חַ֫יִל244 H2428
Ejército, fuerza militar; valor, valentía; riqueza, bienes; fuerza, poder; capacidad, competencia, virtud.
Uno de los sustantivos más versátiles de la Biblia hebrea, חַיִל irradia desde una idea nuclear de capacidad vigorosa. Nombra al ejército que Faraón pierde en el mar (Éx 14:28), el valor heroico del גִּבּוֹר חַיִל (guerrero valeroso, Jue 6:12), la riqueza material que Dios da poder para producir (Dt 8:18) y la excelencia moral de la אֵשֶׁת חַיִל, la 'mujer virtuosa' de Proverbios 31:10. El árabe separa estos sentidos nítidamente — جيش para ejército, شجاعة para valor, ثروة para riqueza, قوة para fuerza — confirmando que lo que el hebreo mantiene unido en un solo lexema, otras lenguas lo distinguen. El hilo teológico es que todo חַיִל genuino, sea militar, económico o moral, procede en última instancia de Dios.
Sentidos
1. ejército, fuerza militar — Una fuerza militar organizada: ejército, tropas, hueste. El sentido más frecuente (99 ocurrencias), presente en toda la narrativa y la profecía. El חַיִל de Faraón perece en el mar (Éx 14:28), Josué reúne el חַיִל de Israel para Hai (Jos 8:3) y los profetas anuncian la destrucción de חַיִלוֹת (ejércitos) extranjeros. El árabe جيش y el español 'ejército' lo traducen uniformemente. 99×
AR["الْجُنُودِ", "الْجُيُوشِ", "جَيْشُ", "جَيْشُ-", "جَيْشِ"]·ben["সেনাবাহিনী", "সৈন্য", "সৈন্য-", "সৈন্যদল", "সৈন্যদল-", "সৈন্যদলের", "সৈন্যের"]·DE["Heer", "Heer-von", "Heer-von-", "Kraft", "der-Heere"]·EN["army-of", "army-of-", "the-armies", "the-army-of", "the-army-of-"]·FR["armée", "armée-de", "armée-de-", "force", "le-armées"]·heb["ה-חיילים", "ה-חילים", "חיל", "חיל-"]·HI["सेना", "सेना-", "सेनाओं-ה", "सैन्य", "सैन्य-", "सैन्य-शक्ति", "ह-सेनाओं"]·ID["pasukan", "tentara", "tentara-"]·IT["esercito", "esercito-di", "esercito-di-", "il-eserciti"]·jav["wadya-bala", "wadya-bala-", "wadyabala", "wadyabala-"]·KO["군대", "군대-가", "군대가", "군대가-", "군대를", "그-군대들의", "그-군대의"]·PT["exército-de", "exército-de-", "o-exército-de", "o-exército-de-", "os-exércitos"]·RU["войск", "войска", "войске", "войско", "войско-"]·ES["ejército-de", "ejército-de-", "las-fuerzas", "los-ejércitos"]·SW["-", "jeshi", "jeshi-la", "jeshi-la-", "lote", "majeshi"]·TR["orduların", "ordusu", "ordusu-", "ordusuna", "ordusunu-", "ordusunun", "ordusunun-"]·urd["فوج", "فوج-نے", "فوجوں-کے", "لشکر", "لشکر-", "لشکر-نے", "لشکر-نے-", "لشکروں-کے"]
Exod 14:28, Num 31:14, Josh 6:2, Josh 8:3, Josh 10:7, 2 Sam 24:2, 2 Sam 24:4, 2 Sam 24:4, 1 Kgs 15:20, 1 Kgs 20:25, 2 Kgs 6:15, 2 Kgs 7:6 (+38 más)
2. valor, valentía bélica — Valor marcial, proeza o coraje heroico — la cualidad del guerrero más que la fuerza colectiva. Se halla en la construcción אִישׁ חַיִל ('hombre de valor', Jue 18:2; 1 S 9:1) y en la frase עָשָׂה חַיִל ('actuar valerosamente', Nm 24:18; Sal 60:14). El español distingue 'valor' de 'ejército', marcando esta acepción como cualitativa en vez de colectiva. 77×
