Transgression and Trespass

† פֶּ֫שַׁע n.m. ψ 19:14 transgression;—abs. פ׳ Ex 22:8 +, פָּ֑שַׁע Pr 10:19 +; cstr. פֶּשַׁע Gn 50:17 +; sf. פִּשְׁעִי Gn 31:36 + 14 times sfs.; pl. פְּשָׁעִים Pr 10:12; cstr. פִּשְׁעֵי Am 1:3 +, etc.;— 1. transgression against individuals Gn 31:36; 50:17(×2); Ex 22:8 (E), 1 S 24:12; 25:28; Pr 10:19; 17:19; 28:24; 29:6, 16, 22; פ׳ שְׂפָתַיִם 12:13; על כל־פשׁעים תְּכַסֶּה אַהֲבָה 10:12, cf. 17:9; 19:11; 28:13. 2. of nation, against nation: Am 1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 2:1; of land Pr 28:2. Elsewh. 3. against God: a. in gen., ‖ חטאת Is 58:1; 59:12; Mi 1:5(×2), 13; 3:8 Am 5:12; ‖ עון Ez 21:29 ψ 107:17; עשׂה פ׳ Ez 18:22, 28; ביום פ׳ 33:12; רַבּוּ פ׳ Is 59:12; Jb 35:6; Je 5:6 (?); יֹסִיף על חטאתו פ׳ Jb 34:37 he addeth transgression unto his sin; יִלְדֵי פ׳ Is 57:4; personified as evil spirit, נאם פשׁע ψ 36:2. b. as recognized by by sinner; he knows it ψ 51:5, make known concerning it to י׳ 32:5, does not cover it (כסה) Jb 31:33; turns from it Is 59:20 Ez 18:30; casts it away from him Ez 18:31. c. God deals with it: by visiting it (פקד) Am 3:14 ψ 89:33, dealing with one according to it, עשׂה כ Ez 39:24, making it known to sinner Jb 13:23; 36:9; punishing in various ways: מִפּ׳ because of it Is 53:5, 8; c. על, according to it Am 2:4, 6 La 1:5, 22; for it, c. ב Is 50:1; עֹל פ׳ La 1:14 yoke of transgression; personified, וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד פ׳ Jb 8:4; he does not grant forgiveness to it, לֹא נשׂא ל׳ Ex 23:21 Jos 24:19 (E). d. God forgives (נשׂא) it Ex 34:7 Nu 14:18 (J), Jb 7:21, cf. ψ 32:1; pardons (סלח) 1 K 8:50; passes over (עבר על, cf. Pr 19:11) Mi 7:18; removes (הרחיק) ψ 103:12; covers over (כפר) 65:4;—cf. (of priest) וְכִפֶּר עַל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִפ׳ Lv 16:16, and confession of פ׳ over (על) goat v 21;—God blots out (מחה) Is 43:25; 44:22 ψ 51:3; וּפ׳ אַל־תִּזְכֹּר 25:7; delivers from, הציל מן 39:9.—Jb 35:15 read פֶּשַׁע for פַשׁ q.v. 4. guilt of transgression (cf. עון 2), בְּלִי פ׳ without (guilt of) transgression Jb 33:9; 34:6; לא פ׳ ψ 59:4; פ׳ עלינו Ez 33:10; כבד עליה פ׳ Is 24:20; בְּרֹב פ׳ ψ 5:11; נקיתי מפ׳ 19:14; יִטַּמְּאוּ בְּכָל־פ׳ defile themselves with all (the guilt of) their transgressions Ez 14:11; 37:23; חָתֻם בִּצְרוֹר פ׳ Jb 14:17. 5. punishment for transgression, Dn 8:12, 13; 9:24, cf. עוּן" dir="rtl" >עון 3. 6. offering for transgression, האתן בכורי פשׁעי Mi 6:7 shall I give my first-born as an offering for my transgression (cf. חטאת 4).

