Joining and Alliance

† [חָבַר] vb. unite (usually intr.), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm (NH id.; Ethiopic ኀበረ yet Assyrian [abâru], ubburu, bind, ban (of spells), ibru, friend, and many deriv., DlW 51 ff.; Aramaic ܚܰܒܰܪ, חַבֵּר and many deriv.; cf. Ph. n. חבר associate)— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. חָֽבְרוּ Gn 14:3; Pt. act. m. חֹבֵר Dt 18:11, חוֹבֵר ψ 58:6; fpl. חֹבְרֹת Ex 26:3(×2) + 2 times + Ez 1:9 (cf. infr.), חוֹבְרוֹת Ez 1:11; Pt. pass. cstr. חֲבוּר Ho 4:17 (yet. v. infr.);— 1. unite, be joined: a. of allies, sq. אֶל־ loc. Gn 14:3, constr. praegn. = came as allies unto; pt. pass. fig. חֲבוּר עֲ��ַבִּים אֶפְרָ֖יִם Ho 4:17 Ephr. is joined to idols (but We reads חבר, v. חָבֵר 2 d, and cf. חֲבֵרָיו Is 44:11, חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Mal 2:14). b. of one thing reaching to, touching another; wings of Ezek.’s living creatures sq. אֶל־ rei, Ez 1:9 (del. 𝔊 B Co, but v. Sm); cf. ח׳ אישׁ v 11, i.e. joining each one (trans.), ח׳ אשׁה אל־אחותה (as v 9), united each to the other; so of curtains of tabernacle, sq. אֶל־ rei Ex 26:3(×2); abs. joined together, of shoulder pieces of ephod Ex 28:7; 39:4 (all P; cf. also Pu). 2. tie magic knots, charm (RSJPh. xiv.1885, 123 thinks meaning charm is der. from nectere verba, and comp. Arabic خَبَر, narrative); only c. acc. cogn. ח׳ חָ֑בֶר Dt 18:11 (in a long series of kindred phrases), specif. of charming serpents ψ 58:6 (‖ מְלַחֲשִׁים). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. חִבַּר 36:10; 2 ms. וְחִבַּרְתָּ֫ Ex 26:6 + 2 times; Impf. וַיְחַבֵּר Ex 36:10 + 2 times; sf. וַיְחַבְּרֵהוּ 2 Ch 20:36; Inf. cstr. לְחַבֵּר Ex 36:18;— 1. make an ally of, unite one with, only ויחברהו עִמּוֹ 2 Ch 20:36 and he united him with himself, sq. Inf. of purpose. 2. unite, join (trans.), only Ex (P), of tabern., obj. the curtains, sq. acc. + אֶל־ rei Ex 26:6; 36:10(×2), 13; sq. acc. only 26:9; 36:16; obj. את־האהל join the tent together, 26:11; 36:18. Pu. Pf. 3 ms. חֻבָּ֑ר Ex 39:4, וְחֻבָּ֑ר consec. Ex 28:7 (but v. infr.), 3 fs. שֶׁחֻבְּרָה־ ψ 122:3; Impf. 3 ms. יְחֻבַּר Ec 9:4 Qr (Kt יבחר v. infr.); sf. הַיְחָבְרְךָ ψ 94:20 (Köi. 257 f.; Ges Ew Bö De al. as Qal);— 1. a. be allied with thee (sf. ref. to י׳) ψ 94:20; b. be united to = be one of, מי אשׁר יְח׳ אל כל־הַחַיִּם whoever is united to all the living (Kt יבחר is meaningless) Ec 9:4. 2. be joined together, of ephod עַל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹותָ֯ו ח׳ Ex 39:4 by its two edges was it joined together; cf. ‖ 28:7 (where MT אֶל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹתָיו וְחֻבָּ֑ר עַל־שׁ׳ ק׳ יְחֻבָּ֑ר); עִיר שֶׁח׳־לָהּ ψ 122:3 joined together for itself, i.e. compactly built (of Jerusalem). Hiph. Impf. 1 s. אַחְבִּ֫ירָה עליכם בְּמִלִּים Jb 16:4 I could make a joining with words (i.e. join words together RV VB) against you. Hithp. (late) Pf. אֶתְחַבֵּר (Ges§ 54, 1 n.) 2 Ch 20:35; Impf. יִתְחַבָּ֑רוּ Dn 11:6; Inf. sf. הִתְחַבֶּרְךָ 2 Ch 20:37; Aramaic form הִתְחַבְּרוּת Dn 11:23 (Ges§ 54, 3 R. 1);—join oneself to, make an alliance with, sq. עִם pers. 2 Ch 20:35, 37, sq. אֶל־ pers. Dn 11:23; recipr. league together (abs.) Dn 11:6.

