H6206 H6206
To tremble in terror or dread; causatively to terrify or strike with awe; passively to be feared or awesome.
This verb captures both sides of dread — the terror felt and the terror inflicted. Moses tells Israel 'do not be terrified' before the nations (Deut 7:21), while God rises 'to terrify the earth' (Isa 2:19). The root thus moves fluidly between subject and object of fear. Spanish distinguishes nicely: 'aterroricéis' (be terrified) for the intransitive dread, 'aterrorizar' (to terrorize) for the causative, and 'temido' (feared) for the passive. In its highest register, the Hifil and Nifal forms describe the holy awe surrounding God himself — 'greatly feared in the assembly of the holy ones' (Ps 89:7).
Senses
1. to dread, be terrified — To dread or be terrified: the intransitive experience of trembling before a threatening force. This is the most frequent sense, running through Deuteronomy's battle encouragements — 'do not dread them' (Deut 1:29; 7:21; 31:6) and Joshua's commissioning (Josh 1:9). Spanish 'aterroricéis' and French 'effrayer' consistently render the subject's own fear. 7×
AR["أَخَفتُ", "تَرتَعِبُوا", "تَرْتَعِبوا", "تَرْتَعِبُوا", "تَرْتَعِبْ"]·ben["আতঙ্কিত-হও", "তুমি-ভয়-পাবে", "তোমরা-কম্পিত-হও", "তোমরা-ভীত-হবে", "ভয়-করতাম", "ভয়-কোরো", "সন্ত্রস্ত-হও"]·DE["[אערוץ]", "[תעריצו]", "du-soll-Schrecken", "du-soll-sein-erschreckt", "sein-erschreckt"]·EN["I-feared", "be-terrified", "you-shall-be-terrified", "you-shall-dread", "you-will-dread"]·FR["effrayer", "sois-effrayé", "tu-devra-dread", "tu-devra-être-terrified", "être-terrified", "אערוץ"]·heb["אערוץ", "תערוץ", "תעריצו", "תערצו", "תערצון"]·HI["काँपेगा", "कांपो", "कांपोगे", "घबराओ", "डर", "डरता-था-मैं", "थरथराओ"]·ID["aku takut", "gemetar", "gentar", "kamu-gemetar", "kamu-gentar"]·IT["Io-feared", "essere-atterrito", "essere-terrified", "temere", "tu-dovra-dread", "tu-dovra-essere-atterrito"]·jav["ajrih", "giris", "gumeter", "kula-ajrih", "panjenengan-geter", "panjenengan-nggegirisi"]·KO["내가-두려워하였기에", "너희가-놀라지-마라", "두려워하지", "떨라", "떨리라"]·PT["ficarás-aterrorizado", "temo", "tenhais-pavor", "tremais", "tremas"]·RU["боялся-я", "страшись", "страшитесь", "трепещите"]·ES["os-aterroricéis", "os-aterréis", "te-espantes", "temas", "temí", "tengais-terror"]·SW["kumtisha", "msisituke", "msitetemeke", "niliogopa", "ogope", "tetemeke", "usishtuke"]·TR["-me", "dehşete-düşün", "korktum", "titreyeceksiniz", "titreyin", "titreşeceksin", "ürkmeyin"]·urd["تم-ثابت-رہو", "دہشت-کھاؤ", "میں ڈرتا تھا", "کانپ", "گھبرا", "گھبراؤ"]
2. to terrify, cause terror — To terrify or cause terror: the transitive or causative sense where the subject frightens another. God asks Job, 'Will you terrify a driven leaf?' (Job 13:25), and he rises 'to terrify the earth' (Isa 2:19, 21). Babylon is challenged whether her sorceries 'will cause terror' (Isa 47:12). Spanish 'aterrorizar' and French 'effrayer' (in causative context) mark the outward direction of dread. 5×
