H0819 H0819
Guilt or guiltiness before God; also concrete offenses or trespasses viewed as culpable deeds.
Derived from the root 'asham (to be guilty), this noun names both the condition of guilt and the acts that produce it. In the Levitical system, 'ashmah designates the liability incurred by trespass—the spiritual debt that demands a guilt offering (Lev 6:5-7). Ezra's anguished confession piles up the word: 'our guilt has grown up to the heavens' (Ezra 9:6). Spanish consistently renders it 'culpa,' French 'culpabilité,' capturing the weight of moral indebtedness before a holy God.
Senses
1. guilt, guiltiness — The state or condition of being guilty, the liability incurred through wrongdoing before God or the covenant community. Leviticus 4:3 and 6:5-7 embed this in sacrificial law, where guilt must be resolved through offering. Ezra 9:6-15 and 10:10-19 use it repeatedly for Israel's corporate guilt in mixed marriages. Spanish 'culpa' and French 'culpabilité' preserve the juridical weight. In 1 Chronicles 21:3, Joab warns David that the census will bring guilt upon all Israel—showing it as both personal and communal liability. 18×
AR["آثَامِنَا","إِثْمًا","الْإِثْمُ","بِ-إِثْمِ","بِ-ذُنُوبِنا","بِإِثْمِهِمْ","ذَنْبٍ","ذَنْبِ","ذَنْبِهِ","ذَنْبِهِمْ","في-ذَنْب","لِ-إثْمِ","لِ-إِثْمٍ","لِ-يَذْنَبَ","لِـ-ذَنْبِ","وَ-آثامي","وَ-بِ-ذَنْبِنا","وَ-ذَنْبُنا"]·ben["-অপরাধের-জন্য","অপরাধ","অপরাধ-কারণ","অপরাধের-জন্য","অপরাধের-দিব্যে","আমাদের-অপরাধের","আমাদের-দোষে","আর-আমাদের-দোষ","আর-আমাদের-দোষে","ও-আমার-পাপগুলো","তাদের-দোষের","তাদের-দোষের-কারণে","তার-দোষের","দোষ","দোষী-হতে","দোষে","দোষের"]·DE["Schuld","[אשמה]","[אשמת]","[אשמתינו]","[אשמתם]","[באשמה]","[באשמת]","[באשמתינו]","[באשמתם]","[ואשמתנו]","[ובאשמתנו]","[לאשמה]","[לאשמת]","fuer-Schuld-von","sein-Schuld","und-mein-guilt","zu-become-guilty"]·EN["and-for-our-guilt","and-my-guilt","and-our-guilt","by-the-guilt-of-","for-guilt","for-guilt-of","for-their-guilt","guilt","his-guilt","in-guilt","in-our-guilt","our-guilt","the-guilt","the-guilt-of","their-guilt","to-become-guilty"]·FR["culpabilité","et-culpabilité","pour-culpabilité-de","son-culpabilité","à-become-guilty"]·heb["אשמה","אשמת","אשמתו","אשמתינו-נו","אשמתם-ם","ב-אשמה","ב-אשמת","ב-אשמתינו-נו","ב-אשמתם-ם","ו-אשמותי","ו-אשמתנו-נו","ו-ב-אשמתנו-נו","ל-אשמה","ל-אשמת"]·HI["अपने-दोष-बलि-के","अपराध","अपराध-के-लिए","उनके-अपराध-में","और-हमारे-दोष-के-कारण","दोष","दोष-अपने","दोष-के-लिए","दोषी-हैं","में-अपराध","हमारे-अपराधों","हमारे-दोष-में"]·ID["dalam-kesalahan","dalam-kesalahan-kami","dan-dosa-kami","dan-karena-kesalahan-kami","dan-kesalahan-kesalahanku","karena-bersalah","karena-kesalahan-mereka","kesalahan","kesalahan-kesalahan-kami","kesalahan-mereka","kesalahannya","sebagai-kesalahan","sehingga-kesalahan","untuk-kesalahan"]·IT["[באשמת]","[ואשמותי]","a-become-guilty","colpa","e-colpa","per-colpa-di","suo-colpa"]·jav["amargi-kalepatanipun","dhateng-kalepatan","dosa","ing-dosa","ing-kalepatan","ing-kalepatan-kawula-sedaya","kalepatan","kalepatan-kita","kalepatanipun","kaluputan","kanggé-kalepatan-","kanggé-kaluputan","kanggé-lepat","lan-kaluputan-kawula-sedaya","lan-margi-kalepatan-kawula-sedaya","saha-dosa-kawula"]·KO["그-의-죄의","그들의-죄","그리고-나-의-죄-들-은","그리고-에-우리의-죄","그리고-우리의-죄가","속건","에-그들의-허물","에-우리의-죄들","