H1864 H1864
South, southern direction — a poetic and late Hebrew term for the south as a cardinal direction
A somewhat literary and late Hebrew noun for 'south,' used primarily in Ezekiel's temple visions and in Ecclesiastes. Unlike the more common negev (which also denotes the arid southern region) or teman (associated with the far south and Edom), darom functions as a neutral directional term, typically contrasted with tsafon ('north') and sometimes with qadim ('east') or yam ('west/sea'). In Ezekiel's elaborate temple descriptions, it identifies the southern gate, southern chambers, and southern measurements (Ezek 40-42). Deuteronomy 33:23 pairs it with yam in Naphtali's blessing, and Job 37:17 invokes the south wind's stifling heat. Ecclesiastes uses it in proverbial observations about wind patterns (1:6) and fallen trees (11:3).
Senses
1. south, southern direction — A geographic directional noun meaning 'south' or 'the south,' employed primarily in poetic and late biblical Hebrew. Concentrated in Ezekiel's temple vision (12 of 17 occurrences) where it designates the southern gate (sha'ar haddarom), southern chambers, and southern orientation, consistently opposed to tsafon ('north'). English renders 'south'; Spanish uses 'sur' and 'mediodía'; French employs 'midi' and 'sud.' Also attested in Deut 33:23, Job 37:17, and Ecclesiastes 1:6 and 11:3, where it carries atmospheric and proverbial connotations. 17×
AR["الجَنُوبِ", "الدَّارُومِ", "الْ-جَنُوبِ", "الْجَنُوبِ", "الْجَنُوبِيَّ", "الْجَنُوبِيِّ", "بَ-دَّرُوم", "مِنَ-الْجَنُوبِ", "نَحْوَ-الْجَنُوبِ", "وَالْجَنُوبَ"]·ben["-দক্ষিণে", "-দক্ষিণের", "এবং-দক্ষিণ", "এবং-ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী-কর", "দক্ষিণ", "দক্ষিণ-থেকে", "দক্ষিণে"]·DE["Sueden", "[בדרום]", "[דרום]", "[מדרום]", "und-Sueden"]·EN["and-south", "from-the-south", "in-the-south", "south", "the-south", "to-the-south"]·FR["de-midi", "et-sud", "midi"]·heb["ב-דרום", "דרום", "ה-דרום", "ו-דרום", "ל-דרום", "מ-דרום"]·HI["और-दक्षिण", "दक्षिण", "दक्षिण-की", "दक्षिण-की-ओर", "दक्षिण-में", "दक्षिण-से"]·ID["dan-selatan", "dari-selatan", "di-selatan", "ke-selatan", "selatan", "selatan-itu"]·IT["da-da-il-sud", "e-sud", "nel-in-il-sud", "sud"]·jav["dhateng-kidul", "ing-kidul", "kidul", "lan-kidul", "saking-kidul"]·KO["그-남쪽", "그-남쪽의", "그리고-남쪽을", "남쪽", "남쪽-에서", "남쪽을", "에-남쪽으로"]·PT["do-sul", "do-sul.", "e-sul", "o-sul", "para-o-sul"]·RU["и-пророчествуй", "и-юг", "к-югу", "на-юг,", "от-юга", "югу", "южную", "южные", "южный", "южным"]·ES["desde-sur", "el-sur", "en-el-sur", "hacia-el-sur", "la-del-sur", "y-el-sur"]·SW["kusini", "kutoka-kusini", "la-kusini", "na-kusini"]·TR["guneyde", "guneyin", "güney'in", "güneydenn", "güneye", "güneyin", "ve-güneyi"]·urd["اور-جنوب", "جنوب سے", "جنوب-کی", "جنوب-کی-طرف", "جنوبی", "دکھن", "میں-جنوب"]
Deut 33:23, Job 37:17, Eccl 1:6, Eccl 11:3, Ezek 20:46, Ezek 40:24, Ezek 40:24, Ezek 40:27, Ezek 40:27, Ezek 40:28, Ezek 40:28, Ezek 40:44 (+5 more)
Related Senses
H8033 1. There (locative adverb) (835×)H7760a 1. put, place, set physically (444×)H8064 1. heavens / sky (329×)H5439 1. around, all around (spatial) (319×)H4057b 1. wilderness, desert region (270×)H3220 1. sea, body of water (269×)H0520a 1. cubit (unit of length) (246×)H0127 1. ground, land (territory) (210×)H3383 1. Jordan River (proper noun) (183×)G1093 1. earth, the world (176×)H5800a 1. forsake, abandon (Qal active) (166×)H8121 1. sun (celestial body) (133×)H7126 1. offer, present sacrificially (122×)H6828 1. north, cardinal direction (120×)H2351 1. outside, exterior space (119×)H5104 1. river, stream (119×)H7341 1. width, breadth (101×)G1563 1. there (95×)H7126 2. draw near, approach (95×)G2281 1. sea, large body of water (91×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† דָּרוֹם n.m. south (poet. & late) (on formation cf. Ol§ 216 a Sta§ 295)—דָּרוֹם Jb 37:17 + 16 times + Ez 40:27 b. 28 b (del. 𝔖 Co in v 27 b; AB 𝔖 Co in v 28 b—south, Ez 42:18 (over against קָדִים, צָפוֹן, יָם); 12 times more in Ezek.) of wh. Co del. 2, cf. supr.) 21:2 (= תֵּימָנָה and נֶגֶב); דֶּרֶךְ הַדּ׳ toward south 40:24(×2), 27, read also דֶּרֶךְ הַדּ׳ 42:10 for ד׳ הַקָּדִים 𝔊 Ke Co;…