H0057 H0057
Mourning, grieving; an adjective describing one who laments, whether for the dead, for calamity, or for Zion.
A Hebrew adjective meaning 'mourning' or 'in a state of grief,' used both as a predicate and as a substantive ('a mourner'). Jacob declares he will go down to Sheol mourning for Joseph (Gen 37:35), Mordecai goes home mourning after Haman's promotion (Esth 6:12), and the psalmist walks about 'as one mourning for a friend' (Ps 35:14). Isaiah extends it to those who mourn for Zion (Isa 61:2–3), giving the word a prophetic-eschatological dimension. The Spanish 'los que lloran' (those who weep) and French 'en deuil' (in mourning) both capture the public, social character of this grief.
Senses
1. mourning, in a state of grief — In a state of mourning or grief—used as an adjective or substantive for one who grieves over death, calamity, or national loss. Jacob mourns for Joseph, refusing consolation (Gen 37:35); the psalmist walks bowed down 'like one mourning for a friend' (Ps 35:14); Job sat as chief among mourners (Job 29:25). Isaiah's usage expands the scope to eschatological mourning for Zion (Isa 57:18; 61:2–3), where God promises comfort to 'the mourners of Zion.' The French gloss 'en deuil' emphasizes the formal, public nature of this grief, while the Lamentations usage (1:4) extends it even to personified roads and gates. 8×
AR["-النَّائِحِينَ", "حَزِينَةٌ", "كَ-نائِحٍ-عَلى", "لِ-نَائِحِي", "نائِحًا", "نَائِحًا", "وَ-لِ-نَائِحِيهِ", "يُعَزّي"]·ben["-এবং-তার-শোকার্তদেরকে", "যেমন-শোকার্ত", "শোকগ্রস্ত", "শোকার্ত", "শোকার্তদের", "শোকার্তদের-জন্য"]·DE["[אבל]", "[אבלות]", "[אבלים]", "[ולאבליו]", "[לאבלי]", "trauernd", "wie-mourning-für"]·EN["and-to-his-mourners", "for-mourners-of", "like-mourning-for", "mourn", "mourners", "mourning"]·FR["[אבל]", "comme-en-deuil", "en-deuil", "et-en-deuil", "mourning", "אבלים"]·heb["אבל", "אבלות", "אבלים", "ו-ל-אבליו", "כ-אבל-", "ל-אבלי"]·HI["और-उसके-शोक-करनेवालोंको", "जैसे-शोक-करनेवाला", "शोक-करता-हुआ", "शोक-करने-वालों-के-लिए", "शोक-में-हैं", "शोकित", "शोकितों-को"]·ID["bagi-orang-orang-yang-berkabung", "berkabung", "dan-kepada-orang-orang-yang-berkabungnya", "orang-orang-yang-berkabung", "yang-berkabung"]·IT["[אבל]", "[כאבל]", "e-lutto", "lutto", "mourners", "mourning"]·jav["dhateng-ingkang-sedhih", "ingkang-sedhih", "kados-kapreluan-ing", "lan-dhateng-ingkang-sedhih", "prihatin", "sedhih", "tiyang-ingkang-susah"]·KO["그리고-그의-애도하는-자들에게", "슬퍼하는-자들을", "애곡하는-자-같이", "애통하네", "애통하는-자들을", "애통하며", "에-슬퍼하는-자들에게"]·PT["aos-enlutados-de", "como-quem-chora", "e-aos-enlutados-seus", "enlutado", "enlutados", "enlutam"]·RU["и-плачущим-его", "как-оплакивающий", "плачущим-", "плачущих", "скорбят", "скорбящий", "скорбящим", "скорбящих"]·ES["a-los-que-lloran", "a-los-que-lloran-de", "como-quien-llora", "enlutado", "están-de-luto", "los-que-lloran", "y-a-sus-enlutados"]·SW["akiomboleza", "kama-mwenye-kuomboleza", "kwa-waombolezaji-wa", "na-kwa-waombolezaji-wake", "nikiomboleza", "wanaomlilia-maiti", "wanaoomboleza", "zinaomboleza"]·TR["ve-yas-tutanlarina", "yas-tutan-gibi-", "yas-tutanlari", "yas-tutanlarina-", "yas-tutarak", "yaslı", "yaslıları"]·urd["اور-اُس-کے-غمگینوں-کو", "غمزدوں-کو", "غمگین", "غمگینوں-کو", "ماتم-سے", "ماتم-میں", "ماں-کے-ماتم-کی-طرح"]
Related Senses
H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)G4336 1. pray to God (86×)H6944 3. holy things, sacred offerings (plural) (86×)H3722a 1. make ritual atonement (Piel) (85×)H6912 1. bury (Qal active) (82×)H6419 1. pray (Hitpael) (80×)H6944 4. holiness (with possessive pronoun) (77×)H6942 1. sanctify, consecrate (Piel factitive) (76×)H2930a 1. Qal: be/become unclean (75×)H7819a 1. slaughter an animal (Qal active) (72×)H1486 1. lot (object cast for decisions) (71×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. אָבֵל adj. mourning—א׳ Gn 37:35 Est 6:12; cstr. אֲבֶל־ ψ 35:14; אֲבֵלִים Jb 29:25 Is 61:2 etc.;—for dead Gn 37:35 (cp. 50:11), calamity Est 6:12; fig. La 1:4 (pred., inanim. subj.), elsewhere as subst. mourner; sg. ψ 35:14 (cstr.) for dead (‖ קדר; pl. Jb 29:25 abs.; for calamity Is 57:18; 61:2, 3 (where mourners for Zion, or of Zion, v. Di).