AR["بَأسٍ", "بَأْس", "بَأْسٍ"]·ben["বীর", "শক্তিমান", "শক্তির", "শক্তিশালী", "সৈন্যদলের", "সৈন্যের"]·DE["Kraft"]·EN["valor"]·FR["armée"]·heb["חיל"]·HI["-शक्ति-के", "बलवान", "वीर", "शक्ति-के", "शूर", "सेना-का", "सेना-के"]·ID["-perkasa", "gagah-perkasa", "perkasa"]·IT["esercito"]·jav["ing-kekiyatan", "kekiyatan", "kiyat", "prakosa", "prawira", "rosa"]·KO["용맹", "힘", "힘-의", "힘의"]·PT["força", "valor", "§"]·RU["доблести", "силы"]·ES["fuerza", "valor"]·SW["jasiri", "nguvu", "ushujaa", "wa-nguvu", "wenye-nguvu"]·TR["gücün", "güçlü", "ordunun", "yiğit"]·urd["بہادر", "جنگی", "طاقت-کا", "طاقت-کے"]
Judg 18:2, Judg 20:44, Judg 20:46, 1 Sam 9:1, 1 Sam 14:52, 1 Sam 16:18, 1 Sam 18:17, 2 Sam 2:7, 2 Sam 11:16, 2 Sam 13:28, 2 Sam 17:10, 2 Sam 17:10 (+38 más)
3. riqueza, bienes — Riqueza, bienes, posesiones materiales. La capacidad económica de una persona o comunidad (Gn 34:29; Dt 8:17-18; Job 5:5). El árabe ثروة y el español 'riqueza' convergen en el sentido financiero. Teológicamente cargado en Deuteronomio 8:18, donde Dios 'te da el poder para producir חַיִל (riqueza)', vinculando la abundancia económica a la provisión divina. 31×
AR["الثَّرْوَةَ", "ثَروَةٌ", "ثَرْوَةً", "ثَرْوَةَ", "ثَرْوَةُ", "ثَرْوَتَكَ", "ثَرْوَتَكِ", "ثَرْوَتَهُم", "ثَرْوَتُكِ", "ثَرْوَتُهُمْ", "ثَرْوَتِهِم", "ثَرْوَتِهِمْ", "غَنِيمَةَ"]·ben["তাদের-সম্পদ", "তোমার-সম্পদ", "সম্পদ", "সম্পদ-তাদের", "সম্পদ।"]·DE["Heer", "Kraft", "Reichtum", "der-Reichtum", "ihr-Heer", "ihr-Reichtum", "in-Heer"]·EN["Your-wealth", "in-wealth", "is-the-wealth-of", "the-wealth", "their-wealth", "wealth", "wealth-of", "wealth-your", "your-wealth"]·FR["armée", "force", "le-wealth", "leur-wealth", "vaillance", "wealth"]·heb["ה-חיל", "חיל", "חיל-ם", "חילך", "חילם"]·HI["उनकी-संपत्ति", "तेरा-धन", "धन", "धन-अपना", "धन-अपने", "धन-उनका", "धन-तेरा", "धन-में", "सम्पत्ति"]·ID["harta", "harta-mereka", "kekayaan", "kekayaan-mereka", "kekayaan-mu", "kekayaan;", "kekayaanmu,", "kekayaanmu;"]·IT["esercito", "il-ricchezza", "loro-ricchezza", "potenza", "ricchezza", "valore"]·jav["Bandha-panjenengan", "Kasugihan", "bandha", "bandhanipun", "ing-dinten", "kasugihan", "kasugihan-panjenengan", "kasugihan-panjenengan,", "kasugihan-saking", "raja-brana"]·KO["그-재물을", "그들-의-재산-을", "그들의-재산을", "너의-재물을", "재물-그들의", "재물-이", "재물-이다", "재물을", "재물을-너의", "재물이", "재산-을"]·PT["Riqueza", "Tua-força", "esta-riqueza", "riqueza", "riqueza-de", "riquezas", "seus-bens", "sua-riqueza", "tua-força,", "tua-riqueza", "tuas-riquezas"]·RU["-богатство", "богатство", "богатство-", "богатство-своё", "богатство-твоё", "достояние-", "имущество", "имущество-их"]·ES["Riqueza-tuya", "Riquezas", "esta-riqueza", "la-riqueza-de", "riqueza", "riqueza-de", "riqueza-tuya", "riquezas", "su-riqueza", "tu-riqueza", "tus-riquezas"]·SW["Utajiri-wako", "mali", "mali-ya", "mali-zao", "utajiri", "utajiri-wa", "utajiri-wako", "utajiri-wao", "za-", "zao"]·TR["servatin", "servet", "serveti", "serveti-", "servetin", "servetini", "servetini-", "servetlerini-onların", "zenginligi", "zenginlik", "zenginliklerine", "zenginliklerini"]·urd["اُن-کی-دولت", "اپنا-مال", "اپنی-دولت", "تیری-دولت", "دولت", "دولت-اُن-کی", "دولت-اپنی", "دولت-تیری", "دَولَت", "ہ-دولت"]
