H2554 H2554
do violence / treat violently; shake off / shed (of a vine); strip / tear down; be violated (Nifal passive)
Senses
1. do violence / treat violently — Qal active: to commit violence, to wrong or oppress someone unjustly. The core meaning of hamas in active voice. Arabic ظَلَمُوا/تَظْلِمُون (to wrong/oppress), Spanish 'violentaron/roben/tramáis' (they violated/rob/scheme), Korean 폭행했다/폭력을하다 (committed assault/do violence), Swahili 'wamevunja/wamedhulumu' (they broke/oppressed), Hindi हिंसा की/शोषण करो (did violence/exploit). S97821, S97823, S97826, S97827 all share this active violence/wrongdoing sense across multiple inflections (perfect, participle, imperfect). 5×
AR["تَسْلِبُوا","تَظْلِمُونَ","ظَلَمُوا","يَظْلِمُ"]·ben["ক্ষতি-করে","তোমরা-সহিংসতা-কর","তোমরা-হিংসা-কর","লঙ্ঘন-করেছে","লঙ্ঘন-করেছে-তারা"]·DE["[חמס]","[חמסו]","[תחמסו]"]·EN["do-violence-to","does-violence-to","they-have-done-violence-to","wrong","you-do-violence"]·FR["[תחמסו]","violer","חמס","תחמסו"]·heb["חומס","חמסו","תחמוסו","תחמסו"]·HI["तुम-हिंसा-करते-हो","शोषण-करो","हिंसा-करता-है","हिंसा-की-उन्होंने","हिंसा-की-है-उन्होंने"]·ID["kamu-lakukan-dengan-kekerasan","kamu-peras","melanggar","memperkosa","menyakiti"]·IT["[חמסו]","[תחמסו]","does-violence-a","voi-fare-violence"]·jav["ngrampas","ngrusak","panjenengan-nganiaya","sami-nglanggar","sami-nyiksa"]·KO["불법을-행했다","포악하게-하지","폭력을-하나니","폭행했다","해친다"]·PT["tramais-violentamente","violaram","violenta","violentaram","violenteis"]·RU["её","злоумышляете","насиловали","насилует","насилуйте"]·ES["roben","tramáis.","violenta","violentaron"]·SW["anadhuru","mnapanga","wamedhulumu","wamevunja","wanyang’anye"]·TR["ihlal-ettiler","zarar-veriyor","zorbalık-et","çiğnediler","şiddete-uğrarsınız"]·urd["تم سوچتے ہو","ظلم-کرتے-ہیں","ظلم-کیا","لوٹو","نقصان-پہنچاتا-ہے"]
2. shake off / shed (of a vine) — A specialized metaphorical use: a vine 'shaking off' or shedding its unripe fruit, describing violent natural expulsion. The glosses diverge sharply from the violence sense: Arabic يَنْتُرُ (to shake off), Spanish 'dejará caer' (will let fall), Korean 떨어뜨리리라 (will cause to drop), Swahili 'atadondosha' (will cause to fall), Hindi वह झाड़ेगा (he will shake off). This is a figurative agricultural extension of the root's violent-removal idea, not interpersonal violence. 1×
AR["يَنْتُرُ"]·ben["সে-ঝরাবে"]·DE["[יחמס]"]·EN["he-sheds"]·FR["יחמס"]·heb["יחמוס"]·HI["वह-झाड़ेगा"]·ID["ia-menanggalkan"]·IT["he-sheds"]·jav["ngrampas"]·KO["떨어뜨리리라"]·PT["Sacudirá"]·RU["сбросит"]·ES["Dejará-caer"]·SW["atadondosha"]·TR["çıkarır"]·urd["ٹوڑے-گا"]
3. strip / tear down — Qal consecutive imperfect with waw: to strip, tear apart, or demolish -- describing God's forcible dismantling (of a booth/tabernacle in Lam 2:6). Arabic وَاقْتَلَعَ (and uprooted/tore out), Spanish 'y ha arrancado' (and has torn away), Korean 그가 헐었네 (he tore down), Swahili 'na amebomoa' (and he demolished), Hindi और उजाड़ दिया (and laid waste). While related to the violence root, this is physical destruction of a structure rather than interpersonal wrongdoing. 1×
AR["وَاقْتَلَعَ"]·ben["এবং-সরিয়ে-দিয়েছেন"]·DE["[ויחמס]"]·EN["And-He-stripped"]·FR["[ויחמס]"]·heb["ו-יחמוס"]·HI["और-उजाड़-दिया"]·ID["Dan-Ia-merobohkan"]·IT["[ויחמס]"]·jav["Lan-Panjenengan-ngrebahaken-kanthi-paksa"]·KO["그리고-그-가-헐었네"]·PT["E-arrancou"]·RU["И-сорвал"]·ES["Y-ha-arrancado"]·SW["Na-amebomoa"]·TR["Ve-şiddetle-yıktı"]·urd["اور-تباہ-کیا"]
4. be violated (Nifal passive) — Nifal passive: to be violated, to suffer violence -- the passive counterpart of the active Qal. Arabic اغْتُصِبَتْ (were violated/seized), Spanish 'fueron violados' (they were violated), Korean 폭행당했다 (suffered assault), Swahili 'zimetukanwa' (have been abused), Hindi लूटे गए (were plundered). The Nifal stem shifts the semantic role from agent of violence to victim/patient, making this a genuinely distinct passive sense. 1×
AR["اغْتُصِبَتْ"]·ben["লাঞ্ছিত-হয়েছে"]·DE["[נחמסו]"]·EN["are-violated"]·FR["[נחמסו]"]·heb["נחמסו"]·HI["लूटे-गए"]·ID["diperkosa"]·IT["[נחמסו]"]·jav["dipun-rudapeksa"]·KO["폭행당했다"]·PT["foram-violentados"]·RU["обнажены"]·ES["fueron-violados"]·SW["zimetukanwa"]·TR["zorlandı"]·urd["بے-حرمتی-ہوئیں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [חָמַס] vb. treat violenty, wrong (NH id., act violently, treat violently; Aramaic חֲמַס (rare) violently seize; Arabic حَمِسَ is be hard, strict, rigorous)— Qal Pf. 3 pl. חָֽמְסוּ Ez 22:26; Zp 3:4; Impf. יַחְמֹס Jb 15:33, וַיַּחְמֹם La 2:6; תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Jb 21:27; Je 22:3; Pt. חֹמֵס Pr 8:36;—treat violently, wrong;— 1. of physical wrong: תַּחְ׳ Je 22:3 (‖ תֹּנוּ) of wrong to widows and orphans;…