† פָּשַׁע vb. rebel, transgress (NH id.; Syriac ܦܫܰܥ is be terrified, ܦܫܺܝܥܳܐ tepid, insipid);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 K 3:7 +, 2 fs. פָּשַׁ֫עַתְּ Zp 3:11; פָּשָׁ֑עַתְּ Je 3:13, etc.; Impf. יִפְשַׁע Pr 28:21 + 8 times Impf.; Imv. mpl. פִּשְׁעוּ Am 4:4; Inf. abs. פָּשֹׁעַ Is 59:13; cstr. פְּשֹׁעַ Am 4:4; Ez 10:13; Pt. פֹּשֵׁעַ Is 48:8; פֹּשְׁעִים Is 1:28 +, etc.;— 1. rebel, revolt, of nations, c. בְּ against, 1 K 12:19; 2 K 1:1; 3:5, 7; 2 Ch 10:19; abs. 2 K 8:22, מִתַּחַת יַד v 20, 22 2 Ch 21:8, 10(×2); פָּֽשְׁעוּ בִי Is 1:2 (Isr. under fig. of י׳’s sons). 2. transgress against God, abs. Is 1:28; 46:8; 48:8; 53:12(×2) Ho 14:10; Am 4:4(×2); La 3:42 Dn 8:23 ψ 37:38; 51:15, for (עַל) a bit of bread Pr 28:21; בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezr 10:13 in this thing; עַל תּוֹרָתִי Ho 8:1; elsewhere c. בְּ against God: פ׳ ב׳ Is 43:27; 59:13; 66:24; Je 2:8, 29; 3:13; 33:8; Ez 2:3; 20:38; Ho 7:13; פְּשָׁעִים אשׁר פ׳ ב 1 K 8:50; Ez 18:31; עלילות אשׁר פ׳ ב Zp 3:11. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. אָח נִפְשַׁע (van d. H. Pt. נִפְשָׁע) a brother (who has been) offended Pr 18:19, but very dubious, cf. Toy.

† מָעַל vb. act unfaithfully, treacherously, a priestly word (P Ez. Ch.), chiefly late (NH id., act unfaithfully; Arabic مَغَلَ whisper, backbite, مَغَالَةٌ perfidy, fraud);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מָעַל Jos 22:20 + 4 times; 3 fs. מָֽעֲלָה Lv 5:21 Nu 5:12 + 13 times Pf.; Impf. יִמְעַל Pr 16:10 2 Ch 26:16; 3 fs. תִּמְעֹל Lv 5:15 Nu 5:27; 3 mpl. יִמְעֲלוּ Jos 7:1, וַיִּמְעֲלוּ 1 Ch 5:25; 2 mpl. תִּמְעָ֑לוּ Ne 1:8; Inf. cstr. לִמְעֹל, so read for ℌ למסר Nu 31:16 Thes Di;—act unfaithfully, treacherously, usually 1. מָעַל מַ֫עַל: a. abs. בַּחֵרֶם in the matter of the devoted thing (the sin of Achan) Jos 7:1 (JE), 22:20 (P), cf. Lv 5:15 (P), 2 Ch 36:14 Ez 14:13; 15:8; 18:24. b. wife against (בְּ) husband Nu 5:12, 27 (P; marital infidelity). c. elsewhere ag. (בְּ) God, Lv 26:40 (H), 5:21 Nu 5:6; 31:16 (?) Jos 22:16, 31 (all P), 1 Ch 10:13 2 Ch 28:19 Ez 17:20; 20:27; 39:26 Dn 9:7. 2. usage without מַעַל (only late): a. במשׁפט לא ימעל פיו Pr 16:10 let not his (the king’s) mouth act treacherously against justice (RV in judgment). b. elsewhere against God, c. בְּ, Dt 32:51 (P), 1 Ch 5:25 2 Ch 12:3; 26:16; 28:22; 30:7 Ezr 10:2 Ne 13:27 Ez 39:23; without בְּ, 2 Ch 26:18; 29:6 Ezr 10:10 Ne 1:8; בַּהֵרֶם 1 Ch 2:7.

