H5782 H5782
To rouse, awaken, stir up; in Qal, to wake from sleep; in Hifil, to cause awakening or incite action; in Piel, to rouse intensively.
Few Hebrew verbs carry as much dramatic energy as 'ur. At its most literal, it describes the simple act of waking from sleep — Deborah is called to 'awake, awake!' in her great victory song (Judg 5:12), and the beloved in the Song of Songs pleads that love not be stirred before its time. But the word scales from bedroom to battlefield to cosmic stage: God 'stirs up' the spirit of Cyrus to release Israel (2 Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1), rouses nations against Babylon (Jer 50:41), and is himself urged by the psalmist to 'awake' on behalf of his people. The Hifil causative dominates, reflecting how often Scripture depicts awakening as something caused — by God, by circumstances, or by desperate human plea. Arabic 'ayqaza (to awaken) and Korean 깨우다 (to rouse someone) both confirm the causative as a lexicalized sense, not just a grammatical derivation.
3. Piel: to rouse, stir up, awaken — Piel intensive: to rouse, stir up, awaken with deliberate force — 11 occurrences where the action carries heightened intentionality or emotional charge. The adjuration in the Song of Songs 'do not stir up or awaken love until it pleases' (Song 2:7; 3:5; 8:4) uses this form to convey the dangerous volatility of premature arousal. Proverbs 10:12 warns that 'hatred stirs up strife,' and Job's friends are rebuked for trying to 'rouse' Leviathan (Job 3:8). Spanish excitar and Arabic yuthiru ('to incite') both capture the intensive, sometimes provocative, quality that distinguishes this from the neutral Hifil causative. 11×
AR["أَيْقَظَ","أَيْقَظْتُكَ","أَيْقِظْ","تُنَبِّهْنَ","تِعُورْرُو","لِإيقاظِ","وَ-يُثِيرُ","وَأَيْقَظْتُ","يُثِيرُ","يُثِيرُونَ"]·ben["আমি-তোমাকে-জাগিয়েছি","এবং-উদ্দীপিত-করেছি","ও-জাগাবেন","জাগ্রত-কর","জাগ্রত-করতে","জাগ্রত-করে","জাগ্রত-করেছে","তোমরা-উদ্দীপত-কর","তোমরা-উদ্দীপত-করবে","তোলে"]·DE["erwecken","erweckte","stir-hinauf","und-erwecken","und-erweckte"]·EN["I-awakened-you","and-I-will-rouse","and-will-rouse","it-rouses","stir-up","stirs-up","they-raise","to-rouse","you-awaken"]·FR["et-éveiller","exciteriez-vous","je-t'ai-éveillé;","vous-excitez","éveiller"]·heb["ו-עורר","ו-עוררתי","יעוררו","עורר","עוררה","עוררתיך","תעורר","תעוררו"]·HI["उठाओ","उठाते-हैं","और-उठाएगा","और-मैंने-जगाया","जगा","जगाती-है","जगाने-को","तुम-जगाओगी","भड़काती-है","मैंने-जगाया"]·ID["Dan-membangkitkan","aku-membangunkan-engkau","bangkitkanlah","dan-Aku-membangkitkan","membangkitkan","membangunkan","menggugah","mereka-bangkitkan"]·IT["destare","destare-tuo","e-destare","e-risvegliare","risvegliare","sveglio'"]·jav["Lan-badhé-ngangkat","dipunsuwuraken","kula-nggugah-panjenengan","lan-nggugah-Kawula","nggèndholi","ngoyak","ngwungu","panjenengan-nggugah","wungokna"]·KO["그리고-내가-격동시키리라","깨우도록","깨우소서","내-가-깨웠네-너-를","너희-가-흔드느냐","너희-가-흔들면","올리리라","일깨우도다","일으키시리라","일으킨다"]·PT["E-levantará","acordareis","acordeis","desperta","despertei-te","despertou","e-despertarei","levantam","para-despertar"]·RU["возбуди","возбуждает","и-воздвигнет","и-подниму","поднимают","пробудите","пробудить","разбудил","разбудила-тебя","тревожите"]·ES["Y-levantará","despierta","excitáis","hagáis-despertar","levantarán","para-despertar","te-desperté","y-despertaré"]·SW["Na-ataainua","amsha","inaamsha","kuamsha","mtausisimua","mwausisimua","na-nitawaamsha","nilikuamsha","wanainua"]·TR["kisiltirsan","kisiltirsaniz","kisiltirsin","kışkırtır","uyandirarak","uyandirdim-seni","uyandiriyor","uyandır","uyandırmak","ve-uyandlracak","ve-uyandıracağım"]·urd["ابھارتی-ہے","اور-ابھارا","اور-اُٹھائے-گا","اُٹھاتے-ہیں","بیدار-کرنے-کو","تم-بیدار-کرتی-ہو","تم-بیدار-کرو-مت","جگا","جگائے","میں-نے-جگایا-تجھے"]