4. fuerza, poder — Fuerza física o abstracta, poder, potencia — la energía bruta ejercida por una persona, un caballo o Dios. Se encuentra especialmente en la poesía (Sal 18:33, 40; Sal 33:17; Hab 3:19). El árabe قوة y el español 'fuerza/poder' marcan consistentemente esta acepción como capacidad pura, distinta de tropas organizadas o valentía personal. En 2 S 22:33, 40 es Dios quien 'me ciñe de חַיִל'. 22×
amh["ሀይሉን"]·AR["-قوته", "بِ-قُوَّتِكَ", "بِالْجَيْشِ", "بِقُوَّةٍ", "قُوَّةً", "قُوَّةٌ", "قُوَّةٍ", "قُوَّتَكَ", "قُوَّتَهُما", "قُوَّتِكَ", "قُوَّتِهِ", "قُوَّتِي", "مِنْ-قُوَّةٍ", "هِ-حَيِل", "وَ-حَيَلِيم", "ٱلْبَأْسِ"]·ben["আমার-শক্তি", "এবং-শক্তিসমূহ", "তাদের-শক্তি", "তার-শক্তিতে", "তার-সম্পদ", "তোমার-শক্তি", "তোমার-শক্তিতে", "তোমার-শক্তির", "বল", "বলে", "শক্তি", "শক্তি-থেকে", "শক্তি-সহ", "শক্তিতে", "শক্তির", "সেনার"]·ces["jeho-vojska"]·dan["hans-rigdom,"]·DE["Heer", "Kraft", "Staerke", "dein-Heer", "der-wealth", "durch-dein-Heer", "in-Heer", "mit-Heer", "sein-Heer", "seine-Streitmacht", "und-Kraft", "von-Heer"]·ell["δύναμή-αυτού,"]·EN["Your-power", "and-strength", "by-Your-power", "by-might", "from-strength", "his-wealth", "in-strength", "is-my-strength", "its-strength", "strength", "the-wealth", "their-wealth", "with-force", "with-strength", "your-strength"]·FR["armée", "avec-force", "dans-vaillance", "de-vaillance", "et-vaillance", "force", "le-vaillance", "le-wealth", "sa-force,", "ton-vaillance-toi", "vaillance"]·guj["તેની-સેનાને"]·hat["fos-li"]·hau["arzikinsa"]·heb["ב-חיל", "ב-חיל-ך", "ה-חיל", "ו-חילים", "חֵילם", "חיל", "חיל-ו", "חילו", "חילי", "חילך", "מ-חיל"]·HI["अपनी-शक्ति-से", "उस-की-सेना-को", "और-शक्ति", "तेरी-सेना-के", "बल-अपने", "बल-से", "में-सेना", "मेरी-शक्ति", "शक्ति", "शक्ति-अपनी", "शक्ति-अपनी।", "शक्ति-के", "शक्ति-में", "शक्ति-से", "सेना-से", "हख्खयिल-के"]·hun["haderejét"]·ID["dalam-kekuatan", "dari-kekuatan", "dengan-kekuatan", "dengan-keperkasaan", "kekuatan", "kekuatan-Mu", "kekuatan-mereka.", "kekuatanku;", "kekuatanmu", "kekuatannya", "kuat", "maka-kekuatan", "perkasa", "tentara"]·IT["con-potenza", "e-valore", "esercito", "forza", "il-valore", "il-wealth", "in-esercito", "la-sua-ricchezza", "valore", "valore-tuo"]·jav["badhé-ndadosaken", "bala-prajurit", "kakiyatan", "kakiyatan-kawula", "kakiyatan-nipun", "kakiyatanipun", "kanthi-wadya", "kiyat", "lan-kakiyatan", "mawi-wadya-bala", "saking-kakiyatan", "wadya-bala-Paduka"]·JA["彼の富-を"]·KO["군대로-", "그-군대-의", "그-힘-으로도", "그들의-힘-을", "그리고-힘들", "그의-군대를", "나-의-힘-이시라", "네-힘을", "당신-의-능력-의", "에-세력로", "주-의-힘-으로", "힘", "힘-에서", "힘-으로", "힘-의", "힘에서", "힘으로"]·mar["सैन्य-त्याचे।"]