בֵּן4870 H1121a
hijo, descendiente varón; miembro de una clase; designación de edad
Con casi 5.000 apariciones, la palabra hebrea para 'hijo' se extiende mucho más allá de la descendencia biológica. Si bien su significado primario es 'hijo varón', el hebreo emplea la expresión idiomática 'hijo de X' para indicar 'aquel que se caracteriza por X' o 'miembro de la categoría X' — así, 'hijos de los profetas' son discípulos proféticos, 'hijos de Belial' son personas despreciables e 'hijos de valor' son guerreros. La misma construcción con números expresa la edad: 'hijo de treinta años' significa 'de treinta años de edad'. Esta estructura fraseológica tan productiva revela cómo el hebreo piensa categóricamente a través de metáforas de parentesco.
Sentidos
1. hijo, descendiente varón — Descendencia masculina directa en sentido biológico o legal, con énfasis en la línea genealógica. Este sentido nuclear domina las genealogías, las narrativas de nacimiento y las promesas patriarcales. Las traducciones convergen uniformemente: español hijo, árabe اِبْن, hindi बेटा/पुत्र, confirmando la univocidad del parentesco directo. 3×
AR["ابنَ", "ابْنَ־", "ابْنُ", "ابْنُ-", "ابْنُ־", "ابْنِ", "اِبنَ-", "اِبْنَ", "اِبْنُ", "بْنُ", "بْنِ"]·ben["ছেলে", "পুত্র", "পুত্র-", "সন্তান"]·DE["Sohn-von", "Sohn-von-", "der-Sohn-", "des-Sohnes-", "ein-Sohn-", "war-ein-Sohn-von"]·EN["a-son-of", "son-of", "son-of-"]·FR["fils-de", "fils-de-", "un-fils-de"]·heb["בן", "בן-", "בני"]·HI["पुत्र", "पुत्र-", "बेटा-"]·ID["anak", "anak-", "berumur-", "usia"]·IT["figlio-di", "figlio-di-", "un-figlio-di"]·jav["putra", "putra-", "putranipun", "putranipun-", "sampun-", "yuswa-"]·KO["아들", "아들-", "아들-의", "아들-인", "아들이었다-"]·PT["filho-de", "filho-de-"]·RU["сын", "сын-", "сына", "сына-"]·ES["hijo-de", "hijo-de-"]·SW["alikuwa-na-miaka", "mwana", "mwana-", "mwana-wa", "mwana-wa-", "mwenye-miaka", "mwezi"]·TR["-den-", "oğlu", "oğlu-"]·urd["ابن", "بن", "بچّا", "بیٹا", "بیٹا-", "بیٹے", "سال"]
1. hijo (descendencia directa) — Descendencia masculina en sentido biológico o legal directo, incluidos los descendientes. Este significado nuclear de parentesco predomina en genealogías y narrativas. Las traducciones multilingües emplean uniformemente las palabras básicas para hijo varón: español hijo, árabe اِبْن, hindi बेटा/पुत्र, suajili mwana. 2950×
AR["ابنَ", "ابنِ", "ابْنَ־", "ابْنُ", "ابْنُ-", "ابْنُ־", "اِبْنَ", "اِبْنُ", "اِبْنُ-", "اِبْنِ-", "بْنَ", "بْنُ", "بْنِ"]·ben["ছেলে", "পুত্র", "পুত্র-", "সন্তান"]·DE["Sohn-von", "Sohn-von-", "der-Sohn-", "des-Sohnes-", "ein-Sohn-", "war-ein-Sohn-von"]·EN["a-son-of", "son-of", "son-of-"]·FR["fils-de", "fils-de-", "un-fils-de"]·heb["בן", "בן-", "בני"]·HI["का-बेटा", "पुत्र", "पुत्र-", "बेटा-", "बेटे-"]·ID["anak", "anak-", "berumur-"]·IT["figlio-di", "figlio-di-", "un-figlio-di"]·jav["putra", "putra-", "putranipun", "putranipun-", "sampun-", "yuswa-"]·KO["아들", "아들(접)-", "아들-", "아들-의", "아들-인", "아들이었다-"]·PT["filho-de", "filho-de-"]·RU["сын", "сын-", "сына", "сына-", "сыну-"]·ES["hijo-de", "hijo-de-"]·SW["alikuwa-na-miaka", "mwana", "mwana-", "mwana-wa", "mwenye-miaka", "mwezi"]·TR["oğlu", "oğlu-"]·urd["بن", "بن-", "بچّا", "بیٹا", "بیٹا-", "بیٹے", "بیٹے-"]
