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H5590 H5590
Conj-w | V-Qal-Prtcpl-ms  |  7× in 2 senses
To storm, rage, be tempest-tossed; in causative stems, to drive away or scatter as with a whirlwind
A verb evoking the raw fury of a tempest, used both literally of raging seas and figuratively of divine wrath or human turmoil. Jonah's sailors face a sea 'growing more and more stormy' (Jonah 1:11, 13), and Isaiah's afflicted Jerusalem is called 'storm-tossed' (Isa 54:11). In the Piel stem the sense shifts to active scattering: God disperses the disobedient 'with a whirlwind among the nations' (Zech 7:14), and Hosea likens the wicked to chaff 'driven away from a threshing floor' (Hos 13:3). The Arabic cognate sa'ara ('kindle, inflame') hints at the word's deeper etymology of violent agitation.

Senses
1. storm, rage, be tempest-tossed (Qal/Nifal/Pual) Intransitive and passive forms (Qal, Nifal, Pual) meaning to storm, rage, or be tossed about by a tempest. In Jonah 1:11 and 1:13 the sea 'was storming' (so'er) ever more violently; in Isa 54:11 God addresses Jerusalem as 'storm-tossed' (so'arāh), a woman battered by affliction. Spanish azotada por tempestad ('battered by tempest') and French tempête capture the involuntary, passive experience of being caught in meteorological or metaphorical fury. Hab 3:14 extends it figuratively to enemies who 'storm along' in battle frenzy.
NATURAL_WORLD Physical Events and States Storms and Tempests
AR["فَاضْطَرَبَ", "وَ-يَعْصِفُ", "يَا-مُضْطَرِبَةُ", "يَهُوجُونَ"]·ben["এবং-উত্তেজিত-হল", "এবং-ঝড়-তুলছিল", "ঝড়ের-দ্বারা-আঘাতপ্রাপ্তা", "তারা-ঝড়ের-মতো-এসেছিল"]·DE["[יסערו]", "[סערה]", "und-Sturm", "und-es-war-stormy"]·EN["and-it-was-stormy", "and-storming", "storm-tossed", "they-stormed"]·FR["[סערה]", "et-cela-fut-stormy", "et-tempête", "tempête"]·heb["ו-יסער", "ו-סוער", "יסערו", "סוערה"]·HI["आँधी-में", "और-अधिक-तूफ़ानी-होता-था", "और-अधिक-तूफ़ानी-होता-है", "वय्यिस्साएर", "वे-आँधी-की-तरह-आए"]·ID["dan-bergelora", "dan-bergelora.", "dan-bergemuruh", "dilanda-badai", "mereka-menyerbu"]·IT["[סערה]", "e-esso-era-stormy", "e-tempestò", "tempesta"]·jav["Lan-geter", "dipunombang-ambingaken", "ngamuk", "sami-nyerbu"]·KO["그리고-분노했다", "그리고-폭풍이-치며", "그리고-폭풍이-침", "폭풍에-휘떨리는", "폭풍처럼-왔도다"]·PT["E-perturbou-se", "e-tempestuava", "invadem", "tempestuada"]·RU["бурей-метаемая", "и-бушевало", "и-бушует", "устремились"]·ES["Y-se-turbó", "azotada-por-tempestad", "se-precipitan", "y-se-agitaba"]·SW["na-kuchafuka", "na-ukasumbuka", "uliochapwa-na-dhoruba", "wanakuja-kwa-nguvu"]·TR["firtinali", "fırtına-esti", "ve-fırtınalı", "ve-kizdirdi"]·urd["آندھی-کی-طرح-آتے-ہیں", "اور-طوفانی-ہوتا", "اور-مضطرب-ہوا", "طوفان-سے-ماری"]
2. drive away, scatter with a tempest (Piel) Causative forms (Piel) meaning to drive away, scatter, or disperse as with a whirlwind, used transitively of divine judgment. In Hos 13:3 the wicked are like chaff 'driven away' (y'so'ar) from a threshing floor by the wind; in Zech 7:14 God declares 'I scattered them with a whirlwind among the nations.' Spanish dispersé con torbellino ('I scattered with a whirlwind') precisely captures the causative force, the agent wielding the storm as an instrument of exile and judgment.
NATURAL_WORLD Physical Events and States Storms and Tempests
AR["وَأُعَصِّفُهُمْ", "يُعصَفُ"]·ben["উড়ানো-হয়", "এবং-ঝড়-তুললাম-তাদের"]·DE["[ואסערם]", "[יסער]"]·EN["and-I-scattered-them", "driven-away"]·FR["et-tempête", "tempête"]·heb["ו-סערתים", "יסוער"]·HI["उड़ा-ले-जाती-है", "और-मैंने-बिखेरा"]·ID["Dan-Aku-mencerai-beraikan-mereka"]·IT["e-tempesta", "tempesta"]·jav["kang-dipun-tiup", "lan-panjurung-Kawula-tiyang"]·KO["그리고-내가-흩어지게-하였도다", "휘날리는"]·PT["E-dispersei-os", "varrida"]·RU["и-рассею-их", "уносимая-ветром"]·ES["Y-los-dispersé-con-torbellino", "es-arrojado"]·SW["na-nitawatawanya-kwa-dhoruba", "yanayopeperushwa"]·TR["Ve-saçtım-onları", "savrulan"]·urd["اور-بکھیر-دوں-گا-اُنہیں", "اُڑائی-جاتی-ہے"]

Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)H6965b 4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) (40×)H1197a 1. burn, be on fire (39×)H4306 1. rain, showers (38×)H1653 1. rain, precipitation (34×)G4655 1. darkness (30×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [סָעַר] vb. storm, rage (Ecclus. סער Hiph. 47:17 move tempestuously; סְעָרָה storm-wind 43:17; 48:9; NH Pi. stir up, blow, סְעָרָה storm-wind; = II. שָׂעַר, but relation obscure; Assyrian šâru, wind, favours originality of שׂ׳, but this only late in Heb., and for ס׳ Frä 189 cp. Arabic سَعَرَ kindle fire, excite, inflame, be vehemently hungry and thirsty, be mad, insane, etc. Lane 1363);— Qal