Interrogative Pronouns

מָה rarely מָה־ (e.g. Gn 31:43; Jos 22:16; Ju 8:1), מַה־, מַה·, מֶה, מַ· (†Ex 4:2; Is 3:15; Mal 1:13; 1 Ch 15:13; 2 Ch 30:3), מָ (only in מָהֵם †Ez 8:6 Kt., Qr. מָה הֵם)—on the distinction in the use of these forms, see Ges§ 37—pron. interrog. and indef. what? how? aught; used of things, as מִי of persons (Aramaic ܡܳܐ, מָא, Arabic مَا; prob. apoc. from a longer form with n or nt, Assyrian minû (DlHWB 417 f.), Ethiopic ምንት: ment; cf. WCG 123 ff. Köii. 368):— 1. interrog. what? a. in a direct question, before either verbs or nouns Gn 4:10 מֶה עשׂית what hast thou done? 15:2 מה־תתן־לי what wilt thou give me? Ex 3:13 מַה־שְּׁמוֹ, 12:26; 13:14 and so very often: מַה־הִיא Zc 5:6; מה אלה Zc 1:9; מָה אַתָּה רֹאֶה Je 1:11; Am 7:8 +; Jl 4:14 מה אתם לי; Ju 18:8 מה אתם vid. Comm., v 24 מה לי עוד what have I still? Is 21:11 מה־מלילה what (= how much) of the night (is past)? = as what? (qualem?) Hg 2:3 (cf. מִי Am 7:2); to express surprise, Jb 9:12 who shall say to him, מה תעשׂה what doest thou? 22:13 Ec 8:4; Is 45:9, 10; sq. כִּי, Gn 20:10 מה ראית כי עשׂית what hadst thou in view, that thou hast done, etc.? 31:36 Ex 16:7 וְנַחְנוּ מָה כִּי and what are we, that …? 32:21 Nu 22:28; Hb 2:18, etc. Note in partic.—(a) מָה is followed sometimes by a subst. in appos. (against Arabic usage, which does not permit this: WAG. ii. § 170), so that it becomes virtually an adj.: מַה־בֶּצַע what profit …? Gn 37:26 ψ 30:10 Mal 3:14; Is 40:18 מַה־דְּמוּת, Mal 1:13 ψ 89:48 זְכָר־אֲנִי מֶה חָ֑לֶד (inverted for מַה חֶלֶד אָ֑נִי) remember (of) what (short) duration I am, Ec 1:3; 5:10, 15; 6:8, 11 (Da § 8, R. 2 Köiii. 23 f.); as exclam., ψ 89:48b (?) Jb 26:14. And with the subst. idiom. at the end (in Arabic preceded then by مِنْ: WAG. ii. § 49. 7), 1 S 26:18 ומַה־בידי רעה and what is there in my hand, evil? 20:10 (vid. 3), 2 S 19:29; 24:13; 1 K 12:16; Je 2:5 מה־מצאו אבותיכם בי עָוֶל, Ec 11:2 Est 6:3. (b) מַה־זֶּה what, now? 1 S 10:11, contr. מַזֶּה †Ex 4:2 (זֶה 4 c); Gn 3:13 מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂיתָ; 12:18; 29:25 מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂיתָה לִּי; similarly 26:10; 42:28 +, either what, now, hast thou done? or what is this that thou hast done? (vid. זֶה 4 d). (c) מַה־לְּךָ what to thee? i.e. what aileth thee? or what dost thou want? Gn 21:17 מַה־לָּךְ הָגָר; Jos 15:18; 2 S 14:5; 1 K 1:16; 2 K 6:28; Ez 18:2 (accents); sq. כִּי, Ju 18:23 מה־לך כי נזעקת, Gn 20:9 (cf. 1 S 11:5 מה לעם כי יבכו), Is 22:1 מַה־לָּךְ כִּי עָלִית (cf. τί παθὼν τοῦτο ποιεῖς;), ψ 114:5; without כִּי Is 3:15 (cf. Qor 57:8, 10); with a ptcp., Jon 1:6 what is it to thee as a sleeper? (accus.: Da § 70a cites Qor 74:50), Ez 18:2 (if אתם be treated as strengthening לכם). (d) מַה־לְּךָ (לִי) פֹה = what hast thou (have I) here? Ju 18:3; 1 K 19:9; Is 22:16; 52:5. (e) in the genit., Jer 8:9 וְחָכְמַת־מֶה לָהֶם, and wisdom of what (= what kind of wisdom) is theirs? Nu 23:3 (v. infr. 3). b. often in an indirect question, as after ראה, Gn 2:19 to see מה־יקרא־לו what he would call it, 37:20 וְנִרְאֶה מה־יהיו חלֹמֹתיו to what his dreams will come, Nu 13:19f.; Hb 2:1; הִכִּיר Gn 31:32; ידע 39:8; Ex 2:4 לדעת מה־יֵּעָשֶׂה לו, 16:15; 32:1; Jb 34:4; שׁמע Nu 9:8 וְאשׁמעה מה־יצוה י׳ (cf. ψ 85:9), 2 S 17:5; פֹּרַשׁ Nu 15:34; שׁאל 1 K 3:5; 2 K 2:9; הֵבִין Jb 6:24; 23:5: Nu 13:18 וראיתם את הארץ מה היא, ψ 39:5 Is 41:22 הראשׁנות מָה הֵנָּה הַגִּידוּ.—In some such cases it approximates in meaning to the simple rel., as Jer 7:17; 33:24; Mi 6:5, 8; Jb 34:33. c. = of what kind? (Germ. was für ein …?), with an insinuation of blame, or reproach, or contempt: Gn 37:10 מה החלום הזה what is this dream which thou hast dreamt? 44:15 Jos 22:16 Ju 8:1; 15:11; 20:12 1 S 29:3 מָה הָעִבְרִים האלה, 1 K 9:13 מה הערים האלה אשׁר נתתה לי, 2 K 9:22; 18:19. d. מה is often used in questions to which the answer little, or nothing, is expected, and it thus becomes equivalent to a rhetorical negative (cf. הֲ b, מִי f c): (a) Gn 23:15 land worth 400 shekels ��, מה היא what is it? (i.e. it is something quite insignificant), 27:37 Ju 8:3 ומה־יכלתי עשׂות ככם, 14:18 Ho 9:5; 10:3 ψ 30:10; 56:5; Jb 15:9; 16:6; 21:21; 22:13, 17; La 2:13; Ct 5:9 מַה־דּוֹדֵךְ מִדּוֹד what is thy beloved (more) than a(nother) beloved? ‖ לא, 1 K 12:16 מַה־לָּנוּ חֵלֶק בְּדָוִד וְלֹא־נַחֲלָה בְּבֶן יִשַׁי (2 S 20:1 אֵין־לָנוּ חֵלֶק וג׳), Jb 16:6. (b) sq. כִּי (כִּי 1 f), Gn 20:9; 37:26 מַה־בֶּצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit (is it) that we should slay him? Ex 16:7 Nu 16:11 Hb 2:18 2 K 8:13 what is thy servant, the dog, that he should do, etc.? and often in poetry, as ψ 8:5 מָה אנושׁ כי תזכרנו what is man that thou rememberest him? Jb 6:11 מַה־כֹּחִי כִּי אֲיַחֵל, v 11b; 7:17; 15:12f, 14; 16:3; 21:15 + (cf. מִי f b). Hence, (c) in the formula of repudiation, or emphatic denial, (וְלָכֶם) מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ what is there (common) to me and to thee? i.e. what have I to do with thee? †Ju 11:12; 2 S 16:10 מה לי ולכם, 19:23; 1 K 17:18; 2 K 3:13; 2 Ch 35:21; cf. Jos 22:24; 2 K 9:18, 19; rather differently, without וְ, †Je 2:18 מה לך לדרך מ׳ what is there to thee with reference to the way to Egypt? Ho 14:9 מַה־לּוֹ לַעֲצַבִּים, cf. ψ 50:16 (לְסַפֵּר); with את, †Je 23:28 מַה־לַתֶּבֶן אֶת־הַבָּר beside (or in comparison with) the wheat? cf. τί ἐμοὶ (ἡμῖν) καὶ σοί; Mt 8:29 Mk 5:7 Jn 2:4; and Arabic مَا لِى وَلَهُ e. = whatsoever (cf. מִי g): (a) Ju 9:48 מה אתם ראיתם עשׂיתי מהרו עשׂו כמוני, lit. what do you see (that) I have done? hasten, and do like me (= whatever ye see, etc.), 2 S 21:4 מה אתם אמרים אעשׂה לכם, Jb 6:24; with the apod. introd. by וְ, 1 S 20:4 מה תאמר נפשׁך ואעשׂה לך; Est 5:3 מַה־ בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ … וְיִנָּתֵן לָךְ, v 6; 7:2; 9:12; hence in the late and strange idiom of Ch., it sinks twice almost to the rel. what, 1 Ch 15:13 כי לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֹנָה לא אתם because ye were not (employed) for what was at first (on the former occasion), J etc., 2 Ch 30:3 לְמַדַּי according to what was sufficient (= in sufficient numbers), cf. Est 9:26. (b) מַה־שֶּׁ- (late: frequently in Mishn., etc.), whatever, what (cf. מִי אֲשֶׁר, מִי g end): †Ec 1:9 מַה־שֶּׁהָיָה הוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה, lit. what is that which hath been? it is that which shall be (= whatever hath been, it is that which shall be), v 9 3:15, 22; 6:10; 7:24; 8:7; 10:14. 2. Used adverbially: a. as an interrogative: (a) how? especially in expressing what is regarded as an impossibility, Gn 44:16 מַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק how shall we justify ourselves? Nu 23:8(×2) 1 S 10:27 מַה־יּשִׁעֵנוּ זֶה, 2 K 4:43; Jb 9:2; 25:4(×2) 31:1 I made a covenant with my eyes, וּמָה אֶתְבּוֹנֵן עַל ב׳ and how should I look upon a maid? (𝔊 οὐ, 𝔙 non), Pr 20:24 וְאָדָם מַה־יָּבִין דַּרְכּוֹ; in an indirect question, Ex 10:26; ψ 39:5 אֵֽדְעָה מֶה־חָדֵל אָ֑נִי; מַה־זֶּה how, now? (in surprise), Gn 27:20 מַה־זֶּה מִהַרְתָּ לִמְצֹא בְּנִי, Ju 18:24; 1 K 21:5; 2 K 1:5. (b) why? Ex 14:15 מַה תִּצְעַק אֵלַי, 17:2(×2) 2 K 6:33; 7:3 ψ 42:6 מַה־תִּשְׁתּוֹחֲחִי עלי, Jb 15:12 +; Ct 8:4 I adjure you מַה־תָּעִירוּ וּמַה־תְּעוֹרֲרוּ, why will ye stir up, etc.? (i.e. do not: ‖ אִם 2:7; 3:5).—The transition from the interrog. to the neg., to which in Heb. there is an approx. (especially 1 K 12:16 [cf. 2 S 20:1] Jb 6:5; 31:1; Ct 5:8; 8:4), is in Arabic complete, مَا being there used constantly in the sense of not (cf. WalkerHbr. xii. 244 ff.; Köiii. 478