τύπτω G5180
To strike or beat; to hit someone with the hand, fist, or instrument, either actively or as a passive victim.
Typtō is a basic verb of physical impact — to strike, hit, or beat. In the New Testament it appears in scenes of violence and abuse: the mocking soldiers striking Jesus on the head (Matt 27:30; Mark 15:19), the servant beating his fellow servants (Matt 24:49; Luke 12:45), and Jesus' teaching about turning the other cheek when struck (Luke 6:29). Paul invokes it when the high priest orders him struck (Acts 23:2–3), and it appears figuratively in Paul's conscience metaphor about wounding a weaker brother (1 Cor 8:12). The translations are strikingly consistent: Spanish 'golpear,' German 'schlagen,' French 'frapper' — all core vocabulary for hitting.
Senses
1. strike, beat (active) — To strike or beat someone physically, encompassing blows with fists, rods, or open hands. This active sense covers the full range of New Testament usage: the abuse of Jesus during his trial (Matt 27:30; Mark 15:19), the command to turn the other cheek (Luke 6:29), the wicked servant who beats others (Matt 24:49; Luke 12:45), and Paul's metaphorical extension to wounding a weak conscience (1 Cor 8:12). Multilingual evidence is highly convergent — Spanish 'golpear,' German 'schlagen,' French 'frapper' — all denoting direct physical impact. 13×
AR["أَنْ-يَضْرِبُوا", "تَجْرَحونَ", "سَيَضْرِبُكَ", "ضَرَبوا", "ضَرَبُوهُ", "ضَرْبِ", "كَانُوا-يَضْرِبُونَ", "يَضرِبُ", "يَضْرِبونَ", "يَضْرِبُ"]·ben["τύπτοντες-বুক-চাপড়াতে", "আঘাত-করছিল", "আঘাত-করিতে", "আঘাত-করে", "আঘাত-করে-যে", "তারা-মারতে-লাগল", "মারছিল", "মারছিলেন", "মারতে"]·DE["schlagen", "schlägt"]·EN["To-strike", "beating", "striking", "they-were-striking", "to-beat", "to-strike", "was-beating", "were-beating", "were-striking"]·FR["frapper", "tyran"]·heb["הִכָּה", "הִכּ-וּ", "הִכּוּ", "לְהַכּוֹת", "מַכִּים", "מַכֶּה", "פּוֹגְעִים"]·HI["पीटता-था", "पीटते-हुए", "पीटना", "मारते-थे", "मारते-हुए", "मारना", "मारने", "मारने-से", "मारनेवाले-को"]·ID["Memukul", "melukai", "memukul"]·IT["colpire", "tiranno"]·jav["Nggebug", "gebug", "nabuh", "napuk", "nggebagi", "nggebug", "nggebugi", "nggebuki", "nglarani", "njeblos", "sami-nempuh", "sami-nggebug"]·KO["그들이-때렸다", "때렸다", "때리기를", "때리는-사람에게", "때리다", "때리며", "쳤다", "치기를", "치라고", "치며"]·PT["batiam", "de-espancar", "ferindo"]·RU["Бить", "бил", "били", "бить", "бия", "бьющему", "ударяли", "ударяющие"]·ES["Golpear", "a-golpear", "de-golpear", "golpeaba", "golpeaban", "golpeando", "golpear", "golpeándose", "que-te-golpea"]·SW["-", "Kukupiga", "alijipiga", "anayekupiga", "kumpiga", "kuwapiga", "mkizipiga", "walibatilika", "walimpiga"]·TR["döverek", "dövmeye", "dövüyordu", "dövüyorlardı", "vurana", "vurarak", "vurmak", "vuruyorlardı"]·urd["زخمی-کرتے-ہوئے", "مارا", "مارتے-تھے", "مارنا", "مارنے-سے", "مارنے-کو-ہے", "پر", "پیٹتا-تھا", "پیٹتے-ہوئے", "پیٹنا"]
Matt 24:49, Matt 27:30, Mark 15:19, Luke 6:29, Luke 12:45, Luke 18:13, Luke 22:64, Luke 23:48, Acts 18:17, Acts 21:32, Acts 23:2, Acts 23:3 (+1 more)
2. be struck (passive) — To be struck or beaten, the passive counterpart appearing at Acts 23:3 where Paul says to the high priest, 'God is going to strike you, you whitewashed wall!' — responding to having just been struck on the mouth. The passive voice foregrounds the victim's experience of the blow. Translation evidence (Spanish 'ser golpeado,' English 'to be struck') mirrors the active sense vocabulary but with passive morphology, confirming this is the same physical action viewed from the recipient's perspective. 1×
AR["أَنْ-أُضْرَبَ"]·ben["মারিতে"]·DE["schlägt"]·EN["to-be-struck"]·FR["tyran"]·heb["לְהִכּוֹת"]·HI["मारने?"]·ID["dipukul?"]·IT["tiranno"]·jav["dipun-gebug?"]·KO["치라고"]·RU["бить"]·ES["ser-golpeado"]·SW["kupigwa"]·TR["vurulmasını"]·urd["مارنا"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
τύπτω, Refs 8th c.BC+: future τύψω Refs 4th c.AD+aorist 1 ἔτυψα, Epic dialect τύψα, Refs 8th c.BC+, but rare in Trag. and Attic dialect, as Refs 5th c.BC+: Attic dialect future τυπτήσω Refs 5th c.BC+aorist 1 ἐτύπτησα first in Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 2 ἔτῠπον Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect participle τετυπόντες Refs 3rd c.BC+perfect τέτῠφα only in Refs 2nd c.AD+:— middle, Refs 7th c.BC+: aorist 1…