H2648 H2648
To hurry, make haste; also to flee in alarm or panic, to be startled or agitated by fear.
A verb spanning the spectrum from purposeful haste to terror-driven panic. At the milder end, it describes Mephibosheth's nurse hurrying to flee with the child (2 Sam 4:4) and the Arameans dropping their belongings in their rush to escape (2 Kgs 7:15). At the sharper end, it captures raw alarm: the psalmist's cry 'in my alarm I said, I am cut off' (Ps 31:23; 116:11), the kings who see Zion and 'flee in alarm' (Ps 48:5), and the waters that 'hurry away' at God's rebuke (Ps 104:7). Even the behemoth of Job 40:23 is described as unalarmed when the Jordan surges — a deliberate negation of this verb's panic connotation. Spanish neatly mirrors this range with 'apresurarse' (to hurry) versus 'huyeron' (they fled).
Senses
1. hurry, make haste — To hurry, make haste, rush — general urgency of movement without necessarily implying fear. This covers the nurse's hurried flight with young Mephibosheth (2 Sam 4:4), David's pressing haste to escape Saul (1 Sam 23:26), the Aramean army's hasty retreat leaving garments strewn along the road (2 Kgs 7:15), and the instruction not to 'hurry' in battle-fear (Deut 20:3, where it stands alongside 'do not fear'). French and German translations often leave these forms transliterated, but Spanish consistently uses 'apresurarse/prisa' (hurry/haste). 6×
AR["(في-عَجَلَتِهِمْ)", "[في-عَجَلَتِهِمْ]", "تَسْتَعْجِلُوا", "عِنْدَ-اسْتِعْجَالِهَا", "فِي-اضْطِرَابِي", "مُسْرِعًا"]·ben["আমার-তাড়াহুড়ায়", "তাড়াহুড়ো-করছিল", "তাদের-তাড়াহুড়োয়", "তার-তাড়াহুড়োয়", "তোমরা-তাড়াহুড়ো-করবে"]·DE["[ketiv]", "du-soll-sein-in-haste", "hurrying", "in-ihr-hurrying", "in-mein-haste"]·EN["[ketiv]", "hurrying", "in-her-hurrying", "in-my-haste", "in-their-haste", "you-shall-be-in-haste"]·FR["[ketiv]", "dans-leur-haste", "dans-sa-se-hâtant", "dans-se-hâter", "se-hâtant", "tu-devra-être-dans-haste"]·heb["[ב-ה-חפזם]", "ב-חופז-י", "ב-חפז-ה", "ב-חפזם", "נחפז", "תחפזו"]·HI["(बखप्जाम)", "[बहखप्जाम]", "घबराओगे", "जल्दी-करता", "जल्दी-में-उसकी", "में-घबराहट-मेरी"]·ID["(ketiv)", "dalam-kepanikan-mereka", "dalam-tergesanya", "terburu-buru", "tergesa-gesa"]·IT["[ketiv]", "hurrying", "in-fretta", "in-lei-hurrying", "in-loro-haste", "tu-dovra-essere-in-haste"]·jav["(ing-cepet-nipun)", "[ing-cepet]", "grusa-grusu", "ing-kagègèn-kula", "kesusu", "nalika-kesusu"]·KO["(그들이-급히-할-때에)", "[그들이-급히-할-때에]", "그녀의-서두름에", "급할-때", "급히-하라", "서둘러"]·PT["[ketiv]", "apressado", "em-minha-pressa", "na-pressa-dela", "na-pressa-deles", "vos-apresseis"]·RU["(в-спешке-их)", "[в-спешке-их]", "в-поспешности-моей", "в-спешке-её", "спешите", "торопящийся"]·ES["[en-su-prisa]", "apresurándose", "en-apresurarse-ella", "en-mi-prisa", "en-prisa-de-ellos", "os-apresuréis"]·SW["(katika-haraka-yao)", "[k]", "akiharakisha", "fanyike-haraka", "katika-haraka-yake", "katika-hofu-yangu"]·TR["acele-edin", "acele-ediyordu", "acelesi-sırasında", "de-acelesinde", "telaşımda"]·urd["-جلدبازی-میں", "اُس-کی-جلدی-میں", "بھاگتے-ہوئے", "تم-جلدی-کرو", "جلدی-کر-رہا-تھا"]
2. flee in alarm or panic — To be in alarm, flee in panic, be startled — emphasizing the emotional component of fear and agitation. The psalmist's 'in my alarm' (bechofzi, Ps 31:23; 116:11) expresses sudden, disorienting fear. Psalm 48:5 describes hostile kings who saw Zion and 'were alarmed, fled in terror' (Niphal), while Ps 104:7 pictures primordial waters fleeing at God's thunderous rebuke. Job 40:23 negates the sense — behemoth 'is not alarmed' even when the Jordan surges against its mouth. The shift from physical hurrying to existential panic is a natural Hebrew semantic extension from motion to the emotion driving it. 4×
AR["تَفِرّ", "في-ارتِباكي", "هَرَبوا", "يَعْجَلُ"]·ben["-আমার-ভয়ে", "তারা-দ্রুত-পালায়", "পলায়ন-করেছিল", "সে-তাড়াহুড়া-করে"]·DE["[יחפוז]", "in-mein-alarm", "sie-floh-in-alarm", "sie-hurry-weg"]·EN["in-my-alarm", "it-is-alarmed", "they-fled-in-alarm", "they-hurry-away"]·FR["dans-se-hâter", "se-hâter"]·heb["ב-חופזי", "יחפוז", "ייחפזון", "נחפזו"]·HI["अपनी-जल्दी-में", "भाग-गए", "वह-घबराता-है", "वे-जल्दी-से-भागे"]·ID["dalam-ketergesa-gesaan-ku", "ia tergesa-gesa", "mereka-lari-terburu-buru"]·IT["esso-è-alarmed", "in-fretta"]·jav["ing-kasesa-kula", "ngliwati", "piyambakipun-nggégé;", "sami-kesusu"]·KO["나-의-급함-에", "서두르리라", "서두른다", "서둘렀도다"]·PT["fugiram-apressados", "na-minha-pressa", "se-apressa;", "se-apressaram"]·RU["в-поспешности-моей", "поспешили", "спешит", "устремляются"]·ES["en-mi-apresuramiento", "huyeron", "se-apresura", "se-apresuran"]·SW["anakimbia", "kwa-haraka-yangu", "wakakimbia", "yaliharakisha"]·TR["acele-eder", "acele-ettiler", "acelede", "kaçtılar"]·urd["اپنی-جلدی-میں", "بھاگ-گئے", "وہ-جلدی-کرتا", "وہ-جلدی-کرتے-ہیں"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [חָפַז] vb. be in trepidation, hurry, or alarm (Arabic حَفَزَ hasten, incite, urge);— Qal Impf. יַחְפּוֹז Jb 40:23; תַּחְפְּזוּ Dt 20:3; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּחָפְזִי ψ 31:23; 116:11; בְּחָפְזָהּ 2 S 4:4; בְּחָפְזָם 2 K 7:15 Qr (Kt הֵחָֽפְזֵם);— 1. be in a hurry or alarm, of hurried flight 2 S 4:4 2 K 7:15; Inf. c. ב = noun, in my alarm ψ 31:23; 116:11; 2. be alarmed Dt 20:3 (‖ תיראו), Jb 40:23 (of…