H5288 H5288
Muchacho, joven, mozo; criado o sirviente personal sin importar la edad; en expresiones temporales 'desde la juventud'.
Una de las palabras semánticamente más flexibles para designar a un varón en la Biblia hebrea, נַעַר cubre todo el espectro desde un recién nacido (Moisés en la canasta, Éx 2:6) hasta un joven guerrero vigoroso, y al mismo tiempo funciona como término estándar para un criado o sirviente personal. Solo el contexto determina si se destaca la edad o el rol social. El árabe desglosa estas acepciones en صَبِيٌّ ('niño'), شَابٌّ ('joven') y خَادِمٌ ('sirviente'), revelando distinciones que el hebreo condensa en una sola palabra. La ambigüedad es a veces deliberada: cuando Abraham lleva a su נַעַר al monte Moria (Gn 22:3), el término evoca tanto vigor juvenil como lealtad servicial.
1. joven, mozo — Joven o mozo en la plenitud de su vigor (122x), que subraya la etapa vital entre la niñez y la plena madurez. Dicho de José a los diecisiete años (Gn 37:2), del joven Absalón y de grupos de hombres en edad de combatir. El coreano 젊은이 y el español joven seleccionan sistemáticamente vocabulario centrado en la edad. 122×
AR["الشّبانُ", "الغُلامَ-", "الغُلامُ", "الـ-غُلامِ", "الـ-غُلاَم", "الـ-غُلَام", "الـ-غُلَامَ", "الفَتى", "الْ-فَتَى", "الْغُلامُ", "الْغُلامِ", "الْغُلَامُ", "الْغُلَامِ"]·ben["-যুবক", "-সেই-যুবক", "বালক", "বালকের", "যুবক", "যুবককে", "যুবকটি", "যুবকটিকে", "যুবকের", "যুবকেরা-(সেই)", "সেই-যুবক"]·DE["der-Jüngling", "der-jung-Maenner", "der-jung-Mann"]·EN["the-young-man", "the-young-men"]·FR["le-jeune-homme", "le-jeune-hommes"]·heb["ה-נער", "ה-נערים"]·HI["जवान", "जवान-ने", "जवानने", "सेवक", "हन्नअर"]·ID["-pelayan", "-pelayan-itu", "-pelayan-muda", "anak-laki-laki", "anak-muda", "bujang", "pemuda", "pemuda-itu", "pemuda-pemuda"]·IT["il-giovane-uomini", "il-giovane-uomo"]·jav["abdi-nom", "abdi-punika", "enèm", "ing-abdi-nom", "jejaka", "laré", "laré-énem", "nem-nem", "para-priyantun-enem", "sang-abdi-anem", "tiyang-anem"]·KO["그-소년", "그-소년-은", "그-소년-의", "그-소년-이", "그-소년을", "그-소년이", "그-젊은이가", "그-젊은이들이", "그-젊은이의", "그-젯은이가", "젊은이가", "청년을-"]·PT["o-jovem", "o-moço", "o-rapaz", "os-jovens"]·RU["-юноша", "-юношу", "отрок", "отроку", "слуга", "слуги", "слугу", "юноша", "юноше", "юноши", "юношу"]·ES["al-joven", "el-joven", "el-muchacho", "el-siervo", "los-jóvenes"]·SW["kijana", "msichana", "vijana", "ya-kijana"]·TR["-genç-adam", "genc", "genci", "genç", "genç-e", "genç-o", "gençler", "kılıcını"]·urd["جوان", "خادم-کی", "لڑکا", "لڑکے", "لڑکے-نے", "نوجوان", "نوجوان-نے", "نوجوان-کی", "نوجوان-کے"]
Gen 34:19, Exod 24:5, Num 11:27, Josh 6:23, Judg 8:20, Judg 9:54, Judg 17:11, Judg 17:12, Judg 18:3, Judg 18:15, 1 Sam 2:17, 1 Sam 14:1 (+38 más)
▼ 3 sentido(s) más abajo
Sentidos
2. criado, sirviente — Criado, sirviente o servidor personal (67x), donde prima el rol social más que la edad. Incluye escuderos (Jue 7:10-11), Giezi al servicio de Eliseo (2 R 4:24) y sirvientes domésticos. El árabe خَادِمٌ y el español criado/siervo emplean vocabulario específico de servicio, distinto de las glosas de 'joven'. La construcción posesiva 'su נַעַר' (נַעֲרוֹ) señala casi siempre esta acepción. 67×
AR["الغِلْمانَ", "غُلامَ", "غُلامَهُ", "غُلامُ", "غُلامُ-", "غُلامِ", "غُلامِهِ", "غُلَامُ", "غُلَامِهِ", "لِ-غُلَامِهِ", "لِ-فَتَاهُ", "لِغُلَامِهِ"]·ben["-তাঁর-দাসকে", "তাঁর-দাসকে", "তার-দাস", "তার-দাসকে", "তার-দাসের", "দাস", "দাসদের", "বালক"]·DE["Junge", "Knecht-von", "der-Jungen", "sein-Knecht", "zu-sein-Knecht"]·EN["his-servant", "servant-of", "the-servants", "to-his-servant"]·FR["le-jeune-homme", "serviteur-de", "son-serviteur", "à-son-serviteur"]·heb["ה-נערים", "ל-נערו", "נַעֲרוֹ", "נער", "נערו"]·HI["अपने-सेवक", "अपने-सेवक-को", "अपने-सेवक-से", "जवानों", "नअर", "लड़के-उसके", "से-लड़के-अपने", "सेवक", "सेवक-उस-के", "सेवक-से"]·ID["bujang", "bujang-nya", "bujangnya", "hamba", "kepada-bujang-nya", "kepada-bujangnya", "kepada-pelayannya", "kepada-pembantunya", "para-pelayan", "pelayan", "pembantunya"]·IT["a-suo-servo", "il-giovane", "servo-di", "suo-servo"]·jav["abdi", "abdi-enom", "abdinipun", "abdnipun", "dhateng-abdining", "dhateng-abdinipun", "dhateng-batur-nipun", "para-batur-ènom"]·KO["그-종들을", "그의-사환", "그의-사환-에게", "그의-소년에게", "그의-소년을", "그의-종", "그의-종에게", "그의-종을", "그의-하인에게", "사환", "소년", "소년이라", "에게-그의-하인에게", "종이"]·PT["a-seu-servo", "ao-servo-dele", "ao-seu-servo", "jovem-de", "moço-de", "os-jovens", "para-seu-servo", "servo", "servo-de", "servo-dele", "servo-seu", "seu-servo"]·RU["отрок", "слуг", "слуга", "слуге", "слуге-его", "слуге-своему", "слугу", "слугу-его"]·ES["a-su-criado", "a-su-siervo", "criado-de", "joven", "joven-de", "los-jóvenes", "siervo-de", "su-criado", "su-siervo"]·SW["kwa-mtumishi-wake", "mtumishi", "mtumishi-wa", "mtumishi-wake", "watumishi"]·TR["genc", "hizmetkari", "hizmetkârına", "hizmetkârını", "hizmetçi", "hizmetçileri", "hizmetçisi", "hizmetçisine", "hizmetçisini", "icin-gencine"]·urd["اُس-کے-خادم-سے", "اپنے-خادم", "اپنے-خادم-سے", "اپنے-نوکر-سے", "خادم", "خادم-نے", "نوکر", "نوکر-سے", "نوکروں-کو"]
3. niño, infante — Niño pequeño o infante (47x), que enfatiza la tierna edad. Dicho del bebé Moisés a los tres meses (Éx 2:6), del niño Samuel, del muchacho Ismael (Gn 21:12-19) y de recién nacidos (1 S 4:21). El árabe صَبِيٌّ, el coreano 아이 y el español niño seleccionan vocabulario propio de la infancia, confirmando distancia semántica respecto a la acepción 1. 47×
