H3513 H3513
be heavy (weight); honor, respect; be honored, glorified; make heavy, harden; be/make glorious; be rich
At its core this root means 'be heavy' in a physical sense — hands, yokes, famine, battle. From this concrete meaning radiates a rich semantic field: honoring parents or God (treating them as 'weighty'), being honored or glorified (having weight or substance), hardening the heart (making it heavy and unresponsive), and even being wealthy (heavy with possessions). The Piel actively honors, the Nifal is honored, the Hifil makes heavy or hardens. Arabic كَرَّمَ marks the honorific sense, while أَثْقَلَ captures the physical and metaphorical burden. The dual semantic trajectory — weight leading to honor and weight leading to burden — structures the whole lexical field.
1. honor / show respect (Piel) — The Piel active sense of honoring or showing respect appears 30 times, primarily with parents, elders, and God as objects. Exodus 20:12 commands 'Honor your father and mother,' Numbers 22:17 records Balak's plea to Balaam 'I will honor you greatly.' Arabic كَرَّمَ ('honor, make noble'), Korean 공경하다 ('show respect'), and Swahili -heshimu ('respect') consistently distinguish this from physical weight, marking the metaphorical extension where social and spiritual weight equals honor. 30×
AR["أَكْرَمُونِي","أَكْرِمْ","أَكْرِمْنِي","أُكْرِمُكَ","إِكْرَامًا","تُكَرِّمْنِي","مُكَرِّمِيهَا","هَل-مُكَرِّماً","وَ-مُكَرِّمُهُ","وَ-نُكَرِّمُكَ","يُكَرَّمُ","يُكَرِّمُ"]·ben["আমাকে-সম্মান-কর","আমি-তোমাকে-সম্মান-করব","আমি-সম্মান-দেব-তোমাকে","এবং-যে-সম্মান-করে-তাঁকে","এবং-সম্মান-করি-তোমাকে","কি-সম্মান-করছেন","যারা-সম্মান-করত-তাকে","সম্মান-কর","সম্মান-করতে","সম্মান-করবে","সম্মান-করে","সম্মান-করেছ-আমাকে","সম্মান-করেছে-আমাকে","সম্মান-করো","সম্মান-দেব","সম্মানিত-হবে","সে-সম্মান-করে"]·DE["Ehre","Ehre-mich","ehren","ehrte","er-ehrt","honoring","ich-wird-Ehre-du","ist-honoring","und-ehrte","und-wir-wird-Ehre-du"]·EN["I-will-honor-you","and-we-will-honor-you","but-he-who-honors-Him","but-its-heart","he-honors","he-shall-honor","honor","honor-me","honoring","honors","is-honored","is-honoring","who-honored-her","will-be-honored","you-have-honored-Me"]·FR["est-honorant","et-honorer-lui","et-nous-sera-honneur-tu","glorifier","honneur","honneur-moi","honorant","honorer","je-fera-honorer-tu","être-glorieux"]·heb["אכבדך","ה-מכבד","ו-כיבדנוך","ו-מכבדו","יכבד","יכובד","כבד","כבד-ני","כיבדוני","כיבדתני","מכבדיה"]·HI["आदर-कर","आदर-करता-है","आदर-करेगा","आदर-किया-तूने-मुझे","आदर-पाएगा।","उसके-आदर-करनेवाले","और-सम्मान-करनेवाला-उसका","और-हम-आदर-करें-तेरा","क्या-सम्मान-करता-है","मानकर","मैं-तेरा-मान-करूंगा","वह-आदर-करता-है","सन्मान","सन्मानित-करूँगा-तुझे","सम्मन-कर","सम्मान-दे","सम्मान-देते-हैं-मुझे","सम्मानित-होगा"]·ID["Hormatilah","Muliakanlah","akan-dihormati","akan-kuhormati-engkau","apakah-menghormati","dan-kami-memuliakan-Engkau","dia-akan-memuliakan","engkau-memuliakan-Ku","ia-hormati","menghormati","mereka-memuliakan-Ku","muliakanlah-aku","tetapi-yang-memuliakan-Nya","yang-menghormatinya"]·IT["e-noi-volere-onore-tu","e-onorare-suo","honoring","io-fara-onorare-tu","onorare","onore-me","onoro'","è-honoring"]·jav["Hormati","Ngajènana","Punapa-ngurmati","badé-dipunajeni","damel-mulya","dipun-urmati","ingkang-ngurmati-piyambakipun","kawula-badhé-ngurmati-panjenengan","kula-badhe-ndamel-mulya-panjenengan","lan-kita-ngurmati-Panjenengan","lan-tiyang-kang-ngurmati","mulyakaken-kawula","ngluhuraken-Kawula","ngurmati","panjenengan-sampun-ngluhuraken-Ingsun","piyambak-ipun-badhé-ngurmati"]·KO["공경하라","공경하리라","공경한다","그녀-존경하던-자들-이","그러나-존경하는-자-는","그리고-우리가-존경하겠다-당신을","나를-공경하나","내가-존경할-것이다-너를","내가-존귀하겠다-너를","영화롭게-했느니라-나를","존경받는다","존경하나이다","존경하는-것-을","존귀를-얻다","존귀하여","존중하는가","존중하라-나를"]·PT["Acaso-honra","Honra","Me-honraram","e-honraremos-te","e-quem-o-honra","honra","honra-me","honrar","honrará","me-honraste","que-a-honravam","será-honrado","te-honrarei","¶ Honra"]·RU["Почитай","Чти","а-чтящий-Его","будет-почтён","и-почтим-тебя","почитавшие-его","почитает","почти-меня","почтит","почтить","почту-тебя","разве-чтить","чтил-ты-Меня","чтит-Меня"]·ES["Honra","honra","honrar","honrará","hónrame-","los-que-la-honraban","me-honra","me-honraste","será-honrado","te-honraré","y-el-que-lo-honra","y-te-honraremos","¿acaso-honra"]·SW["Mheshimu","Waheshimu","anaheshimu","ataheshimiwa","ataheshimu","je-anamheshimu","kukuheshimu","lakini-anayemheshimu","na-tukuheshimu","niheshimu","nitakuheshimu","waheshimu","waliomheshimu","wananiheshimu"]·TR["Saygı-göster","kesinlikle-onurlandır-","mı-onurlandırıyor","onayla","onur-gosterdi-bana","onurlandır-beni","onurlandıracağım-seni","onurlandırmak","onurlandırılacak","onurlandırılır","onurlandırırım-seni","sayar","saygı-duyar","saygı-gösterenler-ona","ve-onurlandıralım-seni","ve-onurlandıran-O'nu","yucelttin-beni","yüceltecek"]·urd["اور-عزت-کرنے-والا-اُس-کا","اور-عزت-کریں-گے-تیری۔","تُو-نے-عزت-کی-میری","جو-عزّت-کرتے-تھے-اُس-کی","عزت-دے","عزت-دے-گا","عزت-پائے-گا","عزت-کر","عزت-کر-مجھے","عزت-کرتا-ہے","عزت-کرتی-ہے-مجھے","عزت-کرنا","عزت-کروں-گا-تیری","وہ-عزت-دیتا-ہے","کیا-عزت-دیتا-ہے"]
Exod 20:12, Num 22:17, Num 22:17, Num 22:37, Num 24:11, Num 24:11, Deut 5:16, Judg 9:9, Judg 13:17, 1 Sam 2:29, 1 Sam 2:30, 1 Sam 2:30 (+18 more)
▼ 11 more senses below
Senses
2. be heavy (physical weight) — The Qal stative sense of being physically heavy accounts for 19 occurrences covering hands, yokes, famine, and battle. Genesis 18:20 describes the outcry of Sodom as 'heavy,' Exodus 5:9 commands making the labor heavy on the Israelites. This is the concrete, literal root sense from which honor and burden metaphors spring. Arabic retains separate roots for weight and honor, but Hebrew unites them. 19×
AR["أَثْقَلُ","ثَقيلَةً","ثَقُلَتَا","ثَقُلَتْ","ثَقِيلَةٌ","شَدِيدَةٌ","كانَ ثَقيلاً","لِيَثْقُلِ","وَ-اشتَدَّت","وَ-ثَقُلَتْ","وَاثْقُلْتِ","وَاشْتَدَّتْ","وَثَقُلَ","يَثقُلُ"]·ben["আর-ভারী-হলে","এবং-ভারী-হল","ও-কঠিন-হয়েছিল","ও-ভারী-হয়েছে","ভারী","ভারী-ছিল","ভারী-হবে","ভারী-হয়","ভারী-হোক"]·DE["ehren","ehrte","er-ehrt","es-war-schwer","lass-sein-schwer","schwer","sie-ist-schwer","und-ehren","und-war-schwer","war-schwer","waren-schwer"]·EN["and-heavy","and-was-heavy","and-you-were-heavy","heavy","is-heavy","it-is-heavy","it-was-heavy","let-be-heavy","they-are-too-heavy","was-heavy","will-be-heavy"]·FR["cela-fut-lourd","et-fut-lourd","et-glorifier","et-honorer","et-était-lourd","et-être-glorieux","fut-lourd","glorifier","honorer","lourd","que-être-lourd"]·heb["ו-כבד","ו-כבדה","ו-תכבד","ו-תכבדי","יכבד","יכבדו","כבד","כבדה","כבדו","תכבד"]·HI["और-भअरि-हुइ","और-भारी-था","और-भारी-हुआ","और-भारी-हुई","और-भारी-हुई-तू","और-भारी-होगा","भरि","भारी","भारी-था","भारी-थी","भारी-थीं","भारी-है","भारी-हैं","भारी-हो-जाये","भारी-होगा"]·ID["Biarlah-diperberat","Dan-menjadi-berat","akan