H2717b H2717b
To be desolate or lie in ruins; in the Hifil, to lay waste or destroy; as a participle, a destroyer or devastator.
Charev paints landscapes emptied of life. The stative Qal describes cities and sanctuaries lying in ruins, as when Amos 7:9 warns that Israel's high places will be desolate. The causative Hifil names the agent behind the ruin: in 2 Kings 19:17 Sennacherib boasts of laying waste to nations, and Isaiah 42:15 describes God drying up mountains and hills. Nehemiah's grief over Jerusalem's burned gates (Neh 2:3, 17) draws on this same root. Arabic khariba and Aramaic charov share the same desolation imagery, confirming an ancient Semitic concept of inhabited space returned to emptiness.
Senses
1. be desolate, lie waste — The intransitive or stative condition of being desolate, ruined, or lying waste. Cities, sanctuaries, and entire nations are described in this state. Amos 7:9 pairs it with nashammu ('be appalled'), and Ezekiel 12:20 parallels it with shamem ('be desolate'). Nehemiah 2:3 and 2:17 apply it to Jerusalem's shattered walls. Spanish 'desolada' and French 'ruines' consistently capture this sense of emptied desolation. 15×
AR["الْخَرَابِ", "اِخْرَبِي", "تَخْرَبَ", "تَخْرَبُ", "تُدَمَّرُ", "خَرَابًا", "خَرِبَةً", "خَرِبَةٌ", "خَرِبَةٍ", "مُخَرَّبَةٍ"]·ben["ধ্বংস", "ধ্বংস-হবে", "ধ্বংস-হয়", "ধ্বংসস্তূপ-হবে", "ধ্বংসস্থান", "ধ্বংসস্থানের", "শুকিয়ে-যাও"]·DE["Schwert", "[החרבה]", "[חרבה]", "[יחרבו]", "[מחרבות]", "[נחרבות]", "[נחרבת]", "[תחרבנה]", "sein-Schwert", "verwuesten"]·EN["be-utterly-desolate", "desolate", "it-shall-lie-waste", "laid-waste", "shall-be-laid-waste", "she-is-laid-waste", "utterly", "will-be-desolate", "will-be-laid-waste", "will-be-ruined"]·FR["[חרבה]", "de-ruines", "détruire", "dévaster", "le-ruine", "sécheresse"]·heb["ה-חרבה", "חרבה", "חרבו", "חרוב", "יחרבו", "יחרבוּ", "מ-חרבות", "נחרבות", "נחרבת", "תחרב", "תחרבנה"]·HI["उजड़-हो-जाएगा", "उजड़-होंगी", "उजड़-होंगे", "उजाड़-पड़ा-है", "खंडहर", "पूरी-तरह", "वह-उजड़-रहेगी", "वीरान-हो-जाएँगे", "वे-उजड़-जाएं", "वे-उजड़-जाएंगी", "सूखो"]·ID["akan-menjadi-reruntuhan", "akan-menjadi-sunyi", "dia-yang-hancur.", "hancur", "menjadi-reruntuhan", "menjadi-sangat-kering", "pasti", "yang-hancur", "yang-hancur,", "yang-runtuh"]·IT["devastare", "la-sua-spada", "rovinato", "spada"]·jav["badhe-dados-rèntah", "badhe-karusak", "badhé-dados-gempang", "dados-garing", "dipungempang", "ingkang-dipun-rusak", "ingkang-dipun-rusak.", "ingkang-karisak", "mboten-wonten-ingkang-langkung", "risak", "rèntah"]·KO["그-폐허로부터", "완전히", "파괴된", "폐허가-되리라", "황폐되리라", "황폐하리라", "황폐하여지라", "황폐한", "황폐할-것이다", "황폐해졌고", "황폐해질-것이다"]·PT["a-desolada", "arruinadas", "certamente-ser-devastadas", "deserta", "desolada", "sejam-devastados", "sequem-se", "será-desolada", "será-devastada", "serão-arruinados", "serão-destruídas", "serão-devastadas"]·RU["будет-пуста", "иссохните", "опустевшим", "опустеет", "опустеют", "опустошённым", "разрушатся", "разрушен", "разрушенных", "разрушились", "совершенно"]·ES["desolada", "destruidas", "la-desolada", "sean-devastados", "secaos", "será-asolada", "será-devastada", "serán-asoladas", "serán-destruidas", "serán-destruidos", "serán-devastadas", "totalmente"]·SW["iliyoharibiwa", "imeharibika", "itaharibiwa", "itakuwa-ukiwa", "kabisa", "magofu", "ukeni-kabisa", "ulioharibika", "umeharibika", "utaharibiwa", "yataharibika", "yataharibiwa", "ziharibiwe"]·TR["harabe-olacak", "harap", "harap-olacak", "harap-olacaklar", "harap-olandan", "harap-olmasının", "harap-olmuş", "kurudu", "virane-olacaklar", "virane-olma"]·urd["برباد", "سوکھ-جاؤ", "ویران", "ویران-رہے-گی", "ویران-ہو-جائیں-گے", "ویران-ہو-گا", "ویران-ہوں", "ویران-ہوں-گی", "ویران-ہوں-گے", "ویرانہ", "ویرانہ-سے"]