† II. עָרַב vb. take on pledge, give in pledge, exchange (NH go surety for (rare); Ph. ערב surety; Old Aramaic ערבא pledge; 𝔗 עֲרַב, Syriac ܥܪܰܒ, go surety for; usually identified with I. ערב—mix, exchange, pledge—but quite uncertain; cf. BuhlLex LagBN 203);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 44:32 + 4 times; 2 ms. עָרַבְתָּ Pr 6:1; Impf. 1 s. sf. אֶעֶרְבֶנּוּ Gn 43:9; Imv. עֲרֹב ψ 119:122, sf. עָרְבֵנִי Is 38:14, so Jb 17:3 (but v. infr.); Inf. cstr. לַעֲרֹב Ez 27:9; Pt. עֹרֵב Pr 17:18, etc.;— 1. c. acc. pers. take on pledge, i.e. go surety for the safety of, Gn 43:9 (J), 44:32 (J; + מֵעִם pers.); for the debts of Pr 11:15; 20:16; 27:13; of God Is 38;14 go surety for me, ψ 119:122, so Jb 17:3 (si vera l., v. עֵרָבוֹן); acc. pers. om., ע׳ לֵ Pr 6:1 go surety to one (in behalf of another, ‖ תָּקַּע לַזָּר כַּפֶּ֑יךָ); c. acc. rei Pr 22:26 (‖ תֹּקְעֵי־כָ֑ף. 2. give in pledge, c. acc. rei Ne 5:3 (i.e. mortgage), fig. ע׳ אֶת־לִבּוֹ Je 30:21 so ע׳ עֲרֻבָּה לִפְנֵי רֵעֵהוּ Pr 17:18 (‖ תֹּקֵעַ כָּ֑ף). 3. exchange (in trade), c. acc. cogn. מַעֲרָבֵךְ Ez 27:9, 27. Hithp. 1. recipr.: Imv. הִתְעָ֫רֶב נָא אֶת־אֲדֹנִי 2 K 18:23 exchange pledges (make a bargain) with my lord = Is 36:8. 2. a. have fellowship with, בְּ pers., Pf. 3 pl. הִתְעָֽרְבוּ Ezr 9:2; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעָֽרְבוּ ψ 106:35; 2 ms. תִּתְעָרָ֑ב c. לְ pers. Pr 20:19, c. עִם pers. 24:21. b. share in, בְּ rei, 3 ms. יִתְעָרַב Pr 14:10 in his joy no other shares.

† סָפַק [I. שָׂפַקִ] vb. slap, clap (NH Pi. id.; Arabic سَفَقَ slap (face), strike (hands) Lane 1373);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְסָפַק consec. Je 48:26, sf. סְפָקָם Jb 34:26; 1 s. סָפַ֫קְתִּי Je 31:19; 3 pl. סָֽפְקוּ La 2:15; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂפֹּק (שׂ subst. for ס) Jb 27:23, יִסְפּוֹק 34:37, הִסְפֹּק Nu 24:10; Imv. ms. סְפֹק Ez 21:17;— 1. slap, sq. עַל־יָרֵךְ on the thigh, in remorse and sorrow Je 31:19 Ez 21:17; c. כַּפַּיִם clap one’s hands Nu 24:10 (in anger), c. עַל at, La 2:15; Jb 27:23 (in mockery); כ׳ om. Jb 34:37 (in presumptuousness, against God). 2. slap, chastise, c. acc. pers. Jb 34:26 (subj. God). 3. splash וְס׳ מוֹאָב בְּקִיאוֹ Je 48:26 and Moab shall splash (fall with a splash) into his vomit, > Thes BuhlLex 13 empty himself(?), throw up (cf. Syriac ܣܦܩ Pa.). Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. וּבְיַלְדֵי נָכְרִים יַשְׂפִּ֫יקוּ Is 2:6 (read perhaps וּבִידֵי Hi Du Che, and into the hands of foreigners they clap, lit. cause to clap, sc. their hands; > 𝔊 𝔖 from ii. שׂפק q.v., they abound in, have a sufficienty of).

† [צָמַד] vb. bind, join (Arabic ضَمَدَ bind, wind, specif. of girl with two lovers WeGGN 1893, 470; fasten (cattle) to yoke Dozy, مِضْمَد yoke, id.; Assyrian ṣamâdu, bind, harness, so Ethiopic ፀመደ: iii. i be attached, attach oneself, specif. be (religiously) devoted; Aramaic צְמַד, ܨܡܰܕ, bind);— Niph. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּצָּ֫מֶד Nu 25:3; 3 mpl. וַיִּצָּֽמְדוּ ψ 106:28; Pt. pl. נִצְמָדִים Nu 25:5; join, attach, oneself to (ל) Baal Peor, i.e. adopt his worship Nu 25:3, 5 (JE), whence ψ 106:28. Pu. Pt. f. מְצֻמֶּ֫דֶת 2 S 20:8 a sword bound upon (עַל) his lions. Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. תַּצְמִיד מִרְמָה ψ 50:19 thy tongue combineth (fitteth together, frameth) deceit (> denom. from צֶמֶד Gerber170).

† חֹבְלִים n.[m.]pl. union (lit. binders) name of Zec.’s second symbolic staff Zc 11:7 and c. art. v 14. See חָבַל 1.

† [שָׁלַב] vb. Pu. be bound, joined (NH Pu. = BH; שְׁלִיבָה rung of ladder; Aramaic שְׁלִיבִין appar. only 1 K 7:28, 29, ܫܰܠܒܳܐ ravine, narrow path between mountains; Arabic سَلَبَ is seize, carry off, by force);—Pt. fpl. מְשֻׁלָּבֹת Ex 26:17 tenons joined each to (אֶל) its fellow, 36:22 (both P).