AR["الصَّبِيَّ", "الصَّبِيُّ", "الصَّبِيِّ", "صَبيًّا", "صَبِيٌّ", "غُلَامًا", "غُلَامٌ", "نَعَر"]·ben["-বালক", "-বালকের", "বালক", "বালক-", "বালকের", "শিশু"]·DE["Junge", "am-ein-youth", "dem-Knaben", "den-Knaben", "der-Knabe", "des-Knaben", "ein-youth", "youth"]·EN["a-youth", "am-a-youth", "is-a-youth", "the-boy", "the-lad", "youth"]·FR["am-un-jeune-homme", "jeune-homme", "le-garçon", "le-lad", "un-jeune-homme"]·heb["ה-נער", "נער"]·HI["बच्चा", "बालक", "लड़का", "लड़के", "लड़के-की", "लड़के-के", "लड़के-को", "लड़के-ने"]·ID["anak-itu", "anak-muda", "pemuda", "seorang-anak"]·IT["am-un-giovinezza", "giovane", "giovinezza", "il-lad", "il-ragazzo", "ragazzo", "un-giovinezza"]·jav["lare", "laré-punika"]·KO["그-소년", "그-소년-의", "그-소년-이", "그-소년에게", "그-소년을", "그-소년의", "소년", "소년도", "소년이었다", "아이", "아이이다", "어린-아이였느니라"]·PT["jovem", "menino", "o-rapaz", "rapaz", "é-menino"]·RU["-отрок", "-отрока", "отрок", "отрок,", "отрока", "отроком", "юноша"]·ES["el-joven", "el-mozo", "el-niño", "muchacho", "niño", "un-niño"]·SW["kale", "kijana", "mdogo", "mtoto", "na-akajifanya", "na-akakubwa", "na-akamkita", "na-kama", "ni-mtoto"]·TR["-oğlana", "-oğlanla", "-oğlanı", "-oğlanın", "cocuk", "genc", "çocuk"]·urd["-لڑکے", "بچہ", "لڑکا", "لڑکے", "لڑکے-نے", "لڑکے-کی", "لڑکے-کے"]
Gen 21:12, Gen 21:17, Gen 21:17, Gen 21:18, Gen 21:19, Gen 21:20, Gen 22:12, Exod 2:6, Judg 13:8, 1 Sam 1:22, 1 Sam 1:24, 1 Sam 1:24 (+35 más)
4. desde la juventud (temporal) — Uso temporal que significa 'desde la juventud / desde joven' (3x), en expresiones como מִנַּעַר ('desde ser נַעַר'). En Gn 19:4 y Jos 6:21 aparece en el merismo 'desde joven hasta viejo' para denotar totalidad. El árabe مِن صِغَرِهِ y el español desde joven lo traducen como punto de origen temporal, no como persona. 3×
AR["مِن-صَغيرٍ", "مِنَ-الصَّغِيرِ", "مِنْ-الشَّابِّ"]·ben["-থেকে-যুবক", "থেকে-বালক", "বালক-থেকে"]·DE["vom-Jungen", "von-Junge", "von-jung"]·EN["from-young", "from-youth"]·FR["de-jeune", "jeune-homme"]·heb["מ-נער"]·HI["जवन-से", "जवान-से", "बालक-से"]·ID["dari-anak-anak", "dari-anak-muda", "dari-muda"]·IT["da-giovane", "giovane"]·jav["saking-alit", "saking-enèm", "saking-nem"]·KO["에서", "에서-어린이", "젊은이에서"]·PT["de-jovem", "desde-jovem"]·RU["от-юноши"]·ES["desde-joven"]·SW["kutoka-kijana"]·TR["gençten", "gençten-"]·urd["جوان-سے", "سے-نوجوان"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H0376 1. man, person, human male (2130×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
II. נַ֫עַר239 n.m. 1. boy, lad, youth. 2. retainer (not in P) (NH as BH; Ph. נער Lzb 324);—נ׳ abs. Gn 37:2 +; cstr. 1 S 2:13 +; sf. נַעֲרוֹ Ju 19:3 +, נַעֲרָהּ 2 K 4:24; pl. נְעָרִים 1 S 25:5 +, cstr. נַעֲרֵי Ex 24:5 +; sf. נְעָרַי Ne 4:10; 5:10, etc.;— 1. boy, lad, youth (c. 133 times) a. of infant Ex 2:6 (E; 3 months old), to be born Ju 13:5, 7, 8, 12, just born 1 S 4:21, not weaned 1 S 1:22;…