South and Direction

† נֶ֫גֶב n.[m.] south-country, Negeb, south (cf. LagBN 78);—נ׳ abs. Gn 20:1 +; cstr. Jos 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Gn 13:14 +;— 1. south-country, i.e. a. specif. the region S. of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined (see cities in it Jos 15:21–32), but c. from hills S. of Hebron to Ḳadesh, אֶרֶץ הַנּ׳ Gn 20:1 (E), 24:62 (J), Nu 13:29 (JE), Ju 1:15 Jos 15:19; alm. = n.pr. הַנּ׳, הַנֶּ֫גְבָּה, Gn 12:9; 13:1 Nu 13:17, 22; 21:1 (all J), Dt 34:3 (JE), Dt 1:7 Jos 10:40; 11:16; 12:8 (all D), Nu 33:40 Jos 15:21 (both P), Ju 1:9 1 S 20:41 (but read הָאַרְגָּב, i.e. the mound 𝔊 (ἀργαβ) Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS), Je 13:19; 17:26; 32:44; 33:13 Zc 7:7 Ob 20 ψ 126:4 (sim.), Ez 21:3a (= Judah); נ׳ (no art.) Gn 13:3 (J), 1 S 30:1, Is 30:6 (cf. Di); of particular districts in the Negeb: נ׳ עֲרָד Ju 1:16 (cf. GFM), נ׳ יהוּדָה etc. 1 S 27:10(×3) (cf. Dr), 30:14(×2) 2 S 24:7 2 Ch 28:18; v. also Zc 14:10; רָמַת נ׳ Jos 19:8, רָמוֹת נ׳ 1 S 30:27; coll. c. pl. vb. = people of south-land Ob 19. b. land S. of Babylon Is 21:1 (cf. Di). c. = Egypt Dn 11:5, 6, 9, 11, 14, 15, 25(×2), 29, 40 (v. Meinh Bev Behrm, cf. v 43). 2. hence south (opp. N., E., W.) Gn 13:14; 28:14 (both J), Jos 17:10 (P), 1 K 7:25 = 2 Ch 4:4, 1 Ch 9:24; 26:15, 17 (cf. v 14, 16, 18), Ez 21:3b, 9 Dn 8:4, 9, further 1 K 7:39 Zc 14:4; פְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Ex 26:18, cf. 27:9; 36:23; 38:9; 40:24 (of S. side of tabernacle); שַׁ֫עַר נ׳ Ez 46:9(×2); פְּאַת נ׳ south side or border Nu 34:3; 35:5 Jos 18:15 (all P), Ez 47:19, cf. v 19 48:16, 28, 33; גְּבוּל נ׳ south boundary Nu 34:3 Jos 15:2, 4; 18:19 (all P), cf. לְ" dir="rtl" >מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ (הַגְּבוּל) on the south of Nu 34:4(×2) Jos 15:3 (אֶל־מִנּ׳ לְ), v 3, 7; 18:13 (all P), Ju 21:19; מִנּ׳ abs. on the south Jos 18:5 (JE), 19:34 (P), 1 S 14:5 Ez 40:2; כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנּ׳ Jos 15:8, cf. 18:13, 16 (all P); נֶ֫גְבָּה 15:1, 2; 18:14(×2), 19 (all P), 2 Ch 4:10 Ez 21:2 (Co; ℌ נגב), 48:10, 17; נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Jos 17:9 (P).—For נ׳ כִּנְּרוֹת 11:2 read נֶגֶד (𝔊 Di).