·mya["သူ၏-စည်းဥစ္စာကို"]·nld["zijn-leger"]·nor["hæren-hans"]·pnb["فوج-اُسدی"]·pol["wojska-jego"]·PT["a-força", "com-força", "de-Teu-poder", "de-força", "e-forças", "em-poder", "força", "força-sua", "minha-força", "por-poder", "por-teu-poder", "sua-força", "sua-riqueza", "tua-força"]·ron["averea-lui,"]·RU["войска", "войска-его", "войском", "от-силы", "с-силой", "сила-моя", "силе", "силой", "силой-Твоей", "силою", "силу-свою", "силу-твою", "силы,", "силы-своей", "силы-твоей", "то-силы"]·ES["con-ejército", "con-fuerza", "con-tu-poder", "de-fuerza", "el-ejército", "fuerza", "fuerza-de-ellas", "la-fuerza", "mi-fuerza", "poder", "poder?", "su-ejército", "su-fuerza", "tu-fuerza", "tu-poder", "y-fuerzas"]·SW["kutoka-nguvu", "kwa-jeshi", "kwa-nguvu-yako", "kwa-nguvu-za-jeshi", "mali-yake", "nguvu", "nguvu-yangu", "nguvu-zaidi", "nguvu-zake", "nguvu-zako", "nguvu-zao", "wa-jeshi", "ya-nguvu"]·swe["hans-styrka"]·tam["அவனுடைய-செல்வத்தை"]·tel["అతని-సంపదను"]·tgl["ng-yaman-niya"]·TH["กําลัง-ของเขา"]·TR["-de-güçle", "gucun", "gücüm-benim", "gücünle-", "gücünü", "gücünün", "gücüyle", "güe", "güç", "güçle", "güçlerini", "güçten", "orduda-", "ordunun", "ordusunu", "servette", "ve-gucler"]·ukr["війська-його"]·urd["اور-طاقتوں", "اُس-کی-دولت", "اُس-کی-قوت-سے", "اپنی-طاقت", "بَ-قُوَّت-تیری", "تیری-فوج-کے", "دولت-کے", "طاقت", "طاقت-اپنی", "طاقت-سے", "طاقت-میں", "طاقت-کے", "فوج-سے", "مِن-طاقت", "میری-طاقت"]·VI["quân-đội-của-nó"]·yor["ohun-ìní-rẹ̀;"]·yue["佢-嘅財富"]·ZH["他财物的"]
Deut 33:11, 1 Sam 2:4, 2 Sam 22:33, 2 Sam 22:40, 2 Kgs 2:16, 2 Kgs 15:20, Job 21:7, Ps 18:32, Ps 18:39, Ps 33:17, Ps 59:11, Ps 84:7 (+10 más)
5. capacidad, virtud — Competencia moral o práctica, habilidad, excelencia, virtud. La acepción más rara pero de mayor resonancia cultural, visible en la אֵשֶׁת חַיִל ('mujer virtuosa', Pr 31:10, 29) y en el consejo de Jetro de elegir 'hombres capaces' (אַנְשֵׁי חַיִל, Éx 18:21, 25). El alemán 'Tüchtigkeit' (capacidad) y el español 'virtud' la distinguen del valor marcial. Génesis 47:6 la emplea para la competencia profesional. 5×
AR["فَضيلَةٍ", "فَضِيلَةً", "قُوَّةٍ", "كَفَاءَةٍ"]·ben["সক্ষম", "সামর্থ্যের", "সৎ", "সৎ-চরিত্রের"]·DE["Kraft", "Tüchtigkeit", "ability"]·EN["ability", "excellence", "valiantly"]·FR["capacité", "vaillance"]·heb["חיל"]·HI["योग्य", "योग्यता", "समर्थ", "समर्थ-के"]·ID["cakap", "kecakapan", "yang-berbudi"]·IT["ability", "valore"]·jav["ingkang-pinter", "kang-pinter", "kautaman", "pinunjul"]·KO["능력의", "유능한", "추하게"]·PT["capacidade", "valor", "valor,", "virtude"]·RU["доблестная", "доблесть", "способные", "способных"]·ES["capacidad", "valor", "virtud"]·SW["bora", "ushujaa", "uwezo", "wa-nguvu"]·TR["erdemle", "erdemli", "yetenekli", "yetkin"]·urd["قابل", "قابل-کے", "نیک-کی", "نیکی"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
חַ֫יִל244 n.m. 2 K 10:2 strength, efficiency, wealth, army;—abs. ח׳ Gn 47:6 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חֵיל Is 36:2 2 K 18:17; cstr. חֵיל Ex 14:28 + (on ψ 10:10 v. חלכה); sf. חֵילִי Jb 31:25 + 2 times; חֵילְךָ Je 15:13 +; חֵילוֹ Ex 14:4 +, etc.; pl. חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5 + 19 times; sf. חֵילֵיהֶם Is 30:6;— 1. strength, usually physical: a. seld. alone (chiefly poet.) 1 S 2:4 ψ 18:33, 40 =…