H2560a H2560a
To ferment, foam, or surge; of agitated waters or churning bowels in distress
This verb evokes the turbulent bubbling of fermentation or the violent surging of water. In Psalm 75:8, wine that foams in God's cup signals divine judgment. Psalm 46:3 speaks of waters that roar and foam, a theophanic image of cosmic upheaval. Lamentations 1:20 and 2:11 turn the image visceral: the poet's bowels 'churn' in anguish over Jerusalem's destruction. Spanish 'se agitan' (are agitated) and 'espumeante' (foaming) together capture the physical and emotional turbulence this word conveys.
Senses
1. sense 1 — To foam, surge, or be in ferment, whether of liquids or of the human body in distress. In Psalm 75:8 wine foams in God's cup of judgment, and in Psalm 46:3 the sea's waters roar and foam as mountains quake. The Poalal (intensive) form in Lamentations 1:20 and 2:11 applies the image to visceral anguish: the speaker's bowels are 'in a ferment' over Jerusalem's calamity. Spanish 'espumeante' and German 'aufgerührt' capture the physical foaming, while the Lamentations usage shows how fermentation imagery extends to inner turmoil. 4×
AR["اضْطَرَبَتْ", "تَرْغو", "مُخْتَمِرٌ-"]·ben["উত্তেজিত", "ফেনা-ওঠে", "লাল"]·DE["aufgeruehrt", "foam", "foaming"]·EN["are-in-turmoil", "foam", "foaming"]·FR["argile", "sont-troublées"]·heb["חומרמרו", "חמר", "יחמרו"]·HI["उबल-रही-हैं", "उमड़-रही-है", "और-उथल-पुथल-हों", "खामर"]·ID["berbusa", "bergejolak"]·IT["[יחמרו]", "argilla", "sono-agitati"]·jav["gonjang-ganjing", "merah", "mugi-mumbul"]·KO["거품이-일다", "거품일도다", "끌어오르네"]·PT["agitaram-se", "e-espumarão", "espumante", "estão-agitadas"]·RU["кипит", "кипят", "пенится", "пенятся"]·ES["espumeante", "están-agitadas", "se-agitan", "se-agiten"]·SW["imechemka", "matumbo-yangu-yanachemka", "yachemshe", "yanachemka"]·TR["kaynıyor", "köpüren", "köpürürler"]·urd["جھاگ-اُٹھئیں", "سُرخ", "کھولتا-ہے"]
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)H6965b 4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) (40×)H1197a 1. burn, be on fire (39×)H4306 1. rain, showers (38×)H1653 1. rain, precipitation (34×)G4655 1. darkness (30×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. חָמַר vb. ferment, boil or foam up (Arabic خَمَرَ ferment, leaven, خُمْرَةٌ, خَمِيرَةٌ, n. leaven; v. LagBN 207);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְיַיִן ח׳ ψ 75:9 and wine which foams, (others from IV. חמר be red); 3 pl. חָֽמְרוּ is suggested by We as poss. Hb 3:15 (for MT חֹמֶר q.v.) the great waters foamed; Impf. 3 mpl. יֶהֱמוּ יֶחְמְרוּ מֵימָיו ψ 46:4 let its water roar and foam. Peʿalʿal Pf. pass. 3 pl.…