H3727 H3727
mercy seat — the gold slab atop the Ark of the Covenant where God's presence dwelt between the cherubim
Kapporet is a technical priestly term derived from kipper ('to make atonement') designating the solid gold slab placed on top of the Ark of the Testimony. Its 27 occurrences fall entirely within the Priestly source and the Chronicler, concentrated in Exodus 25-40 and Leviticus 16. Two and a half cubits long, it bore two cherubim hammered from one piece of gold, their wings forming the throne of God's visible presence (Exod 25:17-22). YHWH promised to meet Moses and speak 'from between the two cherubim' above it (Exod 25:22; Num 7:89). On the Day of Atonement the high priest sprinkled blood upon it to purge Israel's sins (Lev 16:14-15). The Septuagint's hilasterion ('place of propitiation') profoundly shaped New Testament theology, reappearing in Romans 3:25. Spanish 'propiciatorio,' French 'propitiatoire,' German 'Gnadendeckel' all derive from the atonement concept.
Senses
1. the mercy seat — The gold propitiatory slab covering the Ark of the Covenant, flanked by two cherubim whose outstretched wings formed the throne of YHWH's presence (Exod 25:17-22). Functioned as the focal point of atonement on Yom Kippur, when the high priest sprinkled blood upon it to purge Israel's sins (Lev 16:14-15). God spoke to Moses 'from above the kapporet, from between the two cherubim' (Exod 25:22; Num 7:89). The LXX hilasterion shaped Paul's application to Christ (Rom 3:25). Also appears in the Chronicler's temple plan (1 Chr 28:11). 27×
AR["الغِطاءَ", "الغِطاءِ", "الْ-غِطَاءَ", "الْ-غِطَاءِ", "الْغِطَاءَ"]·ben["-প্রায়শ্চিত্তের-আসন", "ঢাকনার", "প্রায়শ্চিত্ত", "প্রায়শ্চিত্ত-ঢাকনার", "সেই-প্রায়শ্চিত্ত-আচ্ছাদন", "সেই-প্রায়শ্চিত্ত-আচ্ছাদনের", "সেই-প্রায়শ্চিত্ত-আবরণ", "সেই-প্রায়শ্চিত্ত-আবরণের"]·DE["der-Gnade-seat", "der-Gnadendeckel"]·EN["the-mercy-seat"]·FR["le-miséricorde-siège", "le-propitiatoire"]·heb["ה-כפורת", "ה-כפרת"]·HI["प्रायश्चित्त", "प्रायश्चित्त का ढक्कन", "प्रायश्चित्त के ढक्कन", "प्रायश्चित्त-के", "प्रायश्चित्त-ढक्कन", "प्रायश्चित्त-ढक्कन-के"]·ID["tutup pendamaian", "tutup-pendamaian", "tutup-pendamaian."]·IT["il-misericordia-seat", "il-propiziatorio"]·jav["tutup-pangapuntan", "tutup-pangapuntan,", "tutup-pangapuntan;", "tutup-pangapunten-punika", "tutup-pangapuran-punika", "tutup-pangapuran-punika,", "tutup-pangapuran-punika.", "tutup-pangruwatan"]·KO["그-속죄덮개", "그-속죄소", "그-속죄소를", "그-속죄소의"]·PT["a-kapporet", "o-propiciatório"]·RU["крышке", "крышке-искупления", "крышки", "крышки-искупления", "крышкой", "крышкой-искупления", "крышку", "крышку-искупления"]·ES["el-propiciatorio"]·SW["kifuniko-cha-rehema", "kiti-cha-rehema", "za-kifuniko-cha-rehema", "za-kiti-cha-rehema"]·TR["-bağışlanma-kapağı", "-bağışlanma-kapağına", "-bağışlanma-kapağını", "-bağışlanma-kapağının", "bağışlanma-kapağı", "bağışlanma-kapağı-üzerinde", "bağışlanma-kapağı-üzerine", "bağışlanma-kapağını", "bağışlanma-kapağının"]·urd["-کفارے-کے-ڈھکنے-کے", "سرپوش", "سرپوش-کے", "کفارہ", "کفارہ-گاہ", "کفارہ-گاہ-کو", "کفارہ-گاہ-کے", "کفارے", "کفارے-کے"]
Exod 25:17, Exod 25:18, Exod 25:19, Exod 25:20, Exod 25:20, Exod 25:21, Exod 25:22, Exod 26:34, Exod 30:6, Exod 31:7, Exod 35:12, Exod 37:6 (+15 more)
Related Senses
H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)G4336 1. pray to God (86×)H6944 3. holy things, sacred offerings (plural) (86×)H3722a 1. make ritual atonement (Piel) (85×)H6912 1. bury (Qal active) (82×)H6419 1. pray (Hitpael) (80×)H6944 4. holiness (with possessive pronoun) (77×)H6942 1. sanctify, consecrate (Piel factitive) (76×)H2930a 1. Qal: be/become unclean (75×)H7819a 1. slaughter an animal (Qal active) (72×)H1486 1. lot (object cast for decisions) (71×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† כַּפֹּרֶת n. propitiatory, late techn. word from כּפר cover over sin: the older explan. cover, lid has no justification in usage; 𝔊 ἱλαστήριον; only P: Ex 25:17, 18, 19, 20(×2), 21, 22; 26:34; 30:6; 31:7; 35:12; 37:6, 7, 8, 9(×2); 39:35; 40:20 Lv 16:2(×2), 13, 14(×2), 15(×2) Nu 7:89, and 1 Ch 28:11; it was a slab of gold 2 ½ cubits × 1 ½ c. placed on top of the ark of the testimony. On it, and…