H1921 H1921
To honor, show respect, adorn; also of terrain swelling or being rugged; reflexively, to glorify oneself.
Rooted in the idea of swelling or fullness, this verb branches into honoring persons and describing imposing terrain. The Torah commands 'you shall honor (וְהָדַרְתָּ) the face of the old man' (Lev 19:32), while the same root warns against showing partiality in court (Exod 23:3; Lev 19:15) — Spanish 'honrarás' and 'favorecerás' neatly capture this dual edge. Isaiah uses the passive participle to describe God as 'majestic' in crimson garments (Isa 63:1) and, strikingly, rough terrain that will be leveled before Cyrus (Isa 45:2). The Hitpael in Prov 25:6 warns against glorifying oneself before a king — Spanish 'te glorifiques' underscoring the reflexive self-exaltation.
3. glorify oneself, boast — Glorifying oneself, boasting — the Hitpael reflexive form in Prov 25:6, warning against self-promotion in the king's presence. Spanish 'te glorifiques' and the reflexive structure across languages mark this as distinct from transitive honoring: here the subject inflates his own status rather than elevating another. 1×
AR["تَتَفاخَرْ"]·ben["তুমি-গৌরব-করো"]·DE["[תתהדר]"]·EN["honor-yourself"]·FR["תתהדר"]·heb["תתהדר"]·HI["बड़ाई-कर"]·ID["memuliakan-diri"]·IT["honor-yourself"]·jav["ngagungaken-dhiri"]·KO["자랑하지"]·PT["te-glorifiques"]·RU["прославляйся"]·ES["te-glorifiques"]·SW["jisifu"]·TR["övün"]·urd["بڑائی-کر"]
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
1. honor, show respect, be majestic — Honoring, showing respect, or being majestic — the dominant sense, spanning deference to elders (Lev 19:32), judicial impartiality warnings (Exod 23:3; Lev 19:15), and divine majesty (Isa 63:1, 'majestic in his apparel'). Lam 5:12 extends it to the dishonoring of elders in exile. Spanish 'honrarás/favorecerás' and French 'honorer' consistently convey respectful elevation of status. 5×
AR["تُحابي","تُحَابُونَ","تُكْرَمْ","مُتَزَيِّنٌ","وَ-تُوَقِّرُونَ"]·ben["এবং-সম্মান-করবে","জাঁকালো","পক্ষপাতিত্ব-করবে","সম্মান-দেওয়া-হত","সম্মান-দেবে"]·DE["Ehre","[הדור]","[נהדרו]","du-soll-Gunst","und-Ehre"]·EN["and-honor","honor","majestic","were-honored","you-shall-favor"]·FR["[הדור]","[נהדרו]","et-honorer","honorer","tu---grâce"]·heb["הדור","ו-הדרת","נהדרו","תהדר"]·HI["और-सम्मान-करोगे","पक्षपात-करो","शोभायमान","सम्मान-करोगे","सम्मानित-किए-गए"]·ID["dan-hormatlah","dihormati","engkau muliakan","kamu-hormat","yang-bersemarak"]·IT["e-onorare","onorare","tu-shall-favore"]·jav["endah","lan-ngaosi","ngaosi","panjenengan-bela","sami-kaurmatan"]·KO["그들-이-존경했네","그리고-공경하라-너는","너는-편들다","영화로운","존경할-것이다-너는"]·PT["e-honrarás","favorece-rás","foram-honradas","honrarás","magnífico"]·RU["величественный","возвышай","и-почитай","почитай","почитали"]·ES["favorecerás","fueron-honrados","honrarás","majestuoso","y-honrarás"]·SW["aliyetukuka","haukuheshimiwa","na-utaheshimu","utaheshimu","utampendelea"]·TR["gorkemli","kayracaksın","saygı-gördüler","saygı-göstereceksin","ve-saygı-göstereceksin"]·urd["اور-عزت-کرو","رعایت-کرو","شاندار","عزت-کرو","عزت-کی-گئی"]
2. be rugged, swell (of terrain) — Swelling, rugged terrain — the likely original physical sense of the root. In Isa 45:2 the Qal passive participle הֲדוּרִים describes rough hills or 'swelling places' that God will flatten before Cyrus. The LXX reads ὄρη ('mountains'), and Spanish 'lugares-escabrosos' ('rugged places') confirms the topographic reading, though some emend to הררים ('mountains'). 1×
AR["وَالوُعُورَاتِ"]·ben["এবং-উঁচু-জায়গাগুলো"]·DE["[והדורים]"]·EN["and-mountains"]·FR["[והדורים]"]·heb["ו-הדורים"]·HI["और-ऊबड़-खाबड-को"]·ID["dan-bukit-bukit"]·IT["e-onorare"]·jav["lan-ingkang-curam"]·KO["그리고-험한-곳들을"]·PT["e-lugares-acidentados"]·RU["и-неровности"]·ES["y-lugares-escabrosos"]·SW["na-vilima"]·TR["ve-tepeleri"]·urd["اور-ٹیڑھی-جگہیں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [הָדַר] vb. swell (?), honour, adorn, (NH הִדֵּר adorn; Aramaic הַדַּר ܗܰܕܰܪ Pa. adorn, honour; perhaps all denom.; cf. Palm. n.pr.f. הדירת ornata, honorata VogNo. 55; Arabic هَدَرَ be of no account; but also ferbuit (vinum) & أَهْدَرُ inflatus, tumens (venter))— Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְהָדַרְתָּ֫ Lv 19:32; Impf. 2 ms. תֶּהְדַּר Ex 23:3 Lv 19:15; Pt. pass. הָדוּר Is 63:1, pl. הֲדוּרִים Is 45:2 (poss.…