H3344 H3344
To burn or be kindled; as a noun, a hearth or place of burning where fire is kept alive.
A verb of burning and kindling with strong cognate support across the Semitic family -- Aramaic yeqad, Syriac yiqed, and Arabic waqada all mean 'to burn.' In Scripture it carries intense theological freight: God's wrath burns down to Sheol (Deut 32:22), divine judgment is kindled like fire (Isa 10:16), and a perpetual flame must be kept burning on the altar (Lev 6:9, 12-13). The single nominal use in Isaiah 30:14 gives us yaqud, the hearth or fireplace from which coals are scooped -- a concrete domestic image amid a passage of shattering judgment.
Senses
1. burn, be kindled — The verbal sense of burning or being kindled, spanning Qal, Hophal, and related conjugations. Leviticus 6:9, 12-13 prescribes the perpetual altar fire that 'shall be kept burning' (tuqad). Deuteronomy 32:22 and Isaiah 10:16 deploy the root for divine wrath that burns unquenchably. Isaiah 65:5 describes God's displeasure as a fire 'burning all day.' Arabic waqada and Aramaic yeqad confirm the core meaning across the Semitic languages, and Spanish ardera / encendera consistently renders the kindling-to-blazing progression. 8×
AR["تَوقَدُ", "تُوقَدُ", "مُتَقِّدَةٌ", "وَتَتَّقِدُ", "يَتَّقِدُ"]·ben["এবং-জ্বলবে", "জ্বলন্ত", "জ্বলবে", "জ্বলুক", "জ্বলুক-"]·DE["[יקד]", "[יקדת]", "[תוקד]", "soll-sein-bewahrte-burning", "soll-sein-bewahrte-burning-", "soll-verbrennen", "und-verbrennt"]·EN["and-burns", "burning", "it-will-burn", "shall-be-kept-burning", "shall-be-kept-burning-", "shall-burn", "will-be-kindled"]·FR["[יקד]", "[יקדת]", "[תוקד]", "devra-brûler", "devra-être-garda-brûlant", "devra-être-garda-brûlant-", "et-burns"]·heb["ו-תיקד", "יוקדת", "ייקד", "תוקד"]·HI["और-जलेगी", "जलती-रहे", "जलती-रहेगी", "जलती-हुई", "जलेगा", "जलेगी"]·ID["akan-menyala", "dan-berkobar", "menyala", "yang-menyala"]·IT["bruciare", "dovra-bruciare", "dovra-essere-custodi-burning", "dovra-essere-custodi-burning-", "e-brucia"]·jav["badhé-mblabag", "badhé-murub", "dipunurupaken", "dipunurupaken-", "ingkang-murub", "lan-ngobong"]·KO["그리고-타리라", "불타게-하시리라", "타는", "타오르라", "타오르라-", "타오리라"]·PT["acenderá", "arderá", "arderá.", "e-queimará", "que-arde"]·RU["будет-гореть", "будет-гореть-", "возгорится", "горящий", "и-горит"]·ES["arderá", "encenderá", "que-arde", "y-arderá"]·SW["na-utawaka", "unaowaka", "utawaka", "utawashwa", "utawashwa-"]·TR["ve-yanıyor", "yanacak", "yanan", "yanık-tutulacak", "yanık-tutulacak-"]·urd["اور-جلےگی", "بھڑکے-گی", "جلتی-رہے", "جلتی-رہے-گی", "جلتی-ہوئی", "جلے-گی"]
2. hearth, burning-place — A nominal derivative, yaqud, meaning 'hearth' or 'burning-place' -- the location where fire is maintained. Isaiah 30:14 uses miyaqud ('from the hearth') in a vivid simile: Jerusalem's destruction will be so thorough that not a shard will remain large enough to scoop fire from the hearth. This concrete, domestic sense -- a fixed place of burning rather than the act of burning itself -- is lexically distinct, giving the root a verbal-to-nominal semantic extension paralleled by Arabic mawqid ('fireplace'). 1×
AR["مِنَ-الْمَوْقِدِ"]·ben["চূল্লি-থেকে"]·DE["[מיקוד]"]·EN["from-the-hearth"]·FR["[מיקוד]"]·heb["מ-יקוד"]·HI["से-चूल्हे"]·ID["dari-perapian"]·IT["bruciare"]·jav["saking-pakuburan"]·KO["에서-화덕에서"]·PT["da-fogueira"]·RU["из-очага"]·ES["de-hogar"]·SW["kutoka-makaa"]·TR["ocaktan"]·urd["چولھے-سے"]
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)H6965b 4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) (40×)H1197a 1. burn, be on fire (39×)H4306 1. rain, showers (38×)H1653 1. rain, precipitation (34×)G4655 1. darkness (30×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [יָקַד] vb. be kindled, burn (Aramaic יְקַד, ܝܺܩܶܕ, burn, intrans.; Arabic وَقَدَ, id.)— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יֵקַד Is 10:16; 3 fs. וַתִּיקַד Dt 32:22; Pt. act. f. יֹקֶ֫דֶת Is 65:5; pass. יָקוּד 30:14;—be kindled, fig. of judgment, יֵקַד יְקֹד כִּיקוֹד אֵשׁ Is 10:16; so burn, Dt 32:22 a fire hath been kindled (קָֽדְחָה) in my wrath, וַתִּיקַד עַד־שְׁאוֹל and it burneth unto Sheʾôl; fig. of people…