† I. [צֹ֫הַר] n.[m.] only pl. צָהֳרַ֫יִם midday, noon, Dt 28:29 +, צָהֳרָ֑יִם Gn 43:16 + (when sun mounts its highest; on form as expanded pl. (not du.) v. Ges§ 88 c and reff.);—usually 1. noon as a specif. time of day, 1 K 18:29; especially בַּצּ׳ at noon Gn 43:16, 25; Am 8:9; 1 K 18:27; 20:16; Ct 1:7 (resting-time for flock), Je 6:4 (opp. evening); בְּעֵת צ׳ Je 20:16 (dist. from morning) as time of supposed security Je 15:8; Zp 2:4; also מֵהַבֹּקֶר וְעַד הַצּ׳ 1 K 18:26, עַד־הַצּ׳ 2 K 4:20; without ב, as adv., צ׳ as time of prayer ψ 55:18 (+ בֹּקֶר, עֶרֶב); as time of wasting קֶטֶב 91:6; מִשְׁכַּב הַצּ׳ 2 S 4:5 noonday repose. 2. noon, as bright, sim. of happiness, blessing, Is 58:10 (opp. אֲפֵלָה), ψ 37:6 (‖ כָּאוֹר); cf. Jb 11:17 (Ges§ 133 e); v. also בְּתוֹךְ הַצּ׳ Is 16:3 (opp. צִלֵּךְ); בַּצּ׳ Dt 28:29 Is 59:10 Jb 5:14.

† I. תֵּימָן n.f. Is 43:6 south, south wind, chiefly poet., P & Ez (lit. what is on the right (hand), i.e. as one faces east; v. WetzstVerhandl. d. Berl. Anthrop. Ges. 1878, 390)—abs. ת׳ Zc 9:14 + 6 times (הַתּ׳ only Zc 6:6); תֵּמָן Jb 9:9; c. ה loc. תֵּימָ֫נָה Ex 26:18 + 12 times;— 1. a. south, southern quarter of sky, לְתֵימָן Jb 39:26 (of flight of bird); of constellations חַדְרֵי ת׳ 9:9; סַעֲרוֹת ת׳ Zc 9:14 whirlwinds of the south; of territory, the south Is 43:6 (opp. צָפוֹן), also אֶרֶץ הַתּ׳ Zc 6:6 (opp. אֶרֶץ צָפוֹן); נֶגְבָּה מִקְצֵה ת׳ Jos 15:1 southward at the end of the south, i.e. in the remotest south (of the land);—see also ii. תֵּימָן²" dir="rtl" >ת׳. b. c. ה loc. toward the south, especially in topograph. description (often with other points of compass), פְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Ex 26:18 (P), פ׳ת׳נ׳ Ez 47:19, פ׳ נֶגֶב ת׳ Ex 27:9; 36:23; 38:9 (all P), Ez 47:19; 48:28; + צלע side Ex 26:35, ירך Nu 3:29 (both P); also Nu 2:10; 10:6 (P); יָ֫מָּה וְצָפֹ֫נָה וְת׳ וּמִזְרָחָה Dt 3:27; ה loc. is redundant in דֶּרֶךְ תֵּימָ֫נָה Ez 21:2 turn thy face southward (‖ דָּרוֹם and נֶגֶב). 2. south wind ψ 78:26 (קָדִים in ‖ cl.), Ct 4:16 (צָפוֹן in ‖ cl.)

† דָּרוֹם n.m. south (poet. & late) (on formation cf. Ol§ 216 a Sta§ 295)—דָּרוֹם Jb 37:17 + 16 times + Ez 40:27 b. 28 b (del. 𝔖 Co in v 27 b; AB 𝔖 Co in v 28 b—south, Ez 42:18 (over against קָדִים, צָפוֹן, יָם); 12 times more in Ezek.) of wh. Co del. 2, cf. supr.) 21:2 (= תֵּימָנָה and נֶגֶב); דֶּרֶךְ הַדּ׳ toward south 40:24(×2), 27, read also דֶּרֶךְ הַדּ׳ 42:10 for ד׳ הַקָּדִים 𝔊 Ke Co; שַׁעַר הַדּ׳ south gate 40:[27], 28, [28] cf. Co supr., 40:44 (opp. צפון; also קדים), v 45 (opp. צפון) 42:12 = לַדָּ׳ 41:11 (opp. צפון), לִשְׁכוֹת הד׳ 42:13 (opp. צפון). Elsewhere only Dt 33:23 (‖ יַם), Jb 37:17; Ec 1:6; 11:3 (both opp. צפון).