AR["تُرْعِبُ", "تُرْهِبِينَ", "لِيُرعِبَ", "لِيُرْهِبَ"]·ben["-কাঁপাতে", "আপনি-ভয়-দেখাবেন", "তুমি-ভয়-করাবে", "ভীতি-দেওয়া"]·DE["[לערץ]", "[תערוץ]", "[תערוצי]", "zu-terrify"]·EN["to-terrify", "you-frighten", "you-will-cause-terror"]·FR["effrayer", "à-effrayer", "תערוץ"]·heb["ל-ערוץ", "תערוץ", "תערוצי"]·HI["कंपाने", "कि-आतंकित-करे", "तू-डरा-सके", "तू-डराएगा"]·ID["Engkau-takuti", "engkau-dapat-menakutkan", "untuk-menakuti", "untuk-menggetarkan"]·IT["atterri'", "temere", "you-frighten"]·jav["Panjenengan-ngegirisi", "kangge-nggegirisi", "kanggé-ndamel-ajrih", "panjenengan-saged-nggègirisi"]·KO["당신이-두렵게-하시겠나이까", "두렵게-하지", "두렵게-할-수-있으리라", "떨게-하려고"]·PT["a-aterrorizar", "assustarás", "causes-terror", "para-aterrorizar"]·RU["будешь-пугать", "сокрушить", "устрашать", "устрашишь"]·ES["aterrorizarás", "para-aterrorizar"]·SW["kuogofya", "kutikisa", "utatisha", "utaweza-kusababisha-hofu"]·TR["dehşete-düşürmeye-", "korkutabilirsin", "korkutursun", "sarsmak-icin"]·urd["-ڈرانے-کو", "تو-ڈرا-دے", "تھرتھرانے", "ڈرائے-گا-تُو"]
3. to inspire dread or awe — To inspire dread or awe (Hifil causative): to cause others to tremble in reverence or holy fear. The LORD of hosts is the one Israel should 'let be your dread' (Isa 8:13), and Jacob's descendants 'shall stand in awe' of the Holy One (Isa 29:23). This sense elevates terror into the domain of worship and reverent fear. 2×
AR["رُعبُكُم", "يُعَظِّمُونَ"]·ben["তোমাদের-সম্ভ্রমের-বস্তু", "ভয়-করবে"]·DE["[יעריצו]", "[מערצכם]"]·EN["your-dread"]·FR["effrayer"]·heb["יעריצו", "מעריצכם"]·HI["तुम्हारा-आतंक", "भय-मानेंगे"]·ID["mereka-takuti", "yang-kamu-genggam"]·IT["temere"]·jav["geter-panjenengan", "piyambakipun-ngajrih-ajrihi"]·KO["경외할-것이다", "너희의-떨림이라"]·PT["temerão", "tremor-vosso"]·RU["будут-благоговеть", "трепет-ваш"]·ES["sea-vuestro-terror", "temerán"]·SW["awe-tetemeko-lenu", "watamcha"]·TR["hayranlginiz", "koruyacaklar"]·urd["تمہاری-دہشت", "ڈریں-گے"]
4. to be feared, awesome — To be feared, awesome (Nifal participial): describing one who is regarded with dread or reverence, often as a divine epithet. In Ps 89:7 God is 'greatly feared in the council of the holy ones.' Spanish 'temido' (feared, respected) captures the stative, adjectival quality of this sense — not active terrifying but the abiding state of being awesome. 1×
AR["مَهِيبٌ"]·ben["ভয়ঙ্কর"]·DE["greatly-gefürchtet"]·EN["greatly-feared"]·FR["effrayer"]·heb["נערץ"]·HI["भयावना"]·ID["sangat-ditakuti"]·IT["atterri'"]·jav["dipun-ajrihi"]·KO["두려운-분-이시라"]·PT["é-temido"]·RU["страшен"]·ES["temido"]·SW["wa-kuogopwa"]·TR["hayranklık-duyulan"]·urd["ہیبت-ناک"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [עָרַץ] vb. cause to tremble, tremble (in terror, or awe) (cf. Arabic عَرِصَ quiver, flicker; Syriac ܥܪܰܨ come upon suddenly or violently, PS s.v. passim; cf. Egyptian ʿu-ra-d̲au(t̥), they terrified (= ערצו) WMMAs. u. Eur. 76);— Qal Impf. 2 ms. תַּעֲרֹץ Dt 7:21 +; 2 fs. תַּעֲר֑וֹצִי Is 47:12; 1 s. אֶעֱרוֹץ Jb 31:34, etc.; Inf. cstr. עֲרֹץ Is 2:19 +; 1. cause to tremble (i.e. strike with awe) c.…