Job 3:8, Ps 80:2, Prov 10:12, Song 2:7, Song 3:5, Song 8:4, Song 8:5, Isa 10:26, Isa 14:9, Isa 15:5, Zech 9:13
▼ 5 more senses below
Senses
1. Hifil: to awaken, stir up (causative) — Hifil causative: to awaken someone, stir up, incite — the most frequent sense at 38 occurrences. God is the typical agent, stirring up the spirit of kings (2 Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1), rousing nations for judgment (Jer 6:22; 50:41), or awakening a protective instinct like an eagle stirring its nest (Deut 32:11). Arabic yuqizu ('he awakens') and German erwecken both select dedicated causative vocabulary here, while Spanish despertar and Korean 깨우다 confirm the caused-awakening frame. The theological pattern is striking: human agents rarely 'stir up' well — it is God's prerogative to awaken history. 38×
AR["أوقِظُ","أَيْقَظَ","أُثِيرُ","استَيقِظ","استَيقِظي","اسْتَيْقِظْ","فَ-أَثارَ","مُهَيِّجٌ","وَأَيْقَظَ","يُوقِظُ"]·ben["আমি-জাগ্রত-করব","আর-জাগ্রত-করলেন","ও-জাগ্রত-করল","জাগ","জাগাচ্ছি","জাগো","জাগ্রত-করছি","জাগ্রত-করলেন","জাগ্রত-করেছিলেন","জাগ্রত-করেছে","জাগ্রত-করেছেন","তিনি-জাগ্রত-করেন"]·DE["aufwachen","die-Stadt","erwecken","ich-wird-awaken","stir-hinauf","und-erwecken","von-Stadt"]·EN["He-awakens","I-will-awaken","am-stirring-up","and-stirred-up","awake","has-stirred-up","stir-up","stirred","stirred-up","stirring-up"]·FR["[ויער]","de-ville","la-ville","le-éveiller","éveiller"]·heb["אעירה","העיר","העירה","ו-יער","יעיר","מעיר","עורה"]·HI["उठाऊंगा","उठाता-हूं","और-जगाया","जगाऊँगा","जगानेवाला-हूँ","जगानेवाला-हूँ-मैं","जगाया","जगाया-था","जगाया-है","जाग","वह-जगाता-है"]·ID["Dan-membangkitkan","Dia-membangunkan","bangunlah","membangkitkan","menggerakkan","yang-membangkitkan"]·IT["[ויער]","da-citta","da-città","la-citta","la-città","risvegliare","sveglio'"]·jav["Lan-mbangkitaken","Lan-nggugah","Mugi-tangi","Mugi-wungu","Panjenenganipun-nggugah","Tangia","Yéhuwah-sampun-nggugah","ingkang-nggugah","kula","manah","nggugah","ngosikaken","ngoyak","ngugahaken","sampun-nggugah","tetep"]·KO["-내가-일으키리라","그-와-일으키셨다","그가-일깨우셨다","그리고-일으켰다","깨소서","깨어나라","깨어나소서","깨우리라","깨우리이다","깨우셨다","깨우시느니라","깨우신","일으키리라","일으키셨느뇨"]·PT["Desperta","Despertai","Despertou","E-despertou","desperta","despertando","despertarei","despertou"]·RU["Пробудись","Я","возбужу","и-возбудил","и-побудил","побуждаю","пробудил","пробудись","пробуждает","пробуждаю","разбужу"]·ES["Despierta","Despiértate","Y-despertó","despertando","despertaré","despertó","despierta","despierto","ha-despertado"]·SW["Amka","Na-akaamsha","Na-akachochea","aliamsha","ameamsha","amka","anaamsha","heiyr","ninaamsha","ninawaamsha","nitaamsha","nitawaamsha"]·TR["Uyan","Ve-uyandırdı","uyaandirdr","uyan","uyandiran","uyandirdi","uyandirdir","uyandıracağım","uyandıran","uyandırdı","uyandırıyorum","ve-uyandırdı"]·urd["ابھارا","اور-ابھارا","اور-اُبھارا","اُٹھاؤں-گا","اُٹھانے-والا-ہوں","اکسانے-والا-ہوں","بیدار-کیا","جاگ","جگا-رہا-ہوں","جگاؤں","جگایا","وہ-جگاتا-ہے"]
Deut 32:11, 1 Chr 5:26, 2 Chr 21:16, 2 Chr 36:22, Ezra 1:1, Ezra 1:5, Job 8:6, Ps 35:23, Ps 44:23, Ps 57:8, Ps 57:8, Ps 57:8 (+26 more)
