τίς G5101
Interrogative pronoun: what, which, who, whom, why; rarely indefinite 'someone, something.'
The Greek interrogative pronoun τίς is the New Testament's all-purpose question word, covering persons ('who?'), things ('what?'), and reasons ('why?'). Its flexibility comes from Greek's case system — the same root word shifts meaning with prepositions and grammatical context. When Jesus asks τί μεριμνᾶτε ('why are you anxious?', Matt 6:28), the accusative neuter functions causally. Spanish carefully distinguishes 'quién' (who) from 'qué' (what) and 'por qué' (why), revealing three distinct semantic slots that Greek bundles into one versatile pronoun. A handful of occurrences shade into indefinite meaning — 'someone' or 'anything' — blurring the line between question and assertion.
Senses
1. what / which (interrogative, things) — Interrogative pronoun asking about the identity, nature, or selection of a thing, event, or concept: 'what?', 'which?', 'what kind?' This is the most frequent use (327 occurrences). Jesus asks τί ποιήσει ὁ κύριος ('what will the master do?') and τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ ('what do you think?'). Spanish 'qué' and German 'was' consistently render this thing-oriented interrogation, while French 'qui' sometimes conflates person and thing senses. 327×
AR["-", "فَ-أَيَّ", "ما", "ماذا", "مَا", "مَاذَا", "هُوَ"]·ben["কি", "কী", "কীসে", "কেন"]·DE["was"]·EN["-", "what"]·FR["qui"]·heb["-", "בְּמָה", "מַה", "מָה"]·HI["किस-से", "क्यअ", "क्या", "क्योन"]·ID["-", "Apa", "apa"]·IT["che-cosa?"]·jav["menapa", "menapa,", "punapa"]·KO["-를", "무엇", "무엇을", "무엇이"]·PT["o-que", "que"]·RU["-", "во-что", "чего", "что"]·ES["qué"]·SW["kwa-nini", "kwa-nini,", "nini"]·TR["ne", "neden", "neyle"]·urd["کس", "کیا", "کیوں"]
2. who (interrogative, persons) — Interrogative pronoun asking about the identity of a person: 'who?', 'whom?', 'whose?' (170 occurrences). In Matt 3:7, τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν — 'who warned you to flee?' Spanish 'quién' and German 'wer' clearly mark the person-directed question, a distinction the Greek form carries through case inflection rather than a separate lexeme. 170×
AR["أَيُّ", "مَن", "مَنْ"]·ben["কারা", "কে", "তাহলে-কে"]·DE["was", "wer"]·EN["What", "Who", "Whom", "which", "who", "whom"]·FR["qui"]·heb["מִי"]·HI["किस-ने", "कौन"]·ID["Siapa", "Siapakah", "siapa", "siapakah"]·IT["che-cosa?", "chi?"]·jav["Sapa", "Sinten", "sapa", "sinten"]·KO["누가", "누구", "누구-이냐", "누구냐", "누구라고", "누구이냐", "누구인가"]·PT["Qual", "Quem", "quem"]·RU["Кем", "Кто", "кем", "кто"]·ES["Quién", "cuál", "quién", "¿Quién", "¿quiénes"]·SW["Nani", "Ni-nani", "basi", "kati-ya", "nani", "ni", "ni-nani", "wewe"]·TR["Kim", "hangisi", "kim", "kimler"]·urd["کس-نے", "کون"]
Matt 3:7, Matt 6:27, Matt 7:9, Matt 10:11, Matt 12:11, Matt 12:48, Matt 12:48, Matt 16:13, Matt 16:15, Matt 18:1, Matt 19:25, Matt 21:10 (+38 more)
3. why (interrogative, causal) — Causal interrogative meaning 'why?', 'for what reason?', 'to what purpose?' (69 occurrences), typically appearing as τί or διὰ τί in prepositional phrases. In Matt 8:26, Jesus asks the disciples τί δειλοί ἐστε — 'why are you fearful?' Spanish splits this into 'por qué' (cause) and 'para qué' (purpose), revealing a distinction that the Greek leaves ambiguous. Found frequently in Jesus' rebukes and challenges. 69×
AR["لِماذا", "لِمَاذَا"]·ben["কেন"]·DE["was"]·EN["Why", "why"]·FR["qui"]·heb["אָמַר", "לָמָּה", "מַדּוּעַ", "מַה", "מָה"]·HI["क्यों", "क्योन"]·ID["Mengapa", "mengapa"]·IT["che-cosa?"]·jav["Apa", "Kados-pundi", "Kenging-menapa", "Kenging-punapa", "Kénging-punapa", "Punapa", "Punapa-sebabipun", "apa", "kanggé-menapa", "kenging-punapa"]·KO["무엇을", "어찌하여", "왜"]·PT["Por-que", "por-que"]·RU["Зачем", "Почему", "Что", "зачем", "что"]·ES["Por-qué", "para-qué", "por-qué", "por‒qué"]·SW["Kwa-nini", "basi", "hapa", "kwa-nini", "mimi"]·TR["Ne", "Neden", "Niçin", "neden"]·urd["کیوں"]
Matt 6:28, Matt 7:3, Matt 8:26, Matt 16:8, Matt 17:10, Matt 19:7, Matt 19:17, Matt 20:6, Matt 22:18, Matt 26:10, Mark 2:7, Mark 2:8 (+38 more)
4. someone or something (indefinite) — Rare indefinite pronoun meaning 'someone,' 'something,' 'anything,' 'a certain one' (4 occurrences). In Mark 4:22, οὐ γάρ ἐστίν τι κρυπτόν — 'for there is not anything hidden.' Spanish '(algo)' and 'alguno' and French 'quoi' capture the shift from interrogative to indefinite force. This usage is more common in classical Greek but surfaces occasionally in the New Testament when context removes the question-mark expectation. 4×
AR["أَحَدٌ", "بَعْضُ", "شَيْءٌ", "شَيْئًا"]·ben["কতক", "কিছু", "কেউ", "〈কিছু〉"]·DE["was"]·EN["anything", "certain", "one", "something"]·FR["qui", "quoi"]·heb["אִישׁ", "דָּבָר", "מִקְצָת", "מַה"]·HI["कुछ", "कोई", "छिपा"]·ID["Beberapa", "seseorang,", "sesuatu"]·IT["che-cosa?", "chi"]·jav["apa", "punapa-punapa", "sawetawis", "sinten"]·KO["〈무엇이〉", "누군가", "무엇인가를", "어떤"]·PT["algo", "alguém,"]·RU["надеется", "некоторые", "что", "что-либо"]·ES["(algo)", "alguno", "algunos", "qué"]·SW["kitu", "kitu-", "mtu", "wengine"]·TR["(bir-şey)", "bazı", "biri", "ne"]·urd["بعض", "کوئی", "کچھ"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)H2009 1. presentative particle: behold, look (881×)H0589 1. I (first person singular pronoun) (874×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
τίς __B Interrog. pronoun τίς, Elean and Laconian dialect τίρ (which see), τί:—genitive Epic dialect and Ionic dialect τέο Refs 8th c.BC+; Trag. and Attic dialect τοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect, Trag., and Attic dialect τίνος Refs 5th c.BC+; dative Ionic dialect τέῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; no dative in Refs 8th c.BC+; Trag. and Attic dialect τῷ Refs 5th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect τίῳ Refs 7th c.BC+; τίνι…