berat","berat","dan-berat","dan-beratlah","dan-engkau-diperberat","lebih-berat","menjadi-berat","sangat-berat","terlalu-berat","tetapi-berat-lah"]·IT["e-era-pesante","e-fu-pesante","e-glorificare","e-onorare","era-pesante","esso-era-pesante","glorificare","let-essere-pesante","onorare","onoro'","pesante"]·jav["Awrataken","Lan-dados-awrat","Lan-ndadosaken-awrat","awrat","badhe-awrat","lan-abot","lan-awrat","lan-panjenengan-dados-abot","ngangseli","sampun-awrat"]·KO["그리고-무거우리니","그리고-무거워졌다","그리고-무거웠다","그리고-무거웠다-너는","그리고-심해졌다","무거우리라","무거운데","무거워져라","무거워졌느니라","무거웠나이다","무거웠다","무겁다","무겁도다"]·PT["E-pesou","Que-se-agrave","e-foste-glorificada","e-pesou","estavam-pesados","está-pesado","pesada","pesado","pesam","pesava","pesou","seria-mais-pesada","será-pesada","§ E-pesou","é-pesada"]·RU["Пусть-будет-тяжелее","будет-тяжело","и-отяготела","и-отяжелела","и-тяжело","и-усилилась","отягощают","отяжелели","отяжелело","тяготела","тяжела","тяжелее","тяжелы","тяжёл","тяжёлая"]·ES["Y-se-agravó","Y-se-endureció","Y-se-intensificó","era-pesada","es-pesada","estaban-pesados","muy-pesado","pesada","pesado","pesan","que-se-agrave","se-agravaba","se-ha-agravado","será-pesada","sería-pesada","y-fuiste-cargada","y-pesada","y-pesó"]·SW["Na-ikazidi","ilikuwa-nzito","imezibwa","itakuwa-nzito","izidi","kubwa","na-ikawa-nzito","na-ikazidi","na-imekuwa-nzito","na-ulikuwa-mzito","ni-mzito","ni-nzito","ulizidi","vilikuwa-vikali","yalikuwa-mazito","yanazidi"]·TR["Ağırlasın","Ve-ağırlaştı","agir","ağır","ağır-bastı","ağır-olur","ağırdı","ağırdır","ağırlaşmıştı","ağırlaştı","ve-agir-oldu","ve-ağırlaştı","ve-ağırlaştın"]·urd["اور-بھاری-ہوئی-تُو","اور-بھاری-ہوا","اور-بھاری-ہوگا","اور-سخت-ہوئی","اور-شدید-ہوئی","بھاری","بھاری ہو گا","بھاری ہے","بھاری-تھا","بھاری-تھی","بھاری-تھے","بھاری-ہو","بھاری-ہوتا","بھاری-ہیں","بھاری-ہے","سخت","کمزور-ہو-گئیں"]
Gen 18:20, Gen 48:10, Exod 5:9, Judg 1:35, Judg 20:34, 1 Sam 5:6, 1 Sam 5:11, 1 Sam 31:3, 2 Sam 14:26, 1 Chr 10:3, Neh 5:18, Job 6:3 (+7 more)
3. be honored / be noble (Nifal) — The Nifal sense 'be honored, be noble' appears 17 times, often as a participial substantive meaning 'the honored ones, nobles.' Genesis 34:19 describes Shechem as 'the most honored in his father's house,' 1 Samuel 22:14 calls David 'honored in your house.' This is the passive counterpart of the Piel honoring sense (sense 1), where the subject receives honor or holds a noble status. 17×
AR["أَكرَمَ","أَكْرَمَ","عَلَى-المُكَرَّمِ","عُظَمَائِهَا","كُرِّمْتَ","مُكَرَّمًا","مُكَرَّمٌ","مُكَرَّمُو-","مُكَرَّمِي-","وَ-أَكْرَمَ","وَ-مُكَرَّمٌ","وَعُظَمَاءَهُمْ","ٱفْتَخِرْ"]·ben["-সম্মানিতের-বিরুদ্ধে","এবং-সম্মানিত","ও-তাদের-মাননীয়দের-কে","গৌরব-করো","তার-সম্মানিতদের","মহিমান্বিত-হলেন","সম্মানিত","সম্মানিত-","সম্মানিত-হয়েছ"]·DE["ehren","ehrte","er-ehrte-sich-selbst","sein-ehrte","und-ehrte","und-ihr-ehrte","und-mehr-ehrte","war-geehrt"]·EN["and-honored","and-more-honored","and-their-nobles","be-honored","he-honored-himself","her-nobles","honored","honored-ones-of-","you-are-honored"]·FR["et-glorifier","et-honora","et-plus-honora","glorifier","honora","honored","honorer","il-honora-lui-même","être-glorieux","être-honora"]·heb["ב-נכבד","הכבד","ו-נכבד","ו-נכבדיהם","ו-נכבדים","ניכבדי","ניכבדיה","נכבד","נכבדת"]·HI["आदरणीय","आदरणीय-को","आदरणीय-हुआ-तू","उसके-माननीयों","और-उनके-सम्मानितों-को","और-मअअनित","और-माननीय","माननीय-हुआ","सम्मानित","सम्मानित-","सम्मानित-था","सम्मानित-हो","सम्मानितों-"]·ID["bermegahlah","dan-dihormati","dan-orang-terhormat-mereka","dan-terhormat","dihormati","engkau-dihormati","kepada-yang-terhormat","mulia","orang-orang-terhormat-","orang-orang-terhormatnya","paling-terhormat","terhormat"]·IT["e-onoro'","e-onorò","e-piu-onoro","egli-onorò-sé-stesso","essere-onorò","glorificare","onorare","onorò"]·jav["dipun-hormati","dipunajeni","kajen","kaluhuraken","lan-kinurmatan","lan-langkung-kinurmatan","lan-tiyang-mulya-nipun","mongkoging