H5810 H5810
To be strong, prevail; to strengthen; in Hifil, to make bold or brazen the face, showing impudence
Denotes strength across a spectrum from raw power to moral boldness. When Othniel's hand 'prevailed against' Cushan-rishathaim (Judg 3:10) and Midian's grip 'was strong against' Israel (Judg 6:2), the Qal conveys dominating physical force. Psalm 68:28 shifts to a plea for God to 'strengthen' what he has done. The Hifil introduces an ethical edge: Proverbs 21:29 says the wicked 'hardens his face' in brazen defiance, while Proverbs 7:13 describes the adulteress who 'made bold her face.' Spanish 'endurece' (hardens) and 'prevaleció' (prevailed) together span this word's range from battlefield might to moral impudence.
Senses
1. be strong, prevail — To be or become strong, mighty, prevailing -- the intransitive Qal sense of strength asserting itself. Judges 3:10 and 6:2 use it for a hand that 'was strong against' an enemy. Psalms 9:19 and 52:7 apply it to human defiance or mortal frailty before God. French 'et-etait-fort' and Spanish 'prevaleció' both confirm straightforward physical or political dominance. Proverbs 8:28 describes springs becoming strong, pointing to natural force. 8×
AR["بِتَقْوِيَتِهِ", "تَعْظُمُ", "تَقَوَّى", "لِيَتَقَوَّوْا", "وَ-تَقَوَّتْ", "يَتَقَوَّى", "يَقْوَى"]·ben["আশ্রয়-নিতে", "এবং-শক্তিশালী-হল", "প্রবল-হোক", "যখন-তিনি-শক্তিশালী-করলেন", "শক্তিশালী-হবে", "শক্তিশালী-হয়েছে"]·DE["[בעזוז]", "[יעוז]", "[לעוז]", "er-nahm-Zuflucht", "ist-stark", "lass-siegen", "und-war-stark"]·EN["and-was-strong", "he-took-refuge", "is-strong", "let-prevail", "prevail", "to-take-refuge", "when-became-strong"]·FR["[לעוז]", "dans-בעזוז", "et-était-fort", "être-fort"]·heb["ב-עזוז", "ו-עזה", "יעוז", "ל-עוז", "תעוז"]·HI["और-प्रबल-हुआ", "और-बलवान-हुआ", "और-शक्तिशाली-हुआ", "प्रबल", "मजबूत-होते-हुए", "शक्तिशाली-है", "शक्तिशाली-होगा", "शक्तिशाली-होने-के-लिए"]·ID["Dan-kuatlah", "berjaya", "dan-kuatlah", "dia-akan-menjadi-kuat", "ketika-Dia-menguatkan", "kuat", "untuk-berlindung"]·IT["[יעוז]", "[לעוז]", "e-fu-forte", "fu-forte", "in-quando-became-forte"]·jav["Lan-kuwat", "dados-kiyat", "kiyat", "lan-kuwat", "menang", "nalika-nguataken", "panjenengan", "supados-kiyat"]·KO["강하게", "강하게-하였도다", "강하리라", "강하여지리라", "그-가-강하게하셨을-때-에", "그리고-강해졌다", "그리고-강했다", "에-피하려고"]·PT["E-fortaleceu-se", "e-fortaleceu-se", "fortaleceu-se", "forte", "para-fortalecer", "prevaleça", "quando-se-fortaleceram", "se-fortalecerá"]·RU["И-усилилась", "и-осилила", "когда-укреплялись", "сильна", "укреплялся", "усилится", "чтобы-укрепиться"]·ES["Y-prevaleció", "cuando-fortificó-él", "fuerte", "para-fortalecerse", "prevalecerá", "prevalezca", "se-fortaleció", "y-prevaleció"]·SW["akashinda", "akawa-na-nguvu", "alipoimarisha", "atakuwa-na-nguvu", "kutafuta-nguvu", "na-ukawa-na-nguvu", "ni-hodari"]·TR["guclenmek", "güçlendi", "güçlendirdiğinde-O", "güçlenecek", "güçlensin", "kuvvetli", "ve-güçlendi", "ve-güçlü-oldu"]·urd["اور-زور-آور-ہوا", "اور-غالب-ہوا", "جب-زور-آور-ہوئے", "غالب-آئے", "غالب-آئے-گا", "مضبوط-تھا", "مضبوط-ہے", "پناہ-لینے-کے-لیے"]
2. strengthen, make strong — To strengthen or make strong -- a transitive or imperative sense directing power toward another. Psalm 68:28 petitions God to 'strengthen' his completed work over Israel, and Ecclesiastes 7:19 observes that wisdom 'strengthens' the wise more than ten rulers. Spanish 'fortalece' (strengthen) and German 'sein-stark' (be strong) reflect the causative nuance of imparting strength. 2×
AR["أَيِّدْ", "تُقَوِّي"]·ben["শক্তিশালী-করে", "শক্তিশালী-করো"]·DE["[תעז]", "sein-stark"]·EN["be-strong", "strengthens"]·FR["être-fort", "תעז"]·heb["עוזה", "תעוז"]·HI["शक्तिशाली-बनाती-है"]·ID["menguatkan", "tunjukkanlah-kekuatan"]·IT["fu-forte", "strengthens"]·jav["maringi-kakiyatan", "tunjukna-kakiyatan"]·KO["강하게-하소서", "강하게-한다"]·PT["fortalece"]·RU["укрепи", "усиливает"]·ES["fortalece"]·SW["humtia-nguvu", "imarisha"]·TR["guc-verir", "güçlendir"]·urd["مضبوط-کر", "مضبوط-کرتی-ہے"]
3. make bold, harden the face — To make bold or brazen the face (Hifil causative), expressing impudence or defiance through hardened facial expression. Proverbs 7:13 describes the seductress who 'made bold her face' before kissing the young man, and Proverbs 21:29 contrasts the wicked who 'hardens his face' with the upright who considers his ways. Spanish 'endurece' (hardens) and 'endureció' (hardened) precisely capture this shift from physical strength to moral shamelessness. 2×
AR["أَقْحَمَتْ", "صَلَّبَ"]·ben["শক্ত-করে", "সে-নির্লজ্জ-করল"]·DE["[העז]", "[העזה]"]·EN["hardens", "she-made-bold"]·FR["העז", "העזה"]·heb["העז", "העזה"]·HI["कठोर-करता-है", "निर्लज्ज-किया"]·ID["Menyombongkan-diri", "dia-memberanikan"]·IT["ella-made-bold", "hardens"]·jav["kurang-ajar", "kuwat"]·KO["굳히는니라", "뻘뻘해졌다"]·PT["Endurece", "endureceu"]·RU["делает-дерзким", "с-дерзостью"]·ES["Endurece", "endureció"]·SW["akawa-na-uso-wa-ujasiri", "huimarisha"]·TR["arsızlaştı", "sertlik-gösterir"]·urd["بے-شرم-کیا", "مضبوط-کرتا-ہے"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [עָזַז] vb.be strong (NH id., Hiph., especially in bad sense, and especially deriv. עַז; Ph. עז strength, also in n.pr. Lzb338; Aramaic ܥܰܙ be mighty, strong, cf. Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. n.pr. עזיזו Lzb338 Cook90; Arabic عَزَّ be mighty, strong, Ethiopic ዐዘዘ id.; Assyrian ezêzu, be furious, ezzu, fierce);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָעֹז ψ 9:20; 52:9, יָעוֹז Dn 11:12; 3 fs. תָּעֹז ψ 89:14 Ec 7:19,…