H1612 H1612
gephen -- vine, grapevine; the cultivated grape plant, both literal and as a figure for Israel and blessing
The feminine noun gephen ('vine, grapevine') refers to the cultivated grape plant (Vitis vinifera), one of the most symbolically charged botanical terms in the Hebrew Bible. Its 55 occurrences range from literal viticulture -- the vine in Pharaoh's cupbearer's dream (Gen 40:9-10), instructions about the Nazirite vow (Num 6:4), and the spies' enormous grape cluster from Eshcol (Num 13:23) -- to rich figurative use where Israel itself is portrayed as Yahweh's vine (Ps 80:8-16; Isa 5:1-7; Hos 10:1). The idyllic phrase 'every man under his vine and under his fig tree' (1 Kgs 4:25; Mic 4:4) became shorthand for peace and prosperity. Spanish vid, French vigne, and German Weinstock render it with perfect consistency.
Senses
1. vine, grapevine — The grapevine used both literally for viticulture and figuratively for Israel. It appears in the cupbearer's dream (Gen 40:9-10), Nazirite legislation (Num 6:4), and the promise land's bounty (Deut 8:8). Figuratively, Israel is Yahweh's vine (Ps 80:8-16; Isa 5:1-7; Hos 10:1). Spanish vid, French vigne, and German Weinstock confirm a single concept across all 55 occurrences. 55×
AR["الـ-كَرْمَة", "الكَرْمَةُ", "الْكَرْمَةُ", "الْكَرْمَةِ", "كَ-الْكَرْمَةِ", "كَرمَةٌ", "كَرمَةٍ", "كَرْمَةٌ", "كَرْمَةٍ", "كَرْمَةَ", "كَرْمَةُ", "كَرْمَةِ", "كَكَرمَةٍ", "هَ-جِفِن"]·ben["-দ্রাক্ষালতা", "আঙুর", "আঙুর-লতা", "আঙুর-লতার", "আঙুরলতা", "দ্রাক্ষালতা", "দ্রাক্ষালতা-", "দ্রাক্ষালতার", "দ্রাক্ষালতার-মতো", "যেমন-আঙুরলতা", "লতা"]·DE["Weinstock", "der-Weinstock", "ein-Weinstock", "wie-ein-Rebe"]·EN["a-vine", "like-a-vine", "like-vine", "the-vine", "vine", "vine-of"]·FR["cep", "comme-vigne", "la-vigne", "la-vigne,", "le-vine", "un-vigne", "vigne"]·heb["גפן", "ה-גפן", "כ-גפן"]·HI["अंगूर-की-तरह", "दाख-की-तरह", "दाखलता", "दाखलताने", "बेलें", "से-"]·ID["-pohon-anggur", "Pohon-anggur", "pohon-anggur", "pohon-anggur-itu", "pokok-anggur", "seperti-pohon-anggur", "seperti-pokok-anggur"]·IT["come-il-vite", "il-vine", "il-vite", "la-vite", "un-vine", "vite"]·jav["anggur", "kados-anggur", "kados-wit-anggur", "wit-anggur"]·KO["그-포도나무-가", "그-포도나무가", "그-포도나무의", "포도-같이", "포도나무", "포도나무-가", "포도나무-같이", "포도나무가", "포도나무라", "포도나무여"]·PT["A-vide", "Videira", "a-vide", "a-videira", "a-videira-de", "como-a-videira", "como-vide", "vide", "videira", "videiras"]·RU["-виноградная-лоза", "Виноградная-лоза", "виноград", "виноградная-лоза", "виноградник", "виноградной-лозы", "виноградных-лоз", "как-лоза", "лозе"]·ES["La-vid", "como-la-vid", "como-vid", "la-vid", "vid", "vid-de", "vides"]·SW["Mzabibu", "kama-mzabibu", "mbele-yangu", "mzabibu"]·TR["asma", "asma'nın", "asma-", "asma-gibi", "asmanin", "asmayi", "ağacı"]·urd["انگور", "انگور-نے", "انگور-کی-بیل", "انگور-کی-بیل-کی", "انگور-کی-بیل-کی-طرح", "انگور-کی-طرح", "بیل", "بیلیں"]
Gen 40:9, Gen 40:10, Num 6:4, Num 20:5, Deut 8:8, Deut 32:32, Deut 32:32, Judg 9:12, Judg 9:13, Judg 13:14, 1 Kgs 4:25, 2 Kgs 4:39 (+38 more)
Related Senses
H3754 1. vineyard, cultivated grape plot (92×)H0730 1. cedar tree or wood (73×)H3293a 1. forest, wood, thicket (55×)H5560 1. fine flour (53×)H5193 1. plant vegetation (48×)H2232 1. sow seed, plant crops (41×)H1715 1. grain, cereal crop (40×)H7114b 1. reap, harvest grain (36×)H2132 1. olive tree (34×)H8184 1. barley (34×)H2406 1. wheat (grain crop) (30×)H7070 1. reed, cane (plant) (30×)H7848 1. acacia (28×)H8328 1. root of a plant (28×)H8384 1. fig tree (25×)H5488 1. reeds, rushes (in 'Sea of Reeds') (24×)G0290 1. a vineyard (23×)G2325 1. reap, harvest a crop (21×)G4687 1. sow seed, plant (21×)G0837 1. grow, increase (intransitive) (20×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† גֶּ֫פֶן n.f. Ju 9:13 + (m. only Ho 10:1, perhaps infl. of יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 K 4:39) vine (NH id., Arabic جَفْنٌ (Yemen), Assyrian gapnu, cf. ZehnpfundBAS i. 633; Aramaic גּוֹפַן, גֶּפֶן, ܓܦܶܬܳܐ, pl. ܓܘܽܦ̈ܢܶܐ )—ג׳ Gn 40:9 + 38 times (also cstr., as Nu 6:4 Dt 32:32 Is 16:8, 9), גָּ֑פֶן Ju 9:12 + 2 times; sf. גַּפְנִי Jo 1:7, גַּפְנְךָ Je 5:17, גַּפְנוֹ 1 K 5:5 + 3 times, גַּפְנָהּ Ho 2:14, גַּפְנָם…