에-죄","우리-의-죄","위하여-죄","죄-를-위하여","죄가","죄가-되는","죄를"]·PT["a-culpa-de","culpa","culpas-nossas","e-minhas-culpas","e-nossa-culpa","e-por-nossa-culpa","em-culpa","em-nossa-culpa","para-culpa","para-culpa-de","pela-culpa-de","por-sua-culpa","sua-culpa"]·RU["в-вине","в-вине-нашей","вина","винам-нашим","вине","виной","вину","вину-их","грехом","за-вину-их","и-вина-наша","и-вины-мои","и-из-за-вины-нашей","к-вине","повинности","повинности-его"]·ES["culpa","culpa-suya","culpas-nuestras","en-culpa","en-nuestras-culpas","la-culpa-de","para-culpa","para-culpa-de","para-hacerse-culpable","por-la-culpa-de","por-su-culpa","su-culpa","y-mis-culpas","y-nuestra-culpa","y-por-nuestra-culpa"]·SW["(s)","ashmah","hatia","hatia-yao","hatia-yetu","katika-hatia","katika-hatia-yetu","kwa-hatia","kwa-hatia-ya","kwa-hatia-yao","na-dhambi-zangu","na-hatia-yetu","na-kwa-hatia-yetu","ya-hatia-yake"]·TR["suc-islemisligimizde","suc-islemislikte","suclari","sucunu","suç","suç-","suç-olarak","suç-sunusu","suçlarımızın","suçlarında","suçlu-kılmak-için-","suçlu-olmak-için","suçu","suçu-üzerine","suçunu","ve-suc-islemisligimiz","ve-suc-islemisligimiz-icin","ve-suçlarım"]·urd["اور-قصور-ہمارا","اور-قصور-ہمارے-سبب","جرم","جرم-کے-اس","جرم-کے-لیے","قصور","قصور-اپنے","قصور-میں","قصور-کے-لیے","قصوروں-ہمارے-سبب","وَ-میرے-گناہ","گناہ","گناہ-اُن-کے","گناہ-کا-سبب","گناہ-کی","گناہ-کے-لیے","ہمارے-جرم"]
Lev 4:3, Lev 6:5, Lev 6:7, Lev 22:16, 1 Chr 21:3, 2 Chr 24:18, 2 Chr 28:13, 2 Chr 28:13, 2 Chr 28:13, 2 Chr 33:23, Ezra 9:6, Ezra 9:7 (+6 more)
2. offenses, guilty deeds — Concrete offenses or guilty deeds—the trespasses themselves rather than the abstract state of culpability. At 2 Chronicles 28:10, the Israelites are charged with 'offenses' (plural 'ashmot) against the Lord, pointing to specific acts of wrongdoing. Spanish 'culpas' (plural) and the shift to concrete enumeration distinguish this from the more abstract 'guiltiness' sense—here the focus falls on what was done, not merely on the resulting status before God. 1×
AR["آثَامٌ"]·ben["অপরাধ"]·DE["[אשמות]"]·EN["guilt"]·FR["culpabilité"]·heb["אשמות"]·HI["अपराध"]·ID["kesalahan-kesalahan"]·IT["colpa"]·jav["kalepatan"]·KO["죄들이"]·PT["culpas"]·RU["вины"]·ES["culpas"]·SW["makosa"]·TR["suçlar"]·urd["گناہ"]
Related Senses
H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)H2076 1. Qal: offer sacrifice (cultic) (116×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)G0040 1. the Holy One, Holy Spirit (98×)H2931 1. ritually or morally unclean (88×)G4336 1. pray to God (86×)H6944 3. holy things, sacred offerings (plural) (86×)H3722a 1. make ritual atonement (Piel) (85×)H6912 1. bury (Qal active) (82×)H6419 1. pray (Hitpael) (80×)H6944 4. holiness (with possessive pronoun) (77×)H6942 1. sanctify, consecrate (Piel factitive) (76×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† אַשְׁמָה n.f. wrong-doing, guiltiness (properly Inf. cf. אַהֲבָה, יִרְאָה)—א׳ Lv 22:16 + 5 times, cstr. אַשְׁמַת Ezr 10:10 + 3 times; sf. אַשְׁמָתוֹ Lv 5:24 + 6 times; pl. אֲשָׁמוֹת 2 Ch 28:10; sf. אַשְׁמוֹתַי ψ 69:6;— 1. doing wrong, committing a trespass or offence 2 Ch 24:18; 28:10, 13(×3) (‖ חטאת v 13) 33:23 Ezr 9:6, 7, 13, 15 (‖ עָוֹן v 13) ψ 69:6 (‖ אִוֶּלֶת); מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂת…