H2742d H2742d
Gold, fine gold; a poetic synonym for zahav used in wisdom literature to express supreme material value.
The noun charutz (V) is a poetic term for gold, distinct from the common zahav and the Aramaic dehav. It appears exclusively in elevated poetic contexts -- Wisdom literature and Psalms -- always paired with silver (keseph) to frame comparisons of supreme value. Proverbs repeatedly declares that wisdom surpasses charutz (Prov 3:14; 8:10, 19; 16:16). The Psalmist pictures dove wings shimmering with yellow-green charutz (Ps 68:14), and Zechariah describes Tyre heaping up gold like dust (Zech 9:3). The Phoenician cognate charuts confirms the precious-metal meaning.
Senses
1. gold, fine gold — Precious refined gold, used as a poetic synonym for zahav exclusively in elevated literary contexts. German 'Gold' and 'Feingold,' Spanish 'oro,' and English 'gold' all converge, though French curiously shows some confusion with other senses of the root charats ('diligent, sharp'). Always paralleled with silver (keseph), charutz serves as the standard of highest earthly value that wisdom nonetheless surpasses (Prov 3:14; 8:10, 19; 16:16). In Ps 68:13-14 it colors the shimmering wings of a dove; in Zech 9:3 it pictures Tyre's accumulated wealth. 6×
AR["الذَّهَبِ", "عَنِ-الذَّهَبِ", "مِن-ذَهَبٍ", "مِنْ-الذَّهَبِ", "وَ-مِنْ-الذَّهَبِ", "وَذَهَبًا"]·ben["এবং-সোনা", "ও--এর-থেকে-সোনা", "শুদ্ধ-সোনার-চেয়ে", "সোনা।", "সোনার-চেয়ে"]·DE["Gold", "[ומחרוץ]", "und-Feingold", "von-Feingold"]·EN["and-gold", "and-than-gold", "gold", "rather-than-gold", "than-gold"]·FR["de-diligent", "et-diligent", "et-tranchant", "or"]·heb["ו-חרוץ", "ו-מ-חרוץ", "חרוץ", "מ-חרוץ"]·HI["और-सोना", "और-सोने-से", "सोने-से"]·ID["dan-daripada-emas", "dan-emas", "daripada-emas", "emas"]·IT["[וחרוץ]", "[חרוץ]", "da-rather-than-oro", "da-than-oro", "e-da-e-than-oro"]·jav["emas", "katimbang-emas", "lan-emas", "lan-katimbang-emas"]·KO["그리고-순금-보다", "그리고-순금을", "금-으로", "보다-금", "순금-보다"]·PT["do-que-ouro", "e-ouro", "e-que-ouro", "mais-que-ouro", "ouro"]·RU["больше-чем-золото", "золота", "и-золота", "и-чем-золото -", "чем-золото"]·ES["más-que-oro", "oro", "que-oro", "y-oro", "y-que-oro"]·SW["dhahabu", "kuliko-dhahabu", "kuliko-dhahabu-safi", "na-dhahabu", "na-mapato-yake-kuliko", "ya-kijani-njano"]·TR["altın", "altından", "ve-altından", "ve-altını-"]·urd["اور-سونا", "اور-سونے-سے", "خالص-سونے-سے", "سونے-سے"]
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)H6965b 4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) (40×)H1197a 1. burn, be on fire (39×)H4306 1. rain, showers (38×)H1653 1. rain, precipitation (34×)G4655 1. darkness (30×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† V. חָרוּץ n.m. Pr 8:10 gold, poet. (Ph. חרץ, v. DrSm xxviii.; Assyrian ḫurâṣu)—חָרוּץ ψ 68:14 + 5 times; gold, always ‖ כֶּסֶף; Zc 9:3, of dove’s wings ψ 68:14 בִּירַקְרַק ח׳; elsewhere in comparison with value of wisdom, etc. Pr 3:14; 8:10 (ח׳ נִבְחָר) v 19; 16:16.