H2266 H2266
To join, unite, bind together; of physical connection, political alliance, or casting magical spells and charms.
Chavar sits at a fascinating semantic crossroads where physical joining, social bonding, and occult binding all share a single root. At its most concrete, the word describes the joining of the tabernacle curtains edge to edge (Exod 26:3-11), a meaning preserved in the Aramaic cognate and reflected in Spanish unir and German anschliessen. But the same root extends into the political realm — kings 'join themselves' in alliance (2 Chr 20:35-37), and Hosea laments that Ephraim is 'joined to idols' (Hos 4:17). Most strikingly, in Deuteronomy 18:11 the root yields chover charavim, 'one who ties spells,' where the physical act of knotting cords becomes the metaphorical binding of a magical charm — a semantic link paralleled exactly by Akkadian ubburum, 'to bind by incantation.'
Senses
1. be joined or connected — The basic state of being joined or connected — the Qal passive participle and Pual forms describing things already attached or united. The tabernacle curtains are 'joined one to another' (Exod 26:3); the ephod's shoulder pieces are 'joined at its two edges' (Exod 28:7). Spanish unido and French joignit both select attachment vocabulary, while the German renderings preserve the stative force. This is the resultative end-state of physical connection, found 11 times and concentrated in Exodus's tabernacle instructions. 11×
AR["(يُحُبَّر)", "اِتَّصَلَ", "مَوصولَةً", "مَوصولَتانِ", "مُتَّحِدَة-", "مُتَّصِلَةٌ", "مُتَّصِلَتانِ", "مُتَّصِلَتَيْنِ", "مُرتَبِطٌ", "وَ-يُوصَلُ"]·ben["এবং-যুক্ত-হবে", "যুক্ত", "যুক্ত-ছিল", "যুক্ত-হবে", "যেমন-সংযুক্ত-", "সংযুক্ত"]·DE["[(יחבר)]", "[חבור]", "[חברות]", "[חברת]", "der-ist-Grenze-zusammen", "es-war-schloss-sich-an", "schloss-sich-an", "und-es-soll-sein-schloss-sich-an"]·EN["Joined", "and-it-shall-be-joined", "is-joined", "it-was-joined", "joined", "joining", "that-is-bound-together"]·FR["cela-était-joignit", "et-cela---être-joignit", "joignit", "joindre", "se-joindre"]·heb["ו-חובר", "חבור", "חובר", "חוברות", "יחובר", "שׁ-חוברה"]·HI["(जुड़ा-है)", "और-जुड़े", "जुड़ा", "जुड़ा-हुआ", "जुड़ी-हुई", "जुड़े-हुए", "जो-जोड़ी-है", "जोड़नेवाले"]·ID["Terikat", "bersentuhan", "dihubungkan", "dipilih", "disambungkan", "supaya-disambungkan", "yang-bersambungan", "yang-terhubung-"]·IT["[חבור]", "[חברות]", "[חברת]", "e-esso-shall-essere-unì", "esso-fu-unì", "si-uni'", "unì", "è-joined"]·jav["(dipun-kumpulaken)", "Nyambung", "dipungandheng", "ingkang-dipungabung-", "ingkang-dipunsambung", "ingkang-dipunsambung,", "kagandeng", "kagegandheng", "nyambung", "sarta-dipunsambung."]·KO["그리고-연결되리라", "연결-된", "연결되었다", "연결된", "연결하는", "연합된다"]·PT["(será-unido)", "Unido", "e-será-unido", "que-está-unida", "unidas", "unido", "unindo"]·RU["и-соединён", "привязан", "соединены", "соединяющие", "соединён", "соединённые", "соединённый-", "соединённых"]·ES["(sea-unido)", "Unido", "que-está-unida", "unidas", "unido", "uniéndose", "y-será-unido"]·SW["Ameshikamana", "anaungana", "kiliunganishwa", "na-vitaunganishwa", "ulioungana-", "vikiunganishwa", "yakigusana", "yakiunganishwa", "yaliyounganishwa"]·TR["bağlı", "birlestirilir", "birleşenler", "birleştirildi", "birleştirilen", "birleştirilmiş", "birleştirilmiş-", "ve-birleştirilecek"]·urd["اور-جڑا-ہوا-ہو", "جوڑا-جائے", "جوڑا-گیا", "جوڑنے-والی", "جڑی-ہوئی", "جڑے-ہوئے", "ملایا", "ملے-ہوئے"]
