H2212 H2212
To refine or purify, especially metals by smelting; also of distilling rain and purifying speech.
A verb denoting the process of separating impurities through heat or filtering, most often applied to the refining of precious metals. Gold is refined (Job 28:1; 1 Chr 28:18), silver is purified seven times (Ps 12:6), and rain is distilled from mist (Job 36:27). The word bridges the physical and the spiritual: the same refining process that produces pure gold from ore becomes a metaphor for God's purification of his promises (Ps 12:6) and, in Isaiah 25:6, of well-aged, filtered wines served at the eschatological feast.
Senses
1. refine, purify — To refine, purify, or distill — the process of removing impurities from a substance by heat or straining. In its literal use, it describes metallurgical refining of gold (Job 28:1; 1 Chr 28:18) and silver (1 Chr 29:4). Spanish uses destilar and purificada, reflecting the dual aspects of distillation and purification. The Piel and Pual forms intensify the thoroughness of the process, as in Psalm 12:6 where God's words are 'purified seven times' — a sevenfold refining that stresses absolute purity. The extension to rain distillation (Job 36:27) shows the word's range from workshop metallurgy to natural phenomena. 7×
AR["مُصَفًّى", "مُصَفَّاةٍ", "وَيُصَفِّيهِمْ", "يُصَفّونَ"]·ben["এবং-তিনি-পরিশোধন-করবেন", "তারা-পরিশোধিত-হয়", "তারা-শোধন-করে", "পরিশোধিত", "বিশুদ্ধ", "শোধিত"]·DE["[וזקק]", "[יזקו]", "[מזקק]", "[מזקקים]", "gereinigt"]·EN["and-refine", "purified", "refined", "they-distill", "they-refine"]·FR["[מזקק]", "[מזקקים]", "de-purifier", "et-purifier", "יזקו"]·heb["ו-זיקק", "יזוקקו", "יזקקו", "מזוקק", "מזוקקים", "מזקק"]·HI["और-वह-तपाएगा", "छानते-हैं", "निर्मल", "वे-शुद्ध-करते-हैं", "शुद्ध-किए-हुए", "शुद्ध-किया"]·ID["dan-memurnikan", "dimurnikan", "disaring", "mereka menyuling", "mereka-memurnikan", "yang-disaring"]·IT["[וזקק]", "[מזקק]", "[מזקקים]", "essi-distill", "potifico'", "they-refine"]·jav["dipun-saring", "ingkang-dipun-saring", "ingkang-dipuncithak", "lan-nyaring", "murni", "piyambak-ipun-nyaring"]·KO["걸렀던", "그것들이-증류한다", "그리고-단련하리라", "정제된", "정제하는"]·PT["destilam", "e-refinando-os", "purificada", "purificados", "que-refinam.", "refinada", "refinado"]·RU["и-переплавит", "очищают", "очищенного", "очищенное", "очищенные", "переплавленное"]·ES["destilan", "purificada", "refinada", "refinado", "refinados", "refinan", "y-los-refinará"]·SW["iliyochujwa", "iliyosafishwa", "na-atasafisha", "wanaisafisha", "yanachujwa"]·TR["arıtılmış", "arıtırlar", "saflaştırılmış", "suzulmus", "ve-saflaştıracak"]·urd["اور-وہ-صاف-کرے-گا", "خالص", "صاف کرتے ہیں", "صاف-کی-ہوئی", "وہ ٹپکتے ہیں"]
Related Senses
H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)G4336 1. pray to God (86×)H6944 3. holy things, sacred offerings (plural) (86×)H3722a 1. make ritual atonement (Piel) (85×)H6912 1. bury (Qal active) (82×)H6419 1. pray (Hitpael) (80×)H6944 4. holiness (with possessive pronoun) (77×)H6942 1. sanctify, consecrate (Piel factitive) (76×)H2930a 1. Qal: be/become unclean (75×)H7819a 1. slaughter an animal (Qal active) (72×)H1486 1. lot (object cast for decisions) (71×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. [זָקַק] vb. refine, purify (Aramaic זְקַק; perhaps kindr. with Assyrian zaḳiḳu, wind, Asrb.Annals vi.64 and Aramaic ܙܺܝܩܳܐ, זִיקָּא violent wind, violent rain with whirlwind)— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יָזֹ֫קּוּ Jb 28:1 obj. זָהָב, 36:27 obj. מָטָר (v. Di). perhaps proposes 4, of gold 1 Ch 28:18, of silver 1 Ch 29:4: ψ 12:7 (מ׳ שׁבעתים); of settled wines שְׁמָרִים מְזֻקָּקִים Is 25:6.