2. Qal: to awake, be awake — Qal intransitive: to awake, be awake, arise from sleep — 18 occurrences centered on the subject's own transition from sleep or inactivity to alertness. Deborah's fourfold 'awake, awake!' (Judg 5:12) is the paradigm case, and the beloved's self-description 'I sleep, but my heart is awake' (Song 5:2) plays on the boundary between literal and figurative. Arabic istayqaza (intransitive self-awakening), Korean 깨어나다, and Swahili amka all select non-causative wake-up vocabulary, confirming this as genuinely distinct from the Hifil. The psalmist's imperative 'Awake!' directed to God (Ps 7:6; 44:23; 59:4) boldly applies human sleep-language to the divine. 18×
AR["اسْتَيْقِظي","اسْتَيْقِظِي","انتَبِهي","عَرًا","عُورِي","عِير","وَ-اسْتَيْقِظْ","يُوقِظُهُ"]·ben["এবং-জাগ্রত-হও","জাগ","জাগো","জাগ্রত","তাকে-জাগাবে"]·DE["erwachen","erwecken","erweckte","und-aufwachen"]·EN["and-awake","arise","aroused","awake","he-is-awakened","rouse-yourself"]·FR["et-éveiller","veillait.","Éveille-toi,","éveille-toi","éveiller"]·heb["התעוררי","ו-עורה","יעורנו","עורי","ער"]·HI["उठ","उठो","उसे-जगाए","और-जाग","जाग","जागता","जागा-था"]·ID["Bangkitlah","Bangunlah","Sadarlah!","Terjagalah","bangkitlah","dan-bangkitlah","jaga","membangkitkannya","terjagalah","yang-jaga"]·IT["awake","destare","e-sveglio'","risvegliare"]·jav["Sami-wungu","Tangi-a","Tangia","Wungu","Wungu-a","Wungua","kang-tangi","saha-wungua","tangi-a","tangia","tangiya","wani-nganggu-piyambakipun;","wungu","wungu-a","wungua"]·KO["그를-깨울-것이다","그리고-깨소서","깨라","깨어-있네","깨어나라","깨어라","깨어있는"]·PT["Desperta","acorda","acordado","desperta","desperto","e-desperta","o-desperte;"]·RU["Пробудись","бодрствует","бодрствующего","и-пробудись","пробудись","проснись","разбудил-его"]·ES["Despierta","Despiértate","Levántate","despierta","despierto","despiértate","el-que-despierta","lo-despierte","y-despierta"]·SW["Amka","amka","anayeamka","ataamsha","na-amka","umeamka"]·TR["Uyan","kalk","uyan","uyandırır-onu","uyanik","uyanık","ve-uyan"]·urd["اور-جاگ","اُسے-جگائے","اُٹھ","جاگ","جاگا-تھا","جاگنے-والے","جاگو"]
4. Niphal: to be roused, be stirred up — Niphal passive: to be roused, be stirred up by an external force — 7 occurrences emphasizing that the subject is the recipient rather than the agent of awakening. The dead 'will not awake' nor 'be roused from their sleep' (Job 14:12); a great nation 'is being stirred up from the remote parts of the earth' (Jer 6:22; 50:41). Arabic yunhadu (passive, 'to be raised up') and Swahili -amshwa (passive of amka) confirm genuine voice-driven distinction. Joel 3:12 inverts the pattern: the nations are told to 'be roused' for divine judgment — a passive that paradoxically demands obedience. 7×
AR["اسْتَيْقَظَ","تَثُورُ","تُنْهَضُ","يَسْتَيْقِظُ","يَسْتَيْقِظْ","يَنْتَبِهُونَ","يُنْهَضُونَ"]·ben["জাগ্রত-হবে","জেগে-উঠবে","জেগে-উঠুক","জেগে-উঠেছেন","জেগে-ওঠে","তারা-জাগবে"]·DE["erwecken","erweckte"]·EN["are-roused","he-has-roused","is-awakened","let-be-roused","shall-be-stirred-up","will-be-stirred-up"]·FR["éveiller"]·heb["ייעור","ייעורו","יעוֹרוּ","יעור","יעורו","נעור"]·HI["उठाया-जाएगा","जागा-जाता-है","जागें","जागेंगे","जागेगी","वह-जागा-है","वे-जगाएंगे"]·ID["Biarlah-bangkit","Ia-bangkit","akan-dibangkitkan","akan-ditimbulkan","dibangunkan","terjaga"]·IT["destare","risvegliare"]·jav["badhe-tangi","badhé-tangi","dipun-gugah","sami-dipuntangi","sami-gumregah","