2. join or connect physically — Active physical joining — the Piel stem meaning to connect, attach, or fasten objects together by deliberate action. Where sense 1 describes the state of being joined, this sense captures the act of joining: Moses 'joined' the curtains (Exod 36:10), and the craftsmen are commanded 'you shall join' them (Exod 26:6, 9, 11). Spanish unir and French joindre consistently distinguish the active process from the resultative state, and German anschliessen captures the deliberate fastening. Eight occurrences, all in the tabernacle construction narrative. 8×
AR["لِيَصِلَ", "وَ-تَصِلُ", "وَ-وَصَلَ", "وَصَلَ"]·ben["এবং-জোড়া-দিল", "এবং-তুমি-যুক্ত-করবে", "জোড়া-দিতে", "জোড়া-দিল"]·DE["er-schloss-sich-an", "und-du-soll-sich-anschliessen", "und-er-schloss-sich-an", "zu-sich-anschliessen"]·EN["and-he-joined", "and-you-shall-join", "he-joined", "to-join"]·FR["et-il-joignit", "et-tu---joindre", "il-joignit", "à-joindre"]·heb["ו-חיברת", "ו-יחבר", "חיבר", "ל-חבר"]·HI["और-जोड़ा", "और-जोड़ो", "जोड़ने-को", "जोड़ा"]·ID["Dan-engkau menghubungkan", "Dan-menyambung", "dan-engkau menghubungkan", "dan-menyambung", "ia-sambung", "untuk-menyambung"]·IT["a-unire", "e-egli-unì", "e-tu-shall-unire", "egli-unì"]·jav["Lan-piyambakipun-nyambung", "Sarta-panjenengan-badhé-nyambung", "kanggé-nyambung", "lan-piyambakipun-nyambung", "piyambakipun-nyambung", "sarta-panjenengan-badhé-nyambung"]·KO["그리고-연결하라", "그리고-연결했다", "연결하기-위하여", "연결했다"]·PT["E-unirás", "E-uniu", "e-unirás", "e-uniu", "para-unir", "uniu"]·RU["И-соедини", "для-соединения", "и-соедини", "и-соединил", "соединил"]·ES["Y-unirás", "Y-unió", "para-unir", "unió", "y-unirás", "y-unió"]·SW["akaunganisha", "kuunganisha", "na-akaunganisha", "na-utaunganisha"]·TR["Ve-birleştirdi", "Ve-birleştireceksin", "birleştirdi", "birleştirmek-için", "ve-birleştirdi", "ve-birleştireceksin"]·urd["اور-جوڑا", "اور-جوڑو", "جوڑنے-کو", "جوڑے"]
3. form alliance or associate — Forming alliances or partnerships — the Hitpael reflexive and certain Qal/Piel uses with personal objects, meaning to ally oneself with another or join forces. The five kings 'came as allies' to the Valley of Siddim (Gen 14:3); Jehoshaphat 'allied himself' with Ahaziah of Israel in a disastrous naval venture (2 Chr 20:35-37); the psalmist asks whether a corrupt throne can 'be allied' with God (Ps 94:20). Spanish aliarse and the reflexive force in the Hitpael both foreground the voluntary, mutual character of the bond. Seven occurrences spanning Genesis through Psalms. 7×
AR["اتَّحَدُوا", "التَّحَالُفِ", "اِتَّحَدَ", "بِ-اتِّحَادِكَ", "هَلْ-يَتَشَارَكُكَ", "وَاشْتَرَكَهُ", "يَتَحَالَفُونَ"]·ben["আর-তিনি-তাকে-যুক্ত-করলেন", "তারা-মিলিত-হবে", "তোমার-যুক্ত-হওয়ার-কারণে", "মিত্রতা", "মিলিত-হল", "মিলিত-হলেন", "যুক্ত-হবে-কি"]·DE["[אתחבר]", "[התחברות]", "[ויחברהו]", "[יתחברו]", "[כהתחברך]", "kann-sein-allied-mit-du", "verbündeten-sich"]·EN["alliance", "allied-himself", "and-he-joined-him", "because-you-allied-yourself", "can-be-allied-with-you", "joined", "they-shall-ally"]·FR["[אתחבר]", "[ויחברהו]", "[כהתחברך]", "joignit", "le-joindre", "se-joindre"]·heb["אתחבר", "ה-יתחברך", "התחברות", "ו-יחברהו-ו", "חברו", "יתחברו", "כ-התחברך-ך"]·HI["इकतथे-हुए", "और-साझेदारीकीउसने", "क्या-साथी-होगा-तेरे", "मिलेंगे", "संधि", "साझेदारीकरनेसे-", "साझेदारीकी"]·ID["Apakah-bersekutu-dengan-Mu", "Dan-bersekutu-dengannya", "Karena-engkau-bersekutu", "bersekutu", "bersekutu-mereka", "mereka-akan-bersekutu", "persekutuan"]·IT["[אתחבר]", "[התחברות]", "[ויחברהו]", "[יתחברו]", "[כהתחברך]", "si-uni'", "unì"]·jav["Lan-nyambungaken", "Punapa-saged-sesambungan-kaliyan-Panjenengan", "amargi-panjenengan-gabung", "badhé-bebarengan", "bebarengan", "gabung