H2000 H2000
To confuse, rout, or throw into panic (especially enemies in battle under divine judgment); also to drive or thresh noisily.
A verb of violent disruption, used almost exclusively for God's terrifying intervention against enemy armies. When Yahweh 'hamam'-ed the Egyptians at the Red Sea (Exod 14:24) or the Canaanites at Gibeon (Josh 10:10), the word captures not mere confusion but a heaven-sent panic that shatters any capacity to fight. Spanish renders it 'turbó' and 'derrotó' (routed), capturing the military devastation. A single occurrence in Isaiah 28:28 preserves the word's older, concrete sense of driving a threshing wheel noisily over grain, hinting at the physical commotion behind the metaphor of divine rout.
Senses
1. confuse, rout, throw into panic — To throw into confusion, discomfit, or rout an opposing force, nearly always with God as subject. The panic is supernatural and total: at the Red Sea (Exod 14:24), at Gibeon (Josh 10:10), and at Mizpah (1 Sam 7:10), Yahweh shatters the enemy's ability to organize resistance. Spanish 'turbó'/'derrotó' and English 'confused'/'discomfited' together convey the blend of psychological terror and military collapse. 15×
AR["أَرْبَكَنِي", "أَزْعَجَهُمْ", "فَ-أَربَكَهُم", "فَ-أُربِكُ", "فَأَذْهَلَهُمْ", "لِإِبَادَتِهِمْ", "لِ‒يُبِيدَهُمْ", "وَ-أَرْبَكَ", "وَ-أَرْبَكَهُمْ", "وَأَذْهَلَهُمْ", "وَأَرْبَكَهُمْ", "وَأَرْبِكْهُمْ", "وَيُرْبِكُهُمْ"]·ben["(আমাকে-পরিব্যাকুল-করেছে)", "(কেতিব)", "-ধ্বংস-করতে", "[আমাকে-পরিব্যাকুল-করেছে]", "এবং-আতঙ্কিত-করল-তাদের", "এবং-তাদের-বিভ্রান্ত-করলেন", "এবং-তিনি-বিভ্রান্ত-করবেন-তাদের", "এবং-বিভ্রান্ত-কর-তাদের।", "এবং-বিভ্রান্ত-করল", "এবং-বিভ্রান্ত-করলেন", "এবং-বিভ্রান্ত-করলেন-তাদের", "এবং-বিহ্বল-করব", "গোলমাল-করলেন-তাদের", "বিশৃঙ্খল-করতে-তাদের-কে"]·DE["[(הממני)]", "[[הממנו]]", "[k]", "[הממם]", "[להמם]", "und-confuse-ihnen", "und-confused-ihnen", "und-er-confused-ihnen", "und-ich-wird-confuse", "und-routed", "und-routed-ihnen", "und-warf-in-confusion", "und-wird-confuse-ihnen", "zu-confuse-ihnen"]·EN["(he-confused-me)", "[k]", "[ketiv:he-confused-me]", "and-He-routed", "and-I-will-confuse", "and-confuse-them", "and-confused-them", "and-he-confused-them", "and-routed", "and-routed-them", "and-threw-into-confusion", "and-will-confuse-them", "confounded-them", "to-confuse-them", "to-crush-them"]·FR["[(הממני)]", "[[הממנו]]", "[k]", "[הממם]", "[להמם]", "et-Il-routed", "et-Je---confondre", "et-confused-eux", "et-fera-confuse-eux", "et-il-confused-eux", "et-jeta-dans-confusion", "et-routed", "et-troubler", "à-confuse-eux"]·heb["(הממני)", "[הממנו]", "הממם-ם", "ו-המם", "ו-הממותי", "ו-יהום", "ו-יהומם", "ו-תהומם", "ל-המם", "ל-המם-ם"]·HI["उसने-कुचल-दिया-मुझे", "और-उन्हें-व्याकुल-कर", "और-घबरा-दिया", "और-घबरा-दिया-उन्हें", "और-घबरा-दूँगा", "और-घबराएगा-उन्हें", "और-घबराया-उन्हें", "और-भगा-दिया", "घबराने-के-लिए", "घबराया-उनको"]·ID["(dan-mengacaukan)", "Dan-mengacaukanlah", "[dan-mengacaukan-mereka]", "[mengacaukan-aku]", "dan-Aku mengacaukan", "dan-kacaukanlah-mereka", "dan-mengacaubalaukan", "dan-mengacaukan-mereka", "mengacaukan-aku", "mengacaukan-mereka", "untuk-membinasakan-mereka", "untuk-menghancurkan-mereka"]·IT["[k]", "[הממם]", "[ויהמם]", "[ותהמם]", "[להמם]", "a-confuse-loro", "confondere", "e-He-routed", "e-confused-loro", "e-egli-confused-loro", "e-fara-confuse-loro", "e-gettò-in-confusion", "e-io-will-confuse", "e-routed"]·jav["(lan-nggawe-bingung)", "Lan-geger", "Lan-mbingungaken-tiyang-menika", "[ketib]", "[lan-nggawe-bingung]", "kanggé-ngrebahi", "kanggé-ngrusak", "lan-Panjenenganipun-nggodha", "lan-dhèrèk-piyambakipun", "lan-mugi-mbingungaken-piyambakipun", "lan-ngawut-awut-piyambakipun", "ngringkihaken", "saha-ngacawis-piyambak-ipun", "sampun-ngawut-awut-kula", "sarta-Kawula-badhé-mbingungaken"]·KO["(그리고-당황하게-함다)", "(혼란시쯄다-나를)", "[그리고-당황하게-함다]", "[혼란시쯄다-우리를]", "그들을-혹란시켰다", "그리고-내가-혼란케-하리라", "그리고-혹란에-빠뜨렸다", "그리고-혼란시켰다", "그리고-혼란시켰다-그들을", "그리고-혼란시켰도다", "그리고-혼란케-하시리라-그들을", "그리고-혼란케하셨다", "그리하여-혼란케-하소서-그들을", "혹란시키도록", "혼란시키기-위해-그들-을"]·PT["(confundiu-me)", "(e-perturbou-os)", "E-aterrou", "[confundiu-me]", "[e-perturbou-os]", "e-confunde-os", "e-confundi-los-á", "e-confundirei", "e-confundiu", "e-confundiu-os", "e-os-confundiu", "os-confundiu", "para-destruí-los", "para-perturbá-los", "¶ E-confundiu-os"]·RU["(смущал-меня)", "[кетив]", "[смущал-меня]", "И-привёл-в-смятение", "И-привёл-в-смятение-их", "и-порази-их", "и-приведу-в-смятение", "и-приведёт-их-в-смятение", "и-привёл-в-смятение", "и-расстроил-их", "и-смутил-их", "смятеньем-их", "уничтожить-их", "чтобы-смутить-их"]·ES["(y-los-turbó)", "Y-derrotó", "Y-los-confundió", "[kethiv]", "[y-los-turbó]", "los-confundió", "me-ha-consumido", "para-aterrorizar-los", "para-destruirlos", "y-confundiré", "y-confundió", "y-los-confundirá", "y-los-confundió", "y-turbálos"]·SW["[amenifadhaisha]", "aliwavuruga", "amenifadhaisha", "atawachanganya", "kuwafadhaisha", "kuwaondoa", "na-akawatatanisha", "na-akawatia-hofu", "na-akawatia-wasiwasi", "na-akawavuruga", "na-nitafadhaisha", "na-uwataangazie"]·TR["(ve-şaşırttı)", "(şaşırttı-beni)", "Ve-şaşırttı", "[ve-şaşırttı-onları]", "[şaşırttı-beni]", "eziklmek-için-", "karıştırdı-onları", "karıştırmak-için-onları", "ve-bozguna-uğrattı", "ve-kargaşaya-verdi", "ve-karıştıracak-onları", "ve-korkut-onları", "ve-şaşkına-çevirdi-onları", "ve-şaşkına-çevireceğim", "ve-şaşırttı-onları"]·urd["(اور-حیران-کیا)", "(اُس-نے-پریشان-کیا-مجھے)", "[اور-حیران-کیا-اُنہیں]", "[اُس-نے-پریشان-کیا-مجھے]", "ان-کو-ہلاک-کرنے", "اور-اُنہیں-پریشان-کر", "اور-بوکھلا-دیا", "اور-پریشان-کروں-گا", "اور-پریشان-کیا", "اور-گھبرا-دیا", "اور-گھبرا-دیا-اُنہیں", "اور-گھبرا-دے-گا-انہیں", "اُنہیں-تباہ-کر-دیا", "تباہ-کرنے"]
Exod 14:24, Exod 23:27, Deut 2:15, Deut 7:23, Josh 10:10, Judg 4:15, 1 Sam 7:10, 2 Sam 22:15, 2 Sam 22:15, 2 Chr 15:6, Esth 9:24, Ps 18:14 (+3 more)
2. drive, push, thresh — To drive or push forcefully in a concrete, mechanical sense, as in driving a threshing wheel over grain (Isa 28:28). This sole occurrence preserves the root's physical, noisy-motion core. Spanish 'empuja' (pushes) highlights the brute physicality, distinct from the abstract panic of the dominant sense. 1×
AR["وَ-يُدِيرُ"]·ben["ও-চালনা-করেন"]·DE["[והמם]"]·EN["he-threshes-it"]·FR["[והמם]"]·heb["ו-המם"]·HI["और-शोर-करता-है"]·ID["dan-ia-menggerakkan"]·IT["e-confondere"]·jav["lan-nggilas"]·KO["그리고-몰고"]·PT["e-fez-passar"]·RU["и-погонит"]·ES["y-empuja"]·SW["na-akiendesha"]·TR["ve-hareketlendirdi"]·urd["اور-چلاتا-ہے"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)H2009 1. presentative particle: behold, look (881×)H0589 1. I (first person singular pronoun) (874×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† הָמַם vb. make a noise, move noisily, confuse, discomfit (cf. [הום])— Qal Pf. וְהָמַם consec. Is 28:28; sf. הֲמָמַ֫נִי Je 51:34 Qr (Kt הֲמָמָ֫נוּ), הֲמָמָם 2 Ch 15:16; 1 s. וְהַמֹּתִ֫י Ex 23:27; Impf. וַיָּ֫הָם Ex 14:24 Ju 4:15; sf. וַיְּהֻמֵּם Jos 10:10 1 S 7:10 ψ 18:15 + 2 S 22:15 Kt (doubtless right; Qr וַיָּהֹ֑ם); 2 ms. sf. וּתְהֻמֵּם ψ 144:6; Inf. sf. לְהֻמָּם Dt 2:15 Est 9:24;— 1. move…