H3680 H3680
To cover, conceal, clothe; to be covered; to cover oneself; to overwhelm or engulf
The primary Hebrew verb for placing something over or upon a surface so as to hide, protect, or enclose it. In the Piel it describes covering the earth with water (Gen 7:19), covering blood with dust (Lev 17:13), or a cloud covering the tabernacle (Num 9:15). From physical covering, the verb extends naturally to concealing sin or hiding wrongdoing — Proverbs draws the contrast between the fool who 'covers shame' and the wise who 'conceals knowledge' (12:16, 23). Arabic preserves this same bifurcation: ghatta and satara for physical covering versus katama and akhfa for hiding secrets. The reflexive Hitpael portraits figures veiling themselves in mourning or disguise — Tamar covering herself before Judah (Gen 38:14), or kings rending garments and covering in sackcloth before God (2 Kgs 19:1).
Senses
1. Piel: to cover physically — The Piel intensive sense of physically covering a surface, object, or person with material — cloth, earth, cloud, skin, water, or fat. Arabic ghatta/yughattiyi (cover completely) and Spanish cubrir converge on full surface coverage. This is the workhorse sense across 101 occurrences: the waters covering the mountains in the flood (Gen 7:19-20), frogs covering the land of Egypt (Exod 8:6), the sea returning to cover Pharaoh's chariots (Exod 14:28, 15:5, 15:10), and the glory-cloud covering the tabernacle (Num 9:15). 101×
AR["-المُغَطِّي","المُغَطِّي","لِ-تَغْطِيَ","لِ-تُغَطِّيَ","لِ-سَترِ","لِ-يُغَطِّيَ","لِتُغَطِّيَ","لِيُغَطِّيَهُ","وَ-غَطَّتْ","وَ-غَطَّى","وَ-غَطَّيَا","وَ-غَطّى","وَغَطَّتْ"]·ben["আবৃত-করতে","আর-ঢেকে-দিল","এবং-ঢাকল","এবং-ঢেকে-দিল","ও-ঢেকে-দিল","ঢাকতে","ঢাকার-জন্য","যা-আবৃত-করে","সেই-আবৃত-করা"]·DE["bedecken","der-Decke","der-covering","und-bedeckte","und-bedeckten","zu-bedecke","zu-bedecken"]·EN["and-covered","the-covering","to-cover"]·FR["[לכסות]","couvrir","et-couvrit","le-couverture","à-couvre","à-couvrir"]·heb["ה-מכסה","ו-יכס","ו-יכסו","ו-כיסה","ו-כיסו","ו-כיסתה","ו-כסתה","ו-מכסה","ל-כסות"]·HI["और-ढक-गई","और-ढक-लिया","और-ढका","और-धअनक","और-धका","जो-ढाँकती-है","ढकने-के-लिए","ढकने-को","ढकने-वाली","ढाँकने-को","ढांकने"]·ID["Dan-menutupi","dan-menutupi","dan-mereka-menutupi","untuk-menutupi","untuk-menutupinya","yang-menutupi"]·IT["[לכסות]","a-copri","a-coprire","coprire","e-copri","e-coprì","il-copertura","il-covering"]·jav["Lan-nutupi","ingkang-nutupi","kagem-nutupi","kang-nutupi","kanggé-nutupi","lan-nutupi","sarta-nutupi","supados-nutupi"]·KO["그-것-이-닮는","그-덮는","그리고-덮었다","덮기-위하여","덮기위하여","덮으려고","덮으려고-"]·PT["E-cobriu","a-que-cobre","e-cobriram","e-cobriu","para-cobrir"]·RU["её","и-накрыла","и-покрыла","и-покрыли","и-покрыло","покрывающий","чтобы-покрывать","чтобы-покрыть"]·ES["Y-cubrió","la-que-cubre","para-cubrir","y-cubrieron","y-cubrió"]·SW["kufunika","kuifunika","mataji","na-akafunika","na-ikafunika","na-likafunika","na-wakafunika","na-wingu-lilifunika","na-yakafunika","nguzo","yanayofunika"]·TR["-örten","Ve-örttü","ve-kapladı","ve-örttü","ve-örttüler","örten","örtmek","örtmek-için"]·urd["-ڈھانپنے-والی","اور-ڈھانپ-لیا","اور-ڈھانپا","اور-ڈھانکا","ڈھانپنے-کو","ڈھانپنے-کے-لیے","ڈھانکنے-والی","ڈھانکنے-کو","کے لیے-ڈھانکنے"]
Gen 9:23, Exod 8:6, Exod 14:28, Exod 15:5, Exod 15:10, Exod 16:13, Exod 24:15, Exod 28:42, Exod 29:13, Exod 29:22, Exod 40:34, Lev 3:3 (+38 more)
2. Piel: to conceal or hide — The Piel sense of concealing or hiding information, guilt, or wrongdoing from knowledge. Arabic satara (veil from sight), katama (suppress), and akhfa (conceal) all use distinct roots from physical covering, confirming a genuine semantic shift. Gen 18:17 asks 'Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do?' Proverbs 10:18 warns that whoever 'covers hatred' with lying lips is a fool, while Prov 28:13 teaches that 'whoever conceals their transgressions will not prosper.' Job 31:33 invokes Adam's paradigmatic attempt to hide sin. 22×
AR["أَخْفَيْتُ","أَسْتُرُهَا","أَسْتُرْ","احْتَمَيْتُ","الْمُخْفِي","تَسْتُرُ","تَسْتُرْ","تُخْفِي","سَتَرتُ","سَتَرْتَ","لِسَترِ","مَنْ-يُغَطِّي","هَلْ-أُخْفِي","وَ-ساتِرُ","وَ-نُخْفِي","وَسَتَرْتُ","يَكْتُمُ","يُغَطِّي"]·ben["আচ্ছাদন-কর","আড়াল-করেছি।","আবৃত-করে","আমি-আবৃত-করব-তাকে","আর-ঢাকলাম","আর-ঢেকে-রাখি","এবং-যে-লুকিয়ে-রাখে","কি-লুকিয়ে-রাখছি","ঢাকতে-","ঢাকবে","তুমি-আবৃত-করেছিলে","যে-ঢাকে","যে-লুকিয়ে-রাখে","লুকিয়ে-রাখবে","লুকিয়েছি","লুকিয়েছিলাম"]·DE["bedecken","bedeckte","du-soll-bedecken","er-bedeckt","soll-ich-verbergen","und-bedecken","und-bedeckte","und-verbergen","von-bedeckte"]·EN["I-covered","I-have-covered","I-have-hidden","I-hide","I-will-cover-it","and-I-covered","and-cover","any-more","but-one-who-overlooks","conceals","cover","for-covering","he-who-conceals","keeps","one-who-covers","shall-I-hide","you-covered","you-shall-cover"]·FR["--Je-cacher","[תכס]","comme-couvrir","couvrir","et-couvrir","tu-devra-couvrir"]·heb["אכסנו","המכסה","ו-אכסה","ו-כוסה","ו-כסינו","יכסה","כוסה","כיסית","כיסיתי","ל-כסות","מכסה","תכס","תכסה"]·HI["और-ढाँकनेवाला","और-ढाँपा-मैंने","और-हम-ढकें","क्य-मैन-छिपओनग","छिपानेवाला","छिपाया-मैंने","छुपाओ","ढक","ढकेगी","ढाँकता-है","ढांकने-को","ढांकने-वाला","तूने-ढाँका","मैं-ढाँकूँगा-उसे","मैंने-छिपाया","मैंने-छिपाया-है"]·ID["Aku-menutupinya,","Engkau-menutupi","Siapa-menutupi","Yang-menyembunyikan","aku