† II. תֵּימָן n.pr. (m. et) loc. a N. district of Edom, poet. often = Edom Am 1:12 (‖ אֱדוֹם v 11, and בָּצְרָה), Ob 9 (‖ הַר־עֵשָׂו), Je 49:7, 20; Ez 25:13 (all ‖ אֱדוֹם Hb 3:3 (‖ הַר־פָּארָן; prob. also Jos 12:3; 13:4 (both D); in Gn 3:6 (P) as name of an Edomite chief, son of אֱלִיפַז and grandson of Esau v 11 = 1 Ch 1:36; v 42 = 1 Ch 1:53; so תֵּומָ֯ן Gn 36:15.—Vid. further BuhlEdomiter 30; cf. תֵּימָא (p. 1066).

νότος, ὁ, south wind (opposed to Βορέας, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅταν μὲν ἐλάττων ᾖ, αἴθριός ἐστιν, ὅταν δὲ μέγας, νεφώδηςRefs __2 N. personified as god of the South wind, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II south or south-west quarter, πρὸς μεσαμβρίης τε καὶ νότου NT+5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ νότου with genitive, to the south of, Refs 2nd c.BC+, etc.; later ἐκ νότου with genitive, Refs 3rd c.AD+, etc.: genitive νότου to the south, Refs 2nd c.BC+

μεσημβρ-ία (μέσος, ἡμέρα), Ionic dialect μεσαμβρίη Refs 5th c.BC+: ἡ:— midday, Ζεὺς ἐκ μεσημβρίης ἔθηκε νύκτα Refs 7th c.BC+; μεσαμβρίης at noon, Refs; ἔτρωγ᾽.. σῦκα τῆς μεσημβρίας Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ μεσημβρίας just after noon, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. ἵσταται 'tis high noon, Refs __II the South, Μολοσσῶν πρὸς μεσημβρίης Refs 5th c.BC+; κεῖται πόλις πρὸς μεσαμβρίηνRefs 2nd c.BC+

II. רָ(א)מוֹת26 n.pr. 1. loc. Heights, Ramôth;— a. in Gilead, רָמֹת בַּגִּלְעָד Jos 21:38 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v 36; P), רָאמוֹת בַּגּ׳ (of Gad) Dt 4:43; 1 Ch 6:65, רָאמֹת בַּגּ׳ Jos 20:8 (P), Ραμωθ [Jos 20:8 Αρημωθ] ἐν (τῇ) Γαλααδ; usually רָמֹת ג׳ (Ρεμμαθ [Ερεμαθ, Ραμωθ, Ραμα(θ)] Γαλ., etc.) 1 K 4:13 + 19 times K Ch (v. גִּלְעָד 1 d); = ii. רָמָה 5, q.v.; site dub.; Onom. (Lag 287. 91) 15 m. W. of Philadelphia [Jer Ib. 145. 31 says E!], hence Di Gn 31:54 BuhlG. 261f. conj. el-Jalʿaud, c. 17 Eng. m. NW. of Phil., and 3 m. S. of Yabboḳ; SMerill E. of Jordan, 284ff.; Hast. DB. Ramoth G. conj. (on gen. grounds) Jerash, c. 28 m. N. of Phil.; GASmG. 586 some place just S. of Yarmuk, cf. GACooke in Dr Dt Add. xviiif., q.v. especially against es-Salṭ (Seetzen al.). †b. רָמוֹת־נֶגֶב 1 S 30:27, v. רָ(א)מַת 3. †c. רָאמוֹת, Levit. city in Issachar 1 Ch 6:58 (Δαβωρ, 𝔊L Ραμωθ), prob. = רֶ֫מֶת Jos 19:21 (P; Ρεμμας, A Ραμαθ), and יַרְמוּת 2, Jos 21:29, q.v. p. 438 (v. also Di Jos 19:21). 2. m. (וְ)רָמוֹת Ezr 10:29 Qr (Kt ירמות) v. יְרֵימוֹת" dir="rtl" >יְרֵימוֹת 5 c, p. 438.