","mulya","panjenengan-kaluhuraken","tiyang-ingkang-dipun-hormati-","tiyang-mulya","tumrap-ingkang-kajen"]·KO["관영있는-자들을-","관영있는-자들이라-","그녀의-귀족들","그리고-그들의-귀족들을","그리고-존경받는","영광을-누려라","존경-받는","존경받는","존경받았다","존귀하였느니라","존귀한-자에게","존귀했습니까"]·PT["contra-o-honrado","e-honrado","e-mais-honrados","e-seus-nobres","foi-honrado","foste-honrado","glorifica-te","honoráveis-de-","honrado","os-seus-nobres"]·RU["знатные-","знатных-","знатных-её","и-вельмож-их","и-почитаемый","и-почётных","почитаем","почитаемый","почтеннее","почтенному","почтён","почётный","прославился","славься"]·ES["contra-el-honorable","fuiste-honrado","gloríate","honorables-de","honrado","los-honorables-de","más-honorable","nobles-de-ella","se-honró","y-honrado","y-más-honorables","y-sus-nobles"]·SW["akaheshima","aliheshimika","alikuwa-mashuhuri","dhidi-ya-mheshimiwa","jisifu","mashuhuri-zaidi","mheshimiwa","na-anayeheshimiwa","na-wakuu-wao","na-wakuu-zaidi","umeheshimiwa","waheshimiwa-wake","wenye-heshima"]·TR["onurlandı","onurlu","onurluklari-","onurluklarini-","onurunu-al","saygin-olana","saygı-duyulan","saygın","sayılı","soylularının-onun","ve-onurlu","ve-saygın","ve-soylu-larını","yuce-oldun"]·urd["اور-اُن-کے-بزرگوں-کو","اور-عزت-والے","اور-معزز","اُس-کے-معزّزوں-پر","تُو-عزتدار-ہے","عزت-والا","عزت-والا-تھا","عزت-پایا","عزتدار-پر","عزتدار-ہے","فخر-کر","معزز","معزّز","معزّزوں-کو"]
Gen 34:19, Num 22:15, 1 Sam 9:6, 1 Sam 22:14, 2 Sam 6:20, 2 Sam 23:19, 2 Sam 23:23, 2 Kgs 14:10, 1 Chr 4:9, 1 Chr 11:21, 1 Chr 11:25, Ps 149:8 (+5 more)
4. make heavy / harden (Hifil) — The Hifil causative sense of making heavy, burdening, or hardening appears 14 times, most famously in the hardening of Pharaoh's heart (Exodus 8:15, 32; 9:34; 10:1). 1 Kings 12:10 records Rehoboam's vow to make the yoke heavier than Solomon's. Arabic أَثْقَلَ ('make heavy, burden') and Korean 완고하게 하다 ('make stubborn') reveal the dual semantic trajectory: physical weight and metaphorical obstinacy. 14×
AR["أَثقَلَ","أَثقِلْ","أَثْقَلوا","أَثْقَلَ","أَثْقَلُوا","أَثْقَلْتُ","أُثَقِّلُ","ثَقَّلْتِ","فَأَثْقَلَ","وَ-المُثقِلِ","وَأَثْقَلَ"]·ben["এবং-কঠিন-করলেন","এবং-যে-ভারী-করে","ও-কঠিন-করল","কঠিন-করেছি","তুমি-ভারী-করেছিলে","ভারী-করব","ভারী-করল","ভারী-করেছিলেন","ভারী-করেছেন","ভারী-করো","ভারী-বোঝা-চাপিয়েছিল"]·DE["ehren","ehrte","machte-schwer","und-ehrte","und-verhaertete","verhaertete"]·EN["He-made-heavy","I-will-make-heavy","and-hardened","and-loads-himself","hardened","made-heavy","make-heavy","they-made-heavy","you-made-heavy"]·FR["endurcit","et-endurcit","et-être-glorieux","fit-lourd","glorifier","honorer","être-glorieux"]·heb["אכביד","הִכְבִּיד","הכבד","הכבדת","הכבדתי","הכביד","הכבידו","ו-הכביד","ו-מכביד"]·HI["उन्होंने-भारी-किए","और-उसने-कठोर-किया","और-कठोर-किया","और-भारी-करने-वाला","कठोर-किया-है","तूने-भारी-किया","बोझ-डालते-थे","भारी-कर","भारी-करूँगा","भारी-किया","भारी-किया-था","भारी-की"]·ID["Dan-mengeraskan","Ia-memperberat","aku-akan-memberatkan","buatlah-berat","dan-memperberat","dan-mengeraskan","engkau-memberatkan","memberatkan","mengeraskan","mereka-membebaskan"]·IT["e-indurì","e-onorare","fece-pesante","glorificare","indurì","onorare"]·jav["Lan-ngatos-atosaken","Panjenengan-ndadosaken-awrat","damel-abot","damel-awrat","kula-damel-abot","lan-ngatos-atosaken","lan-tiyang-kang-nglempakaken","mbot-rekaos","ndadosaken-awrat","panjenengan-ngawrat","sampun-nggadhahi-atos"]·KO["그-가-무겁게-했네","그리고-무겁게-하는-자-여","그리고-무겁게-했다","그리고-완고하게-했다","둘하게-하라","무겁게-하겠다","무겁게-하였도다","무겁게-했느니라","무겁게-했다","완고하게-했다"]·PT["e-carrega-sobre-si","e-endureceu","endureci","farei-pesado","faz-pesados","fez-pesada","fez-pesado","fizeram-pesados","oprimiram","pesaste"]·RU["И-ожесточил","возложила-ты","и-ожесточил","и-отягощающему","ожесточил","отяготил","отягощали","отягчили","отяжели","отяжелил","отяжелю"]·ES["Y-endureció","agravaron","agravaste","endurecí","ha-agravado","haré-pesado","haz-pesados","hicieron-pesados","hizo-pesado","y-del-que-acumula","y-endureció"]·SW["aliifanya-kuwa-nzito","aliifanya-nzito","ameifanya-nzito","na-akauimarisha","na-anayejitwika","nimeuimarisha","nitaifanya-nzito","uliufanya-mzito","waliwabeba-watu-mzigo-mzito","waliyafanya-mazito","yafanye-mazito"]·TR["Ağırlaştıracağım","Ve-ağırlaştırdı","agirlasitrdin","agirlıastir","ağırlaştırdı","ağırlaştırdılar","ağırlaştırdım","ve-ağırlaştırana","ve-ağırlaştırdı"]·urd["اور-سخت-کیا","اور-سخت-کیا-اس-نے","اور-لادنے-والے","بھاری-رکھا","بھاری-کر","بھاری-کی","بھاری-کیا","بھاری-کیے","تو-نے-بھاری-کیا","سخت-کیا","میں-بھاری-کروںگا","نے-بھاری-کیا"]
Exod 8:15, Exod 8:32, Exod 9:34, Exod 10:1, 1 Kgs 12:10, 1 Kgs 12:14, 2 Chr 10:10, 2 Chr 10:14, Neh 5:15, Isa 6:10, Isa 47:6, Lam 3:7 (+2 more)
5. be glorified (Nifal of God) — The Nifal imperfect/cohortative sense of God being glorified or getting glory appears 13 times, primarily in Exodus (14:4, 17, 18) and the prophets. 'I will be glorified through Pharaoh' shows God displaying His weightiness — His substantial, undeniable glory — through mighty acts. This is a specialized subset of sense 3 (be honored) where the subject is divine and the context is theophanic. 13×
AR["(وَأَتَمَجَّدُ)","[وَأَتَمَجَّدُ]","أَتَمَجَّدُ","الْمَجِيدِ","بِ-تَمَجُّدِي","تَمَجَّدْتَ","تَمَجُّدِي","مَجِيدَاتٌ","وَ-أَتَكَرَّمُ","وَ-أَتَمَجَّدُ","وَأَتَمَجَّدُ"]·ben["আমার-মহিমান্বিত-হওয়াতে","আমার-মহিমার","আমি-মহিমান্বিত-হব","আর-আমি-মহিমান্বিত-হব","এবং-আমি-মহিমান্বিত-হব","এবং-আমি-সম্মানিত-হব","ও-মহিমান্বিত-হব","গৌরবময়-বিষয়গুলি","মহিমান্বিত","সম্মানিত-হব","সম্মানিত-হয়েছেন"]·DE["als-ich-bin-glorified","der-herrlich","ehren","ehrte","ich-wird-sein-ehrte","ich-wird-sein-verherrlichte","und-ehren","und-ich-wird-sein-glorified"]·EN["(and-I-will-be-glorified)","I-will-be-glorified","I-will-be-honored","You-are-glorified","[and-I-will-be-glorified]","and-I-am-honored","and-I-will-be-glorified","glorious-things","my-glory","the-glorious","when-I-am-glorified"]·FR["et-Je---être-glorified","et-honorer","et-être-glorieux","glorifier","honorer","je-fera-être-glorifia","je-fera-être-honora","le-glorious","quand-Je-suis-glorified","être-glorieux"]·heb["אכבד","אכבדה","ב-היכבדי","ה-נכבד","היכבדי","ו-אכבד","ו-אכבדה","ו-ניכבדתי","נכבדות","נכבדת"]·HI["और-गौरवान्वित-होउंगा","और-महिमा-पाऊँगा","और-महिमित-होऊंगा-मैं","और-मैं-सम्मानित-होऊंगा","जब-महिमा-पाऊँगा","महिमा-पाई-तूने","महिमामय","माना-जाऊँगा","मेरे-गौरवित-होने","मैं-महिमान्वित-होऊँगा"]·ID["(dan-dimuliakan)","Aku-akan-dimuliakan","Aku-dimuliakan","Engkau-dimuliakan","Hal-hal-mulia","[dan-dimuliakan]","aku-akan-dimuliakan","dan-Aku-akan-dimuliakan","dan-Aku-akan-dipermuliakan","dan-Aku-dimuliakan","ketika-Aku-dipermuliakan","yang-mulia"]·IT["e-io-will-essere-glorificò","e-onorare","il-glorious","io-fara-essere-glorified","io-vorrà-essere-onorò","onorare","onoro'","quando-io-am-glorificò"]·jav["Ingsun-kalèhuramataken","Kula-badhé-dipunluhurakén","Mila-Ingsun-kaajeni","Panjenengan-dipun-mulyakaken","Perkawis-ingkang-mulya","[lan-Kawula-kamulyakaken]","ingkang-mulya","kula-badhé-kamulyan","lan-Kawula-badhe-dipun-mulyakaken","lan-Kawula-badhe-kaluhuraken","lan-Kawula-kamulyakaken","nalika-Kawula-kaluhuraken"]·KO["그-영광스러운","그리고-내가-영광을-얻으리라","그리고-내가-존귀하리니","그리고-영광받으리라","그리고-영광받을-것이다-내가","내가-영광을-얻을-때","내가영광받는","영광스러운-것들-이","영광을-받으리라-나를","영화롭게-되셨으니","존귀해질-것이다"]·PT["(e-serei-glorificado)","Coisas-gloriosas","[e-serei-glorificado]","e-serei-glorificado","e-serei-honrado","foste-glorificado","glorificar-me","o-glorioso","quando-ser-glorificado","serei-glorificado","serei-honrado"]·RU["(и-прославлюсь)","[и-прославлюсь]","и-прославлюсь","когда-прославлюсь-Я","прославился-Ты","прославлюсь","прославлюсь-Я","прославлюсь-я","славное"]·ES["Gloriosas-cosas","[y-seré-glorificado]","cuando-me-glorifique","el-glorioso","en-que-me-glorifique","fuiste-glorificado","seré-glorificado","seré-honrado","y-me-glorificaré","y-seré-glorificado","y-seré-honrado"]·SW["Mambo-matukufu","na-nitaheshimiwa","na-nitapata-utukufu","na-nitatukuzwa","ninapopata-utukufu","nitaheshimika","nitakapojitukuza","nitatukuzwa","tukufu","umeheshimiwa"]·TR["[K]","görkemli-şeyler","onurlanacağım","saygi-gordunn","ve-yukselecegim","ve-yüceleceğim","ve-yüceltilebileceğim","yüceldiğimde-","yüceltildiğimin","yüceltilelim","şanlı"]·urd["(اور-عزّت-پاؤں-گا)","[اور-عزّت-پاؤں-گا]","اور-جلال-پاؤں-گا-میں","اور-میں-عزت-پاؤں-گا","تو-نے-جلال-پایا","جلال-پاؤں-گا-میں","جلال-پاتے-وقت-میرے","جلالی","عزت-پاؤں-گا۔","میں-جلال-پاؤں-گا"]
Exod 14:4, Exod 14:17, Exod 14:18, Lev 10:3, Deut 28:58, 2 Sam 6:22, Ps 87:3, Isa 26:15, Isa 49:5, Ezek 28:22, Ezek 39:13, Hag 1:8 (+1 more)
6. glorify (Piel of God) — The Piel sense of glorifying God or His name appears 9 times, the active counterpart of sense 5. Psalm 22:23 commands 'glorify Him,' Psalm 86:9 promises 'they shall glorify your name.' Arabic مَجَّدَ ('glorify, magnify') and Korean 영화롭게 하다 ('make glorious') mark this as worship language where the object is exclusively God or His name, not human honor recipients. 9×
AR["أُكَرِّمُ","مَجِّدُوا","مَجِّدُوهُ","وَ-تُمَجِّدُني","وَأُمَجَِدُ","وَأُمَجَِدُهُ","وَيُمَجَِدُونَ","يُمَجِّدُكَ","يُمَجِّدُني"]·ben["-আমি-সম্মানিত-করব","এবং-আমি-তাকে-সম্মান-দেব","এবং-আমি-সম্মান-করব","এবং-সম্মান-করবে","ও-সম্মান-করবে-আমাকে","তাঁকে-সম্মান-করো","মহিমা-দাও","সম্মান-করবে-আপনাকে","সম্মানিত-করে-আমাকে"]·DE["ehren","ehrte","und-ehrte"]·EN["I-will-honor","YHWH","a-strong","and-I-will-glorify","and-glorify","and-honor-him","and-you-will-glorify-Me","glorify-him","honors-Me"]·FR["comme-glorifier","et-glorifier","glorifier","honorer"]·heb["אכבד","ו-אכבדה","ו-אכבדהו","ו-יכבדו","ו-תכבד-ני","יכבד-נני","יכבדוך","כבדו","כבדוהו"]·HI["आदर-करो-उसका","और-गौरव-दूँगा","और-गौरव-देंगे","और-महिमा-करोगे-मेरी","और-मैं-सम्मानित-करूँगा-उसे","महिमा-करता-है-मेरी","महिमा-देंगे-तुझे","मैं-सम्मानित-करूँगा","स्तुति-करो"]·ID["Aku-akan-muliakan","akan-memuliakan-Mu","dan-Aku-akan-memuliakannya","dan-aku-memuliakan","dan-memuliakan","muliakanlah"]·IT["e-onoro'","onorare","onoro'"]·jav["Kawula-badhe-ngurmati","kasusahan","lan-Kula-badhé-mulya-aken","lan-kula-badhé-ngluhuraken","lan-ngluhuraken","luhurana-Panjenengan-ipun","mulyakna","ngluhuraken-Panjenengan","panuwun"]·KO["그리고-내-가-그-를-영화롭게-하리라","그리고-영화롭게-하리이다-나-를","내가-영화롭게-할-것이다","영광-돌리리이다","영화롭게-하라","영화롭게-하리니","영화롭게-하리이다-나-를","존경하라"]·PT["e-glorificarei","e-glorificarão","e-me-glorificarás","e-o-honrarei","glorificai","glorificai-o","glorificar-Te-ão","honrarei","me-glorifica"]·RU["и-буду-славить","и-прославишь-Меня","и-прославлю-его","и-прославят","прославлю","прославляет-Меня","прославляйте-Его","прославят-Тебя","славьте"]·ES["glorificad","glorificad-lo","glorificaré","me-honra","te-glorificará","y-glorificarán","y-glorificaré","y-lo-honraré","y-me-honrarás"]·SW["ananiheshimu","mheshimuni","mtukuzeni","na-kulitukuza","na-nitalitukuza","na-nitamtukuza","na-utanitukuza","nitapatukuza","watakuheshimu"]·TR["onurlandırır-beni","saygi-gosterecekler-sana","saygiyi-gosterin","ve-onurlandıracaksın-beni","ve-onurlandıracağım","ve-yüceltecekler","ve-yücelteceğim","yucelteceegim","yüceltin-O'nu"]·urd["اور-اُسے-عزت-دوں-گا","اور-جلال-دوں-گا","اور-جلال-دیں-گی","اُسے-جلال-دو","جلال-دو","جلال-دیں-گے-تجھے","عزت-دوں-گا","میری-تمجید-کرتا-ہے","وَ-تُو-میری-تمجید-کرے-گا"]
