H1855 H1855
To crush, shatter, pulverize; Aramaic verb used in Daniel for grinding kingdoms to dust and for being broken to pieces.
An Aramaic verb confined to the book of Daniel, where it carries enormous apocalyptic weight. In the Hafel (causative), it describes the divine stone that strikes Nebuchadnezzar's image and crushes it to powder (Dan 2:34, 44–45), and the terrifying fourth beast that devours and tramples everything underfoot (Dan 7:7, 19, 23). In the Pe'al (simple stem), it describes the passive result — the iron, clay, bronze, silver, and gold 'were crushed' together and became like chaff (Dan 2:35). Spanish consistently renders it 'desmenuzar' (to crumble/pulverize), capturing the reduction to fine particles that is central to this word's force.
Senses
1. crush, shatter (Hifil) — To crush, shatter, or pulverize something — the Hafel causative action of grinding to dust. This is the dominant sense, appearing in Daniel's apocalyptic visions: the stone cut without hands that strikes and shatters the composite statue (Dan 2:34, 40, 44–45), and the fourth beast that crushes and devours all in its path (Dan 7:7, 19, 23). Spanish 'desmenuza/desmenuzará' and German 'zermalmen' both emphasize the thoroughness of the destruction — not merely breaking but reducing to powder. 9×
AR["تَسْحَقُ","سَحَقَتْ","وَ-سَحَقَ","وَ-سَحَقَهُنَّ","وَ-يُدَقِّقُ","وَ-يُدَقِّقُهَا","يَسْحَقُ","يُدَقِّقُ"]·ben["এবং-চূর্ণ-করত","এবং-চূর্ণ-করবে-একে","এবং-চূর্ণ-করল","চূর্ণ-করত","চূর্ণ-করবে","চূর্ণ-করল","চূর্ণ-করে"]·DE["und-zermalmen","zermalmen"]·EN["and-crush-it","and-crushed","and-crushing","and-it-crushed","crushed","crushing","it-will-shatter","shatters"]·FR["broyer","et-broyer"]·heb["ו-מרסקת","ו-ריסקה","ו-תרסקה","מדיק","מרסקת","ריסקו","תדיק"]·HI["और-कुचलता-था","और-चूर-किया","और-चूर-चूर-किया","और-रौंदेगा-उसे","कुचल-देगा","कुचलता-था","कुचलता-है","चूर-करेगा","चूर-दिए"]·ID["dan-menghancurkan","dan-meremukkan","dan-meremukkannya","diremukkan","ia-akan-menghancurkan","menghancurkan","meremukkan"]·IT["e-frantumare","frantumare"]·jav["badhe-ngrusakaken","lan-ngremèkaken","lan-ngrusakaken","ngrusakaken","sami-dipunremuk","sami-ngremèkaken"]·KO["그것이-부수고","그리고-부수는","그리고-부수었다","그리고-부술것이다-그것을","부수고","부수는","부수었더라"]·PT["e-a-esmiguçará","e-esmagou","e-esmiguçando","esmaga","esmagaram","esmagará","esmiguçando"]·RU["и-раздробил","и-сокрушающий","и-сокрушит-её","раздробили","раздробит","раздробляющее","сокрушающий"]·ES["desmenuza","desmenuzaba","desmenuzará","trituraron","y-desmenuzaba","y-desmenuzó","y-la-desmenuzará","y-los-desmenuzó"]·SW["akivunja-vipande","kinavunja","na-akavunja-vipande","na-likavunja","na-likazivunja","na-utaivunja-vipande","utavunja","walivunja"]·TR["kemiklerini","parçalar","parçalayacak","parçalayan","ve-parçaladı","ve-parçalayacak-onu","ve-parçalıyordu"]·urd["اور-ٹکڑے-ٹکڑے-کر-دیا","اور-ٹکڑے-کرتا-تھا","اور-ٹکڑے-کرے-گی-اُسے","اور-چور-چور-کر-دیا","ٹکڑے-کرتا-تھا","چور-چور-کرنے-والا","چور-چور-کرے-گی","چُور-چُور-کر-دیں"]
2. be crushed (Qal passive) — To be crushed or shattered — the Pe'al intransitive/passive, describing the state of having been pulverized. Daniel 2:35 uses this form to narrate the aftermath: all the materials of the image 'were crushed together' (daqu) and became like chaff on a summer threshing floor. The passive completes the picture initiated by the Hafel — what the stone actively shatters, this form describes as lying in fragments. 1×
AR["سُحِقَ"]·ben["চূর্ণ-হল"]·DE["zermalmen"]·EN["were-crushed"]·FR["broyer"]·heb["נדקו"]·HI["चूर-हुए"]·ID["hancur"]·IT["frantumare"]·jav["sami-remuk"]·KO["부서졌다"]·PT["foram-esmagados"]·RU["раздробились"]·ES["fueron-desmenuzados"]·SW["zilivunjwa"]·TR["parçalandı"]·urd["چور-چور-ہوئے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [דְּקַק] vb. be shattered, fall to pieces (BH);— Pe. Pf. 3 mpl. דָּקוּ Dn 2:35. Haph. break in pieces: Pf. 3 fs. הַדֶּ֫קֶת 2:34, 45, 3 mpl. הַדִּ֑קוּ 6:25 (all sq. acc.); Impf. 3 fs. תַּדִּק 2:40 (abs.), v 44 (acc.); sf. תַּדֱּקִנַּהּ 7:23; Pt. act. מְהַדֵּק 2:40 (acc.), f. מַדֱּקָה (K§ 46, 3b)) abs. 7:7, 19.