† חֵטְא n.m. Dt 15:9 sin (on format. v. LagBN 142)—ח׳ Lv 19:17 + 15 times; sf. חֶטְאוֹ Lv 24:15 + 5 times, חֲטָאָו֯ La 3:39, חֶטְאָם Lv 20:20; pl. חֲטָאִים Ec 10:4; cstr. חֲטָאֵי 2 K 10:29 Ez 23:49; sf. חֲטָאַי Gn 41:9, חֲטָאָ֑י Is 38:17 ψ 51:11, חֲטָאֵינוּ Dn 9:16 ψ 103:10, חֲטָאֵיכֶם Is 1:18;— 1. sin: a. against man Gn 41:9 (E) Ec 10:4. b. elsewhere ag. God, abs. Is 31:7 Ho 12:9; ח׳ חָטָא La 1:8 cf. Dt 19:15 2 K 10:29; ח׳ משׁפט מות sin worthy of death Dt 21:22 = ח׳ מות 22:26; with בְּ, because of, Dn 9:16; God is entreated: hide thy face from my sins ψ 51:11; and it is said in faith, thou wilt cast behind thy back all my sins Is 38:17. 2. guilt of sin: היה חטא ב sin (the guilt of sin) come on one Dt 15:9; 23:22, 23; 24:15; בחטאו מת in his sin (guilt) die Nu 27:3 (P); אישׁ בחטאו each for his own sin Dt 24:16 + 2 K 14:16 + 2 Ch 25:4; בחטא יחמתני אמי ψ 51:7 in sin (condition of sin and guilt) my mother conceived me; אם חטאיכם כשׁנים Is 1:18 though your sins be like scarlet(in guilt); לא כחטאינו עשׂה לנו ψ 103:10 not according to our sins (their guilt) hath he done to us. 3. punishment for sin: נשׂא ח׳ bear sin (its punishment) Lv 20:20; 24:15 (H), Nu 9:13; 18:22 (P); with עַל, bear sin because of Lv 19:17; 22:9 (H) Nu 18:32 (P); bear sins of idols (in worshipping idols) Ez 23:49; the ideal servant of Yahweh bore the sins of many Is 53:12; without נשׂא, only La 3:39 גבר על חטאו (wherefore doth) a man (complain) for the punishment of his sin?

† I. מַ֫עַל n.m. Ezr 9:2 unfaithful, treacherous act (NH מְעִילָה);—מ׳ Lv 5:15 + 16 times; מָ֑עַל Nu 5:12 + 2 times; sf. מַעֲלוֹ Ez 17:20 + 4 times; מַעֲלָם Ez 39:26 + 3 times;— 1. ag. man: נשׁאר מעל Jb 21:34 faithlessness remains (cf. Nu 5:12, 27 Pr 16:10 under מָעַל). 2. elsewhere ag. God, c. בְּ, Jos 22:22 (P); without בְּ, 1 Ch 9:1 2 Ch 29:19; 33:19 Ezr 9:2, 4; 10:6.—מַעַל elsewhere only c. מָעַל q.v. (1; all cited).

παρά-πτωμα, ατος, τό, false step, slip, blunder, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 defeat, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 transgression, trespass, LXX+NT __4 error in amount of payments, Refs 2nd c.BC+

παρά-βᾰσις, Epic dialect παραίβ-, εως, ἡ, going aside, escape, παραίβασις ἔσσετ᾽ ὀλέθρου Refs 3rd c.BC+; deviation, variant in Refs 4th c.BC+; digression, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 of the action of walking, π. καὶ παράλλαξις σκελῶν Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 transition, passage, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II overstepping, ὅρων Refs 1st c.BC+: absolutely, transgression, LXX+NT+1st c.AD+; error, illusion, Refs 4th c.BC+; compare παραβασία. __III parabasis, a part of the Old Comedy, in which the Chorus came forward (compare παραβαίνω IV) and addressed the audience in the Poet's name, Refs 5th c.BC+

παρα-βάτης [βᾰ], poetry and early Attic dialect παραιβάτης Refs, ου, ὁ, (παραβαίνω I) one who stands beside: properly the warrior or combatant who stands beside the charioteer, ἂν δ᾽ ἔβαν ἐν δίφροισι παραιβάται ἡνίοχοί τε Refs 8th c.BC+; feminine παραιβάτις, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 light troops (velites) who ran beside the cavalry, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II (παραβαίνω II.1)transgressor, Refs 4th c.BC+ (Lyric poetry, in poetry form παρβάτης),NT+1st c.AD+

παρανομ-έω, imperfect παρενόμουν Refs 5th c.BC+: future -ήσωRefs 2nd c.AD+: aorist παρενόμησα Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect παρανενόμηκα Refs 4th c.BC+: pluperfect παρενενομήκεσαν Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, aorist παρενομήθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect παρανενόμημαι Refs 4th c.BC+; participle παρηνομημένος Refs 4th c.BC+:—transgress the law, actunlawfully, Refs 5th c.BC+; κοινῇτι πRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 commit a crime or outrage, τι Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὰ δημόσια act illegally in public matters, Refs —passive, κάθοδος παρανομηθεῖσα a return illegally procured, Refs __II passive, to be ill-used, Refs 4th c.BC+; εἰς τὸ σῶμα Refs 1st c.AD+; ἡ φύσις παρανομεῖται, ἡ συνήθεια παρανενόμηται, Refs