2. lay waste, destroy — The causative Hifil meaning to actively lay waste, destroy, or bring to ruin. Here the subject is the devastator: Sennacherib in 2 Kings 19:17, or God himself in Isaiah 42:15. Zephaniah 3:6 declares that whole nations have been laid waste. German 'verwuesten' and Spanish 'asolaron' reflect the active devastation this form conveys, distinguishing it from the passive 'lying in ruin' of sense 1. 5×
AR["أَخْرَبُوا", "أَخْرَبْتُ", "أُخْرِبُ", "خَرَّبَ", "خَرَّبُوا"]·ben["ধ্বংস-করব", "ধ্বংস-করেছিল", "ধ্বংস-করেছে", "বিরান-করেছি"]·DE["[החרבתי]", "[החריב]", "laid-waste", "verwuesten"]·EN["I-have-laid-waste", "I-will-lay-waste", "have-laid-waste", "he-ruined", "laid-waste"]·FR["détruire", "dévaster", "il-a-desséché", "laid-waste"]·heb["אחריב", "החרבתי", "החריב", "החריבו"]·HI["उजाड़-किया", "उजाड़-दिए-उसने", "उजाड़ा", "उजाड़ूँगा-मैं", "मैंने-वीरान-किया"]·ID["Aku-akan-menghancurkan", "ia-hancurkan", "menghancurkan", "telah-membinasakan"]·IT["devastare", "pose-waste"]·jav["Ingsun-badhé-ngrusak", "Kawula-ngrusak", "ngrisak", "piyambakipun-ngrubuhaken"]·KO["황폐시켰다", "황폐시키리라", "황폐케-하였다", "황폐케-했다", "황폐하게-했다"]·PT["arruinei", "assolaram", "destruiu", "devastaram", "devastarei"]·RU["опустошили", "опустошу", "разрушил", "разрушил-Я"]·ES["asolaron", "asoló", "desoladas", "devastaré", "han-asolado"]·SW["Nitaharibu", "aliiharibu", "nimezifanya-ukiwa", "wameharibu", "wameiharibu"]·TR["Harap-edecegim", "harap-ettiler", "viran-etti", "viran-ettiler", "viran-ettim"]·urd["اجاڑ-دیا", "میں-ویران-کروں-گا", "ویران-کیا"]
3. destroyer, one who lays waste — The substantivized Hifil participle functioning as an agentive noun: 'destroyer' or 'one who lays waste.' In Judges 16:24 the Philistines call Samson 'the destroyer of our land,' and Isaiah 49:17 promises that Zion's destroyers will depart from her. This nominal use crystallizes the verb's action into a personal title of devastation. 2×
AR["مُخَرِّبَ", "وَ-مُخَرِّبُوكِ"]·ben["এবং-তোমার-বিধ্বংসকারীরা", "যে-ধ্বংস-করত"]·DE["destroyer-von", "und-verwuesten"]·EN["and-your-demolishers", "destroyer-of"]·FR["destroyer-de", "et-dévaster"]·heb["ו-מחריביך", "מחריב"]·HI["उजाड़नेवाले", "और-तेरे-उजाड़ने-वाले"]·ID["dan-yang-membinasakan-engkau", "yang-menghancurkan"]·IT["destroyer-di", "e-devastare"]·jav["lan-para-ingkang-ngrusak-panjenengan", "tiyang-ingkang-ngrisak"]·KO["그리고-너를-황폐케-하는-자들이", "황폐시키는-자"]·PT["destruidor-de", "e-teus-devastadores"]·RU["и-опустошители-твои", "разрушителя"]·ES["el-destruidor-de", "y-tus-asoladores"]·SW["mwenye-kuharibu", "na-waangamizaji-wako"]·TR["ve-harap-edenlerin", "yıkıcısı"]·urd["اور-ویران-کرنے-والے", "برباد-کرنے-والے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. [חָרֵב] be waste, desolate (NH חָרֵב id.; Aramaic חֲרוֹב, ܚܪܰܒ be laid waste; Zinj. חרב adj.; Arabic خَرِبَ be in ruins, waste, depopulated; Assyrian ḫarâbu, be waste, DlPr 175, ḫuribtu, desert, LotzTP);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱרַ֔ב Je 26:9, תֶּחֱרָ֔ב Is 34:10; 3 mpl. יֶחֶרְבוּ Ez 6:6, יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ Am 7:9 Is 60:12; 3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַבְנָה Ez 6:2; 12:20; Imv. חֳרָבִי Is 44:27, חָרְבוּ (so, not…