7. multiply oneself / boast (Hitpael) — The Hitpael reflexive sense 'make oneself heavy' — i.e., multiply, boast, or glorify oneself — appears 4 times. 2 Chronicles 25:19 mocks Amaziah 'Why should you make yourself heavy [boast] to your hurt?' Proverbs 12:9 contrasts the one who honors himself with the humble. The reflexive stem signals self-promotion or self-aggrandizement, a negative extension of the honor sense. 4×
AR["كَثِّرِي","لِلافْتِخَارِ","مِنَ-المُتَكَبِّرِ"]·ben["গর্ব-করতে","নিজেদের-ভারী-করো","যে-নিজেকে-সম্মানিত-করে-তার-চেয়ে"]·DE["ehren","ehrte"]·EN["make-yourself-heavy","than-one-who-honors-himself","to-boast"]·FR["de-honorer","glorifier","être-glorieux"]·heb["התכבד","התכבדי","ל-הכביד","מ-מתכבד"]·HI["अपने-आपको-बढ़ा","घमण्ड-करने-को","सम्मानित-करनेवाले-से"]·ID["daripada-yang-memuliakan-diri-sendiri","perbanyaklah-dirimu","untuk-bermegah"]·IT["da-onorare","glorificare","onorare"]·jav["Sami-makendhel","kanggé-mongkog","katimbang-tiyang-kang-ngalem-awak"]·KO["많게-해라","에-자랑하기로","자랑하는-자-보다"]·PT["do-que-quem-se-honra","multiplica-te","para-glorificar"]·RU["к-похвальбе","умножься","чем-хвастающийся"]·ES["para-glorificarte","que-el-que-se-glorifica","¡Hazte-pesada"]·SW["jiongeze","kujisifu","kuliko-kujisifu"]·TR["büyüklük-taslamak","kendini-yüceltenden","çoğal"]·urd["بڑائی-کرنے-والے-سے","بھاری-ہو-جا","فخر-کرنے-کے-لیے"]
8. harden heart (Piel/Qal) — Three occurrences show hardening the heart as a Piel or Qal construction. Exodus 9:7 notes Pharaoh's heart 'was heavy,' 1 Samuel 6:6 warns 'Why do you harden your hearts as Egypt hardened?' This may overlap with sense 4 (Hifil make heavy/harden), but the data separates the causative (Hifil) from the stative/active (Qal/Piel). Further analysis of stem distribution would clarify whether these should merge. 3×
AR["تُقَسِّينَ","فَثَقُلَ","قَسَّى"]·ben["এবং-কঠিন-হল","কঠিন-করছ","কঠিন-করেছিল"]·DE["hardened","tue-du-harden","und-war-schwer"]·EN["and-was-heavy","do-you-harden","hardened"]·FR["et-était-lourd","fais-tu-harden","hardened"]·heb["ו-כבד","כיבדו","תכבדו"]·HI["और-कठोर-हो-गया","कठोर-करो","कठोर-किया"]·ID["dan-menjadi-keraslah","kamu-mengeraskan","mengeraskan"]·IT["e-fu-pesante","fa-tu-harden","hardened"]·jav["lan-awrat","ngatos","panjenengan-atos"]·KO["그리고-완고해졌다","무겁게-하느냐-너희가","무겁게-했다"]·PT["e-endureceu","endureceram","endurecereis"]·RU["и-ожесточилось","ожесточаете","ожесточили"]·ES["endureceréis","endurecieron","y-se-endureció"]·SW["mzifanye-migumu","na-ukawa-mgumu","walivyofanya-migumu"]·TR["katılaştırdı","katılaştırıyorsunuz","ve-ağırlaştı"]·urd["اور-سخت-ہو-گیا","سخت-کرو","سخت-کیا"]
9. be wealthy / be rich — Two occurrences show an adjectival or stative sense of being wealthy or rich. Genesis 13:2 describes Abram as 'very heavy [rich] in livestock, silver, and gold,' Proverbs 8:24 speaks of springs 'heavy [abounding] with water.' This is a natural metaphorical extension: wealth is substance, weight, having much. Arabic does not use the same root for wealth, but Hebrew's metaphor is transparent. 2×