", "sami-gabung"]·KO["그리고-연합하였다-그를", "네가-연합함-때에", "동맹하리라", "동맹함의", "연합하였다", "연합했다", "함께하리이까"]·PT["Acaso-se-unirá-a-ti", "E-aliou-o", "a-aliança", "aliou-se", "juntaram-se", "quando-te-aliaste", "se-aliarão"]·RU["и-соединился-с-ним", "когда-соединился-ты", "неужели-соединится-с-Тобой", "объединения", "объединятся-они", "соединились", "соединился"]·ES["Acaso-se-aliará-contigo", "Por-haberte-aliado", "Y-se-asoció", "aliarse", "se-juntaron", "se-unirán", "se-unió"]·SW["Je-itaungana-nawe", "Kwa-kuungana-kwako", "Na-akaungana-naye", "aliungana", "kuungana", "walijiunga", "wataungana"]·TR["Birleştiğinde-", "Ve-ortaklaştı", "birleşecekler", "birleşti", "birleştiler", "ittifaktan", "mı-ortaklaşır"]·urd["اتحاد", "اور-شامل-کیا", "شریک-ہوا", "شریک-ہونے-پر-تیرے", "ملے", "وہ-متحد-ہوں-گے", "کیا-شراکت-ہے-تجھ-سے"]
4. cast spells or bind charms — Casting spells or binding magical charms — the Qal participle chover in the specific phrase chover charavim, 'one who binds bindings,' i.e., a spell-caster. In Deuteronomy 18:11 it appears in the catalog of forbidden occult practices, and in Psalm 58:5 the 'binder of charms' is likened to a snake charmer whose incantations fall on deaf ears. The Akkadian cognate ubburum ('to bind by incantation') confirms that the metaphor of physical knotting-as-magical-binding is ancient and Semitic-wide. Spanish encantador and the two-occurrence pattern mark this as a specialized but well-attested sense. 2×
AR["حاوٍ", "وَ-رَاقٍ"]·ben["এবং-বন্ধনকারী", "মন্ত্রকারী"]·DE["der-binder-von", "oder-eins-binding"]·EN["or-one-binding", "the-binder-of"]·FR["joindre", "ou-un-binding"]·heb["ו-חובר", "חובר"]·HI["और-बांधने-वाला", "डालनेवाला"]·ID["Dan-yang-merapal"]·IT["o-uno-binding", "si-uni'"]·jav["kados", "lan-tukang-japa"]·KO["그리고-여는-자를", "부리는-자-가"]·PT["e-encantador-de", "encantador"]·RU["заклинающих", "и-заклинающий"]·ES["encantador-de", "o-encantador-de"]·SW["au-mfunga-", "mchawi"]·TR["bağlayan", "ve-büyü-yapan"]·urd["اور-منتر-پڑھنے-والا", "باندھنے-والا"]
5. compose or marshal words — Composing or marshaling words in speech — a single Hifil cohortative occurrence in Job 16:4, where Job imagines stringing together arguments against his friends: 'I could join words against you.' The metaphor extends the physical 'binding together' into rhetorical composition. Spanish uniria ('I would join') preserves the root metaphor, while the Hifil causative form signals that the speaker is actively assembling language as one would assemble curtain panels. A rare but vivid extension of the root into the domain of discourse. 1×
AR["أَرصُفُ"]·ben["আমি-জোড়া-লাগাতাম"]·DE["[אחבירה]"]·EN["I-would-join-words"]·FR["joindre"]·heb["אחבירה"]·HI["मैं-जोड़ता"]·ID["aku-merangkai"]·IT["Io-would-join-words"]·jav["kawula-ngrantam"]·KO["연결할-수-있으리라"]·PT["uniria"]·RU["складывал-бы"]·ES["uniría"]·SW["ningewaunganisha"]·TR["düzerdim"]·urd["جوڑتا"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H5971a 1. people, nation (1836×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H5973a 1. accompaniment, together with (956×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [חָבַר] vb. unite (usually intr.), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm (NH id.; Ethiopic ኀበረ yet Assyrian [abâru], ubburu, bind, ban (of spells), ibru, friend, and many deriv., DlW 51 ff.; Aramaic ܚܰܒܰܪ, חַבֵּר and many deriv.; cf. Ph. n. חבר associate)— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. חָֽבְרוּ Gn 14:3; Pt. act. m. חֹבֵר Dt 18:11, חוֹבֵר ψ 58:6; fpl. חֹבְרֹת Ex 26:3(×2) + 2 times + Ez 1:9 (cf. infr.),…