wungu"]·KO["깨어나라","깨어나셨도다","깨운다","일어나리라","일어난다","잠에서-깨지-못하리라"]·PT["Despertem","despertará","despertou","será-despertada","serão-despertados","é-despertado"]·RU["Пусть-пробудятся","поднимется","пробудился-Он","пробудится","пробудятся","пробуждается"]·ES["Despiértense","es-despertado","se-despertará","se-ha-despertado","se-levantará","serán-despertados"]·SW["Waamke","ameamka","anaamshwa","hawataamshwa","kitaamshwa","litaamshwa","wataamshwa"]·TR["kalkacak","uyandı","uyandırılacak","uyandırılır","uyandırılırlar","uyansınlar","uyanıyor"]·urd["اُٹھے-گی","اٹھیں-گے","اٹھے-گا","بیدار-ہوں-گے","جاگتا-ہے","جاگیں","وہ-جاگا"]
5. sense 5 — A specialized martial sense: to wield or brandish a weapon — 3 occurrences exclusively in the warrior-hero lists of 2 Samuel 23:18 and 1 Chronicles 11:11, 20, describing mighty men who 'wielded' their spears. English 'wielded,' Spanish blandía, and the contextual action of raising a weapon all point to a distinct kinesthetic sense — the physical act of lifting and brandishing — rather than mere metaphorical 'stirring.' This may represent an archaic usage preserved only in heroic formulae, related to the root sense of 'raising up' but specialized for weaponry. 3×
AR["شَهَرَ","هَزَّ"]·ben["উঠিয়েছিল","তাক-করলেন"]·DE["erwecken","wielded"]·EN["wielded"]·FR["[עורר]","wielded"]·heb["עורר"]·HI["उठाता","उठानेवाला"]·ID["mengayunkan"]·IT["[עורר]","wielded"]·jav["ngangkat"]·KO["휘두르는-자","흔들다"]·PT["brandiu"]·RU["поднимал","потрясающий"]·ES["blandiendo","blandía"]·SW["aliinua"]·TR["salladı"]·urd["اٹھایا","ہلایا"]
6. Hitpael: to rouse oneself — Hitpael reflexive: to rouse oneself, bestir oneself into action — 3 occurrences where the subject deliberately gathers inner resolve. In Isa 64:7 the prophet laments that no one 'stirs himself up' to take hold of God; Job 17:8 promises that the righteous will 'rouse himself' against the godless; Job 31:29 describes exulting when misfortune strikes. Arabic yataharraku ('to move oneself') and the reflexive morphology itself mark the volitional self-directed quality. Each occurrence carries moral weight — this is not passive awakening but a choice to engage. 3×
AR["مُتَيَقِّظٍ","وَ-ابتَهَجتُ","يَتَحَرَّكُ"]·ben["আর-উত্তেজিত-হয়েছি","জাগ্রতকারী"]·DE["erwecken","erweckte","und-erweckte"]·EN["and-I-was-stirred-up","one-rousing-himself","stirs-himself"]·FR["et-éveiller","éveiller"]·heb["ו-התעוררתי","יתעורר","מתעורר"]·HI["और-उत्तेजित-हुआ-मैं","जागने-वाला","जागेगा"]·ID["bangkit","dan-aku bergairah","yang-membangkitkan-diri"]·IT["destare","e-destare","risvegliare"]·jav["ingkang-tangi","lan-kula-tangi","tangi"]·KO["그리고-내가-흥분하였다","분발하는-자가","분발하리라"]·PT["e-exultei","que-se-desperta","se-despertará"]·RU["восстанет","и-ликовал-я","пробуждающегося"]·ES["quien-se-despierte","se-levantará","y-me-exalté"]·SW["anayejisimamisha","atajiinua","na-nilifurahi"]·TR["harekete-geçer","uyanan","ve-coştum"]·urd["اور-میں اٹھا","اُٹھ کھڑا ہوگا","جاگنے-والا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. [עוּר] vb. rouse oneself, awake (NH id.; Aramaic עוּר, ܥܳܪ; Arabic عير, عَارَ v. עיר, עַיִר; غير, غَارَ is be jealous, cf. Syriac ܥܝܳܪܳܐ hate, revenge);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְעוּרֶנּוּ Jb 41:2 Baer Ginsb, and Qr van d. H., but Kt יעירנו (Hiph.), Bab. Mass. (v. Baer p. 58), so Ginsbmargin van d. H.; read thus, or יְעוֹרְרֶנּוּ (Pōʿl.) Bu; > contr. form of Pōʿl. Ges§ 72 cc Di; cf. Sta§ 484 e;…