AR["غَنِيٌّ","فَيَّاضَةِ-"]·ben["গাঢ়-","ধনী"]·DE["ehrte","war-sehr-reich"]·EN["abounding-with","heavy"]·FR["honorer","lourd"]·heb["כבד","נכבדי־"]·HI["धनि","भरे-हुए-"]·ID["sangat-kaya","yang-berlimpah-"]·IT["onorare","pesante"]·jav["kang-kebak","sugih"]·KO["부요했다","존경-받는"]·PT["carregadas-de","rico"]·RU["богат","обильных-"]·ES["cargadas-de","rico"]·SW["alikuwa-tajiri","zenye-wingi-wa"]·TR["dolu-","zengin"]·urd["بھرے-ہوئے","دولتمند"]
10. let YHWH be glorified (Qal passive/stative) — Job 14:21 and Isaiah 66:5 use Qal imperfect in a jussive or optative sense: 'let [the LORD] be glorified' or 'may [His name] be honored.' This may belong with sense 5 (be glorified) but appears in a modal construction rather than indicative. The data has isolated these two instances, possibly recognizing a grammatical rather than semantic distinction. 2×
AR["يَتَمَجَّدُ","يُكْرَمُ"]·ben["মহিমান্বিত-হোক","সম্মানিত-হয়"]·DE["ehren","ehrte"]·EN["are-honored","let-be-glorified"]·FR["honorer"]·heb["ייכבדו","יכבד"]·HI["महिमा-पाए","सम्मानित-होते-हैं"]·ID["Biarlah-dimuliakan","Terhormat"]·IT["onorare"]·jav["mugi-mulya","sami-hormati"]·KO["영화롭게-되라","존귀해도"]·PT["Honrados","seja-glorificado"]·RU["да-прославится","прославятся"]·ES["Sea-glorificado","Son-honrados"]·SW["atukuzwe","wakitukuzwa"]·TR["saygı-görür","yüceltilsin"]·urd["جلال-پائے","عزت-پاتے-ہیں"]
11. honor / make glorious (Hifil honorific) — Isaiah 9:1 and Jeremiah 30:19 show Hifil used with a positive honorific sense: bringing honor to a land or people, making them glorious. Isaiah 9:1 promises 'He will make glorious the way of the sea,' Jeremiah 30:19 pledges 'I will honor them.' This contrasts with sense 4 (Hifil make heavy/harden), showing the Hifil stem can express either burden or honor depending on object and context. 2×
AR["أَكْرَمَ","وَأُكَرِّمُهُمْ"]·ben["আর-সম্মানিত-করব-তাদের-আমি","ভারী-করলেন"]·DE["ehren","und-ehren"]·EN["and-I-will-honor-them","he-made-heavy"]·FR["et-honorer","honorer"]·heb["הכביד","ו-היכבדתים"]·HI["और-सम्मानित-करूँगा-उनको-मैं","महिमा-दी"]·ID["Ia-memuliakan","dan-Aku-akan-memuliakan-mereka"]·IT["e-onorare","onorare"]·jav["dipunagengi","lan-Aku-badhe-mulya"]·KO["그리고-존귀하게-하리라-그들을","영화롭게-하였으니"]·PT["e-honrá-los-ei","honrou"]·RU["возвеличил","и-прославлю-их"]·ES["honrará","y-los-honraré"]·SW["ataiheshimu","na-nitawatukuza"]·TR["agirlaştirdi","ve-yücelteceğim-onları"]·urd["اور-عزت-دوں-گا-انہیں","بڑائی-بخشی"]
12. sense 12 — 2 Samuel 13:25 records 'we will burden [you]' as a single occurrence in the domain of LINEAR MOVEMENT. The context is Absalom urging the king not to accompany him ('lest we be a burden to you'). This appears to be a straightforward use of sense 2 (be heavy) or sense 4 (make heavy), applied to the social context of imposing on someone. The domain assignment suggests it may have been split due to the motion context, but semantically it belongs with the burden cluster. 1×
AR["نُثقِلَ"]·ben["বোঝা-হব"]·DE["wir-wird-burden"]·EN["we-will-burden"]·FR["nous-fera-burden"]·heb["נכבד"]·HI["बोझ-हों"]·ID["memberatkanmu"]·IT["noi-vorrà-carico"]·jav["ngrepotan"]·KO["무겁게-하지"]·PT["seremos-peso"]·RU["отяготим"]·ES["seamos-carga"]·SW["tuwe-mzigo"]·TR["yük-olalım"]·urd["بوجھ-ہوں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† כָּבֵד vb. be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured (NH Pi. honour, and deriv., כֹּבֶד weight; Ph. n.pr.f. כבדת = honoured one, and in cpd. n.pr.; Ethiopic ከብደ be heavy, etc.; Assyrian kabâdu or kabâtu, grow or be heavy, DlHWB; cf. Arabic كَبَدٌ difficulty, distress; كَبَدَ iii. struggle with difficulties, etc.; Zinj. כבדו honour, DHMSendsch. 58; Sab. כבודת gifts of honour, = Heb. נדבה freewill…