menutupi","aku-berlindung","apakah-menyembunyikan","dan-Aku-menutupi","dan-kita-menyembunyikan","kamu-melindungi","menutupi","menyembunyikan","tetapi-yang-menutupi","untuk-menutupi"]·IT["[תכס]","copri'","coprire","e-coprire","shall-io-nascondere","tu-dovra-coprire"]·jav["Kawula-badhe-nutupi","Panjenengan-nutupi","kangge-nutupi","kedah-panjenengan-nutupi","kula-ngeyup","kula-nutupi","kula-tutupi","lan-Aku-nutupi","lan-kita-nutupi","lan-tiyang-kang-nutupi","menapa-Kula-ndhelik","nutupi","tiyang-kang-nutupi"]·KO["가리지","감추는-자는","감춘다","그러나-덮는-자-는","그리고-감추면","그리고-내가-덮았다","내-가-숨었나이다","내가-감추었다","내가-덮으리라-그것을","덮으리니","덮으리라-네가","덮으셨나이다","덮지","로-덮기-위해","숨겼도다","숨기겠는가-","숨기는-자-는","숨기는다"]·PT["Encobertador-de","Escondendo","Quem-encobre","cobre","cobri","cobrirei-o","cobrirá","cobriste","cubras","e-cobri","e-ocultarmos","e-quem-encobre","encobre","encobri","me-abrigo","o-encobrirás","para-cobrir"]·RU["а-скрывающий","будет-скрывать","для-покрытия","и-покрыл-Я","и-скроем","покрою","покрывай","покрыл-Ты","прибегаю","разве-скрывающий","скрывает","скрывай","скрывал-я","скрывают","скрывающий","скрыл","скрыл-я"]·ES["El-que-encubre","acaso-encubriré","cubras","cubre","cubrirá","cubriré","cubriste","cubrí","el-que-cubre","encubrirás","encubrí","me-refugio","oculto","para-cubrir","y-cubrí","y-el-que-cubre","y-ocultamos"]·SW["Je-nitaficha","anaficha","anafunika","anayeficha","funika","kinafunika","kuificha","kwa-kufunika","lakini-anayefunika","na-nikafunika","na-tufiche","niliificha","nimejificha","nitalifunika","sikuuficha","ulifunika","usimfiche"]·TR["gizledim","gizleyecek-miyim","ortecek","sakladım","sığındım","ve-örteceğiz","ve-örten","örteceksin","örteceğim-onu","örten","örter","örtme","örtmek-için","örttün","üzerine"]·urd["اور-مَیں-نے-ڈھانپا","اور-چھپائیں-ہم","اور-چھپانے-والا","میں نے چھپایا","میں-چھپتا-ہوں","چھپائی-میں-نے","چھپائے-گی","چھپاتا-ہے","چھپانا","چھپانے-والا","چھپایا-میں-نے","ڈھانپ","ڈھانپ-دیا-تُو-نے","ڈھانپوں-گا-اُسے","ڑھانکنے-کو","کیا-چھپاؤں"]
3. Pual/Niphal: to be covered — The Pual, Niphal, and Qal passive participle sense of being covered — the passive state resulting from another's action. French couvrir (passive) and Spanish cubierto (covered) both carry this stative sense. Ps 32:1 is theologically central: 'Blessed is the one whose sin is covered' (kesuy chata'ah), where God puts transgression out of sight. Gen 7:19-20 describes the mountains being covered by floodwaters; Jer 51:42 portrays Babylon submerged by enemy waves. 10×
AR["الْمَسْتُورِ","غَطَّتْ","غَطَّى","غُمِرَتْ","مُغَطَّاةٌ","مُغَطَّينَ","وَ-تَغَطَّتِ","وَ-تَغَطَّتْ","يُغَطَّى"]·ben["আবৃত","আবৃত-হয়","এবং-ঢাকা-পড়ল","ঢাকা","ঢাকা-হওয়ার","ঢেকে-গেছে","ঢেকে-দিয়েছিল","সে-ঢাকা-পড়েছে"]·DE["bedecken","bedeckte","der-bedeckte","er-bedeckt","und-bedeckt-wurden","und-bedeckten"]·EN["and-were-covered","covered","is-covered","she-is-covered","the-one-covered","to-be-covered","were-covered"]·FR["[מכסים]","comme-couvrir","couvrir","et-étaient-couvrit"]·heb["היכסות","ו-יכסו","יכוסה","כיסו","כסו","כסוי","מכוסות","מכסים","נכסתה"]·HI["और-धक-गये","ढक-गई","ढक-गए","ढका-रहेगा","ढका-हुआ-है","ढकी-हुई","ढके-हुए","वह-डूब-गई"]·ID["Menutupi","berpakaian","dan-tertutupi","ditutupi","ia-diselimuti","menutupi","tertutup"]·IT["[מכסים]","copri'","coprire","e-furono-coprì"]·jav["Nutupi","dipun-tutupi","dipun-tutupi.","dipuntutup","ingkang-dipun-tutupi","lan-kasilem","nutupi","sampun-kasiram"]·KO["가리워진","그리고-덮였다","덮어지게","덮여있더라","덮여졌다-그녀가","덮여진","덮였나이다","덮인","덮인다"]·PT["Cobriram","cobertas","coberto","cobertos","cobriram","e-foram-cobertos","foi-coberta","ser-coberto","é-coberto"]·RU["и-покрылись","покрылась","покрыли","покрыт-он","покрыто.","покрытые","покрытый"]·ES["Cubrieron","cubiertas","cubiertos","el-cubierto-de","ha-sido-cubierta","habían-cubierto","sea-cubierta","será-cubierto","y-fueron-cubiertos"]·SW["Yalifunikwa","imefunikwa","kufunikwa","linafunikwa","mwenye-kufunikwa","na-yakafunikwa","wamefunikwa","yalifunika","yalifunikwa"]·TR["kaplamıştı","ortulecek","ve-örtüldü","örttüler","örtüldü","örtülen","örtülmek","örtülü","örtünmüş"]·urd["اور-ڈھک-گئے","وہ-ڈھانپ-دی-گئی","چھپایا-جائے-گا","ڈھانپ-دیا","ڈھانپا-جائے","ڈھنکی-گئی-ہے","ڈھکا-ہوا-تھا","ڈھکی-ہوئی","ڈھکے-ہوئے"]
4. Hitpael: to cover oneself — The Hitpael reflexive sense of covering oneself with a garment, veil, or sackcloth — whether for mourning, modesty, or disguise. Arabic taghatta (cover oneself) and iktasa (clothe oneself) both encode self-directed action. Rebekah veils herself upon seeing Isaac (Gen 24:65), Hezekiah covers himself in sackcloth before entering the temple (2 Kgs 19:1), and Prov 26:26 warns that hatred 'covers itself' with deception but will be exposed before the assembly. 9×
AR["تُغَطَّى","مُتَغَطٍّ","مُكْتَسِينَ","وَ-اكْتَسَى","وَ-يَتَغَطَّوْا","وَاكْتَسَى","وَتَغَطَّتْ","يَتَغَطَّوْنَ"]·ben["-তারা-ঢাকবে","আবৃত","আবৃতদের","এবং-আচ্ছাদন-হোক","এবং-আবৃত-করল","এবং-ঢাকলেন-নিজেকে","ও-সে-ঢাকল","ঢাকা-থাকে"]·DE["bedecken","bedeckend-sich-selbst","bedeckte","und-bedecken","und-bedeckte","und-er-bedeckte-sich-selbst","und-verhüllte-sich","war-bedeckend-sich-selbst"]·EN["and-covered-herself","and-he-covered-himself","and-let-be-covered","covering-themselves","is-covered","shall-they-cover-themselves","to","was-covering-himself","with-sackcloth"]·FR["couvrant-eux-mêmes","couvrir","et-couvrir","et-couvrit-elle-même","et-il-couvrit-lui-même","fut-couvrant-lui-même"]·heb["ו-יתכס","ו-יתכסו","ו-תתכס","יתכסו","מתכסה","מתכסים","תיכסה"]·HI["और-ढक-ली-अपने-आपको","और-ढका","और-ढांपें","ढकी-होती","ढके-हुए","लपेटा-हुआ-था","वे-ढकेंगे"]·ID["Dan-hendaklah-mereka-menutupi-diri","Ditutupi","berselimutkan","berselubung","dan-dia-menyelimuti-diri","dan-menutupi-diri","dan-menyelimuti-diri","menyelimuti-diri","mereka-akan-menutupi-diri"]·IT["coprendo-sé-stessi","coprire","e-coprire","e-coprì-se-stessa","e-egli-coprì-sé-stesso","era-coprendo-sé-stesso"]·jav["badhe-nutupi-piyambakipun","dipuntutupi","ing-karung","kaliyan-karung","lan-badhé-katutupi","lan-ngatupi","lan-nutupi","ngangge","nutupi"]·KO["그가-덮었다","그리고-가렸다","그리고-덮었다","그리고-덮으라","덮고-있었다","덮어지나","덮으리라","덮은-자들로"]·PT["Cobrir-se-á","E-cubram-se","cobertos","cobrindo-se","e-cobriu-se","se-cobrirão"]·RU["И-пусть-покроются","и-покрылась","и-покрылся","покроются","покрывался","покрытых","скрывается"]·ES["Se-cubre","Y-cubranse","cubiertos","cubriéndose","se-cubrirán","y-se-cubrió"]·SW["amejifunika","hawatajifunika","hufunikwa","na-akajifunika","na-akajivika","na-wafunikwe","wakiwa-wamejifunika","wakiwa-wamejivika"]·TR["Ve-örtünsünler","ortunecekler","ortunmus","ve-ortundu","ve-örtündü","örten","örtülse-de","örtünmüş-"]·urd["اور-اوڑھ-لیا","اور-اوڑھا","اور-اوڑھیں","اور-چھپا-لیا-آپ-کو","اوڑھا-ہوا-تھا","اوڑھے-ہوئے","چھپی-رہتی-ہے","ڈھانپیں-گے"]
5. Piel: to clothe or dress — The Piel sense of covering a person specifically with garments or clothing, often as an act of care, provision, or honor. Arabic kasa (clothe someone) preserves the cognate root in its clothing-specific sense. Ezek 16:10 portrays God clothing Jerusalem in embroidered cloth and fine linen as an act of covenant love. Isa 58:7 commands 'when you see the naked, cover him' — an ethical imperative. 1 Kgs 1:1 describes old king David unable to get warm though they covered him with garments. 6×
AR["تَكْتَسِي-","وَ-تَكْسُوهُ","وَ-كَسَّاهُ","وَكَسَوْتُكِ","وَكَسَوْتِهَا","وَكَسَّوْهُ"]·ben["-এবং-তাকে-ঢেকে-দাও","আর-ঢাকলাম-তোমাকে","আর-ঢাকলে-তাদের","এবং-ঢাকলেন-তাঁকে","এবং-দেখল","ঢাকো-"]·DE["du-bedecken-","und-bedecken","und-bedeckte-ihn","und-sie-bedeckte-ihn"]·EN["and-I-covered-you","and-covered-him","and-they-covered-him","and-you-cover-him","and-you-covered-them","you-cover-"]·FR["et-couvrir","et-couvrit-lui","et-ils-couvrit-lui","tu-couvrir-"]·heb["ו-אכסך","ו-כיסהו","ו-כיסו-הו","ו-כיסיתו","ו-תכסים","תכסה-"]·HI["और-उसे-ढकना","और-ओढ़ाया-तुझे-मैंने","और-ढके-उसे","और-ढाँपा-उनको","और-ढाँपा-उन्हें-तूने","ढकेगा-"]·ID["dan-Aku-menutupimu","dan-engkau-menutupi-mereka,","dan-engkau-menutupinya","dan-menutupinya","dan-mereka-menyelimutinya","kamu-menutupi-"]·IT["e-coprire","e-coprì-lui","e-essi-coprì-lui","tu-coprire-"]·jav["lan-Aku-nutupi-panjenengan","lan-dipun-tutupi-piyambakipun","lan-nutupi","lan-panjenengan-nutupi-piyambakipun","panjenengan-nutupi-"]·KO["그리고-그들이-덮었다-그를","그리고-내가-덮았다-너를","그리고-너는-덮았다-그것들을","그리고-덮으라","그리고-덮으셨다-그를","덮으리라-"]·PT["e-cobri-te","e-cobriam-o","e-cobrires-o","e-cobriste-os","e-cobriu-o","te-cobrires-"]·RU["и-оденешь-его","и-покрывали-его","и-покрыл-Я-тебя","и-покрыла-их","и-покрыло-их","покрываешься-"]·ES["te-cubras-","y-las-cubriste","y-lo-cubras","y-lo-cubrieron","y-los-cubrió","y-te-cubrí"]·SW["na-ikawafunika","na-nikakufunika","na-ukazifunika","na-umfunike","na-wakamfunika","utajifunika-"]·TR["ve-kuşattım","ve-orteceksin-onu","ve-örttü","ve-örttüler-onu","ve-örttün","örtünüyorsun-"]·urd["اور-انہوں-نے-اُسے-ڈھانپا","اور-تُو-نے-ڈھانپا-اُنہیں","اور-مَیں-نے-ڈھانپا-تجھے","اور-ڈھانپ-دیا-اُسے","اور-ڈھانپنا-اُسے","تُو-اڑھے-"]
6. Piel: to overwhelm or engulf — The Piel sense of overwhelming or engulfing — waters, darkness, or shame covering and submerging a person entirely. Arabic ghashiya (overwhelm) and ghamara (inundate) point to catastrophic submersion rather than mere covering. Ps 55:5 cries 'horror has overwhelmed me'; Ezek 7:18 warns that 'shame shall cover all faces'; Mic 7:10 foretells that the enemy 'shall be covered with shame.' The imagery shades from physical flood to emotional engulfment. 5×
AR["(يَغْمُرُهُمْ)","[يَغْمُرُهُمْ]","وَ-تَغْشاهُمْ","وَ-غَشِيَتني","وَيَغْشَاهَا"]·ben["(ঢাকবে।)","[ঢাকবে]","আর-ঢেকে-নেবে","এবং-তাকে-ঢাকবে","ও-আবৃত-করেছে-আমাকে"]·DE["bedeckte","und-bedecken","und-bedeckte"]·EN["(let-it-cover-them)","[ketiv:let-it-cover-them]","and-covers-me","and-shall-cover","and-will-cover-her"]·FR["couvrir","et-couvrir"]·heb["(יכסמו)","[יכסומו]","ו-כיסתה","ו-תכסה","ו-תכסני"]·HI["उन्हें-ढांके","और-ढाँकेगी-उसे","और-ढांकेगी"]·ID["(menutupi-mereka)","[menutupi-mereka]","dan-akan-menutupi-dia","dan-menutupi"]·IT["copri'","e-copri'","e-coprire"]·jav["kula","lan-nutupi-tiyang-tiyang-punika","lan-wirang-badhé-nutupi","mugi-nutupi-piyambakipun"]·KO["그리고-덮었도다","그리고-덮으리라","그리고-덮을-것-이다-그녀-를","덮을지어다","덮을지어다-그들-을"]·PT["e-cobri-la-á","e-cobrirá-os","e-cobriu-me","os-cubra"]·RU["[kethiv]","и-покроет","и-покроет-её","и-покрыл-меня","покроет-их"]·ES["[los-cubra]","los-cubra","y-cubrirá","y-la-cubrirá","y-me-cubrió"]·SW["(iwafunike)","[iwafunike]","na-aibu-itamfunika","na-itawafunika","na-utisho"]·TR["ve-kapladı-beni","ve-örtecek","ve-örtecek-onu","örtsün-onları"]·urd["اور-ڈھانپ-لے-گی","اور-ڈھانپے-گی-اُسے","اُنہیں","وَ-ڈھانپ-لِیا-مُجھے","ڈھانکے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H???? 1. (4670×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. [כָּסָה] vb. cover (NH כָּסָה Pi; Aramaic כְּסָא chiefly Pa; ܟܣܳܐ Pa. hide, cover; ܟܣܳܝܳܐ covering, ܬܰܟܣܺܝܬܳܐ garment; Arabic كَسَا (كسو) clothe, كِسَآءٌ garment; Assyrian kusû, cover; kusîtu, garment DlHWB 342)— Qal , only Pt. act. כֹּסֶה;— 1. conceal shame Pr 12:16; knowledge Pr 12:23. 2. pass. (cstr.) כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה ψ 32:1 covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of…