]·RU["hа-преступивших","а-отступники","а-преступники","и-за-преступников","и-преступающих","и-преступник","отступники","преступникам","преступники","преступников"]·ES["Y-los-transgresores","a-transgresores","los-que-se-rebelaron","los-transgresores","pero-los-transgresores","rebeldes","transgresores","y-los-transgresores","y-por-los-transgresores","y-transgresor"]·SW["Lakini-waasi","na-kwa-wakosaji","na-mwasi","na-waasi","na-wanaokosea","waasi","wakosaji","walioasi"]·TR["Ve-isyankarlar","isyan-edenlerin","isyancıların","isyankarlar","isyankarlara","isyankarlarla","ve-başkaldıranları","ve-isyankar","ve-isyankarlar-icin","ve-isyankârlar"]·urd["اور-باغی","اور-خطاکار","اور-خطاکاروں-کے-لیے","اور-سرکشوں-کو","اے-خطاکارو","باغیوں-کی","خطاکاروں","سرکش-کرنے-والے","سرکشوں-کے","لیکن-خطاکار","گنہگاروں-کو"]
3. transgress, break covenant or law — To violate, overstep, or break a divine law, covenant stipulation, or moral boundary, emphasizing the offense itself rather than political defiance. Jeremiah 2:29 asks 'Why do you contend with me? You have all transgressed against me,' and Isaiah 59:13 pairs it with 'speaking oppression and revolt.' Spanish distinguishes this as 'transgredir' and 'pecar,' while German 'Vergehen' (offense) captures the legal-moral weight. Ezra 10:13 extends it to covenant violation in the post-exilic community. 11×
AR["المَعْصِيَةَ","عَصَوْا","عَصَيْتُمْ","عَصَيْتِ","عَصَيْنَا","عِصْيَانٌ","مِنَ-الْعِصْيَانِ","وَ-اعْصوا","يَتَعَدَّى-"]·ben["অপরাধ-করতে","অপরাধ-করা","অপরাধ-করেছ","অপরাধ-করেছি","অপরাধ-করেছিলে","এবং-অপরাধ-কর","পাপ-করবে-","সীমালঙ্ঘন-করেছ","সীমালঙ্ঘন-করেছে"]·DE["Vergehen","[ופשעו]","[יפשע]","[לפשע]","[פשענו]","[פשעת]","sich-auflehnen"]·EN["Transgressing","and-transgress","have-transgressed","they-transgressed","to-transgress","will-transgress","you-have-rebelled","you-transgressed"]·FR["et-se-révolter","se-révolter","transgression","יפשע"]·heb["וּ-פשעוּ","יפשע-","ל-פשוֹע","ל-פשע","פושע","פשעו","פשענו","פשעת","פשעתם"]·HI["अपराध-करना","अपराध-करे-","अपराध-किया","अपराध-किया-तुमने","अपराध-किया-तूने","अपराध-किया-है","उन्होंने-अपराध-किया","और-पाप-करो","तूने-अपराध-किया","पाप-करना"]·ID["Memberontak","berbuat-salah","dan-berlakulah-fasik","kamu-melanggar","kamu-memberontak","memberontak","telah-melanggar","telah-memberontak","untuk-berlaku-fasik","untuk-melanggar"]·IT["e-ribellarsi","ribellarsi","will-transgress"]·jav["Dursila","Panjenenganipun-nglawan","lan-sami-dosa","nglanggar","panjenengan-mbalela","panjenengan-nglanggar","sami-dosa","sami-mbalela","sampun-dosa"]·KO["거역하기를","그리고-범죄하라","너희가-범죄한","반역했다","범죄를-저지르다","범죄한","범하고","범했네","범했다","에-범하기를"]·PT["Transgredir","e-transgredi","para-transgredir","transgredimos","transgredir","transgrediram","transgredirá-","transgrediste","transgredistes"]·RU["восстали","грешила-ты","и-преступайте","преступали","преступать","преступления","согрешать","согрешила-ты","согрешили","согрешит-"]·ES["Transgredir","el-pecar","el-transgredir","os-rebelasteis","te-rebelaste","transgredieron","transgredimos","transgredirá-","transgredisteis","y-pequen"]·SW["atakosa-","kuasi","kukosa","mlitenda","mmeasi","na-mkose","tumeasi","umeasi","wamekosa"]·TR["Isyan-etme","aşağı","gunah-islemek","günah-işlediler","günah-işlemeyi","isyan-ettik","isyan-ettin","isyan-ettiniz","suç-işler-","ve-günah-işleyin"]·urd["اور-گناہ-کرو","بغاوت-کرنا","بغاوت-کی","بغاوت-کی-تُو","تم-نے-کیے","خطا-کرتے-رہے","گناہ","گناہ-کرنے-میں","گناہ-کرے-گا","گناہ-کیا"]
4. be transgressed against (Nifal) — To be transgressed against, offended, or wronged — the Niphil passive, indicating the one who suffers the offense rather than the one who commits it. Occurring only in Proverbs 18:19, where 'a brother offended (niphsha) is harder to be won than a strong city.' This rare passive transforms the verb's perspective: the focus shifts from the rebel to the wounded party. Spanish 'ofendido' and English 'offended' capture the relational rupture. 1×
AR["مَعْصيٌّ"]·ben["অপরাধী"]·DE["[נפשע]"]·EN["offended"]·FR["נפשע"]·heb["נפשע"]·HI["अपराधी"]·ID["yang-tersinggung"]·IT["offended"]·jav["kang-dipunsalahi"]·KO["범죄-당한"]·PT["ofendido"]·RU["обиженный"]·ES["ofendido"]·SW["aliyekosewa"]·TR["kırılmış"]·urd["خطاکار"]
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)H6664 1. righteousness, justice (116×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† פָּשַׁע vb. rebel, transgress (NH id.; Syriac ܦܫܰܥ is be terrified, ܦܫܺܝܥܳܐ tepid, insipid);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 K 3:7 +, 2 fs. פָּשַׁ֫עַתְּ Zp 3:11; פָּשָׁ֑עַתְּ Je 3:13, etc.; Impf. יִפְשַׁע Pr 28:21 + 8 times Impf.; Imv. mpl. פִּשְׁעוּ Am 4:4; Inf. abs. פָּשֹׁעַ Is 59:13; cstr. פְּשֹׁעַ Am 4:4; Ez 10:13; Pt. פֹּשֵׁעַ Is 48:8; פֹּשְׁעִים Is 1:28 +, etc.;— 1. rebel, revolt, of nations, c. בְּ…