2. hijos, pueblo (colectivo) — Uso colectivo donde בֵּן/בְּנֵי designa a un pueblo, comunidad o grupo humano en sentido amplio. 'Hijos de Israel' equivale a 'los israelitas', 'hijos de los hombres' a 'la humanidad'. En este uso el término trasciende el parentesco individual para abarcar identidades nacionales, étnicas o comunitarias. 12×
AR["أَبْنَاءً", "البَنينَ", "الـ-بَنُونَ", "الْوَلَدَانِ", "بَنيكُم", "بَنينَ", "بَنُونَ", "بَنِينَ", "لِلبَنين", "وَ-لِ-بَني-نا", "وَ-لِبَنيهِ"]·ben["-সন্তানরা", "এবং-আমাদের-সন্তানদের", "এবং-তাঁর-সন্তানদের-জন্য", "ছেলেদের", "সন্তান", "সন্তানদের", "সন্তানরা-", "সন্তানেরা"]·DE["Kinder", "Kindern", "Soehne", "Söhne", "dein-Söhne", "die-Soehne", "die-Söhne", "und-unseren-Kindern", "und-zu-seine-Soehne"]·EN["The-children", "and-for-His-children", "and-to-our-children", "children", "the-children", "your-children"]·FR["dans-fils", "enfants", "et-son-fils-lui", "et-à-notre-enfants", "fils", "le-fils", "les-enfants", "les-fils"]·heb["בן", "בניכם", "בנים", "ה-בן", "ה-בנים", "ו-ל-בן-נו", "ו-ל-בניו"]·HI["और-पुत्रों-के-लिए", "और-हमारे-बच्चों-का-है", "तुम्हारे-पुत्रों", "पुत्र", "पुत्रों-की", "बच्चे", "बच्चों", "बच्चों-के", "बच्चों-ने"]·ID["Anak-anak", "anak-anak", "anak-anak-kamu", "dan-anak-anak-kami", "dan-untuk-anak-anaknya"]·IT["e-a-nostro-figli", "e-per-figlio-suo", "figli", "figlio", "i-figli", "il-figli"]·jav["Para-putra", "anak", "anak-anak-panjenengan-sedaya", "lan-kanggé-para-putra-kawula", "lan-kanggé-putra", "laré-laré", "para-putra", "putra", "putra-putra"]·KO["그-아들들-의", "그-아들들이", "그리고-그-의-자녀-들-에게", "그리고-우리-자녀들의", "너희-의-자녀들", "아들들", "아들들의", "아들을", "자녀들과", "자녀들을", "자녀들이다"]·PT["Os-filhos", "dos-filhos", "e-para-filhos-dele", "e-para-filhos-nossos", "filhos", "os-filhos", "vossos-filhos"]·RU["вашим", "детей", "и-детям-нашим", "и-для-сыновей-Его", "сыновей", "сыновья", "сыновьями", "сыны"]·ES["Los-hijos", "hijos", "los-hijos", "vuestros-hijos", "y-a-hijos-nuestros", "y-para-hijos-sus"]·SW["na-kwa-watoto-wake", "na-kwa-watoto-wetu", "watoto", "watoto-hao", "watoto-wenu"]·TR["cocuklar", "oğullarınızın", "ve-çocuklarımıza", "ve-çocuklarına-onun", "çocuklar", "çocukların"]·urd["اور-بچوں-ہمارے-کی", "اور-بیٹوں-اُس-کے-لیے", "بچوں", "بچوں-کی", "بچے", "بیٹے", "تمہارے-بچوں-پر"]
2. miembro de una clase — Expresión idiomática constructa 'hijo/hijos de X' que denota pertenencia a una clase o posesión de una cualidad, no filiación literal. 'Hijos de los profetas' son miembros del gremio, 'hijos de Belial' son malvados. El suajili cambia a watu wa ('gente de'), revelando la función categorial bajo la metáfora de parentesco. 1964×
AR["ابنُ-", "ابْنُ", "ابْنُ-", "ابْنُ־", "ابْنِ", "اِبنَ-", "اِبنُ-", "اِبْنُ", "اِبْنُ-", "بْنِ-"]·ben["পুত্র", "পুত্র-", "সন্তান"]·DE["Sohn", "Sohn-von", "Sohn-von-", "ein-Sohn-von"]·EN["a-son-of", "son-of", "son-of-"]·FR["fils", "fils-de", "fils-de-", "un-fils-de"]·heb["בן", "בן-", "בני"]·HI["का-बेटा", "पुत्र", "पुत्र-", "बछड़ा-", "बेटा", "बेटा-"]·ID["anak", "anak-", "berumur", "berumur-", "layak", "putra", "usia"]·IT["figlio", "figlio-di", "figlio-di-", "un-figlio-di"]·jav["anak-", "putra", "putra-", "umur-", "yuswa-"]·KO["아들", "아들(접)-", "아들-", "아들-의", "아들이", "아들이-"]·PT["filho-", "filho-de", "filho-de-"]·RU["сын", "сын-", "сына-"]·ES["de-hijo-de-", "era-hijo-de", "hijo-de", "hijo-de-"]·SW["alikuwa-mwenye-miaka", "mwana-", "mwana-wa", "mwana-wa-", "mwenye-miaka"]·TR["-den-", "ogul-", "oğlu", "oğlu-"]·urd["ابن", "بن", "بیٹا", "بیٹا-", "بیٹے", "سال"]
Exod 6:15, Exod 6:25, Exod 12:43, Exod 23:12, Exod 29:1, Exod 31:2, Exod 31:2, Exod 31:6, Exod 33:11, Exod 35:30, Exod 35:30, Exod 35:34 (+38 más)
3. cría de animales — Aplicación del término a las crías de animales: 'hijo de ganado' es un becerro, 'hijo de paloma' es un pichón. La metáfora de parentesco se extiende al reino animal, especialmente en contextos de sacrificio y legislación ritual. Español traduce cría, cachorro o pollo según la especie. 9×
AR["الْبَنِينَ", "بَنو-", "بَنُو-", "عِجْلَيْهِمَا", "وَ-بَنِي", "وَأَشْبالُ"]·ben["আর-বাছুর", "এবং-সন্তানরা", "তাদের-বাছুরদের", "বাচ্চাদের", "শাবকেরা-", "সন্তানদের", "সন্তানেরা"]·DE["Soehne-von", "der-jung", "die-Soehne", "ihr-calves", "und-Soehne-von"]·EN["and-cubs-of", "and-sons-of", "children-of-", "the-sons", "the-young", "their-calves", "young-of"]·FR["et-fils", "et-fils-de", "fils", "fils-de", "le-jeune", "les-fils", "leur-calves"]·heb["בני-", "בניהם", "ה-בנים", "ו-בני"]·HI["और-बच्चे", "और-बछड़े", "बच्चे", "बच्चे-", "बच्चों", "बच्चों-के", "बछड़ों-उनके", "सन्तान"]·ID["anak-anak", "anak-anak-itu", "anak-anaknya", "dan-anak-anak"]·IT["e-figli-di", "e-figlio", "figli-di", "figlio", "i-figli", "il-giovane", "loro-vitelli"]·jav["anak", "anak-saking", "anakipun", "lan-anak-", "lan-anak-anak", "para-putra", "putra-putraning-"]·KO["그-아들들의", "그들의-송아지들을", "그리고-새끼들이", "그리고-아들들을", "새끼들", "새끼들을", "새끼들이", "아들이-"]·PT["e-filhos-de", "e-filhotes-de", "filhos-de-", "filhotes-de-", "filhotes-delas", "os-filhos"]·RU["-детей", "-детьми", "и-детёныши", "и-телят", "сыновей", "сыновья-", "сыны-", "телят-их"]·ES["e-hijos-de", "hijos-de-", "los-hijos", "sus-crías", "y-hijos-de"]·SW["na-ndama-wa-", "na-watoto-wa", "ndama-wao", "watoto", "watoto-wa", "watoto-wa-"]·TR["kamaşacak", "ogullari-", "ve-yavruları", "ve-yavrusu", "yavrular", "yavruları", "yavruları-", "yavrularını"]·urd["اور-بچے", "بچوں", "بچوں-کے", "بچھوں-کو", "بچے", "بیٹے"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H0376 1. man, person, human male (2130×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
בֵּן4870 n.m. son (MI Ph. בן; so Sab. CISiv. No. 2, cf. בני DHMSem. Sprachforsch. 6; Arabic اِبْنٌ; Assyrian bin(u), LyonSargon 9, 1. 57; especially in bin-bin, grandson COTGloss., cf. Dl infr.; Aramaic בַּר, ܒܰܪ, pl. בְּנִין, ܒܢܺܝܢ; cf. Palm., especially VogNo. 21. 31. 36 a al.; possibly orig. connected with בנה build, so Thes, cf. Assyrian bânu, begetter (DlPr 104 & cf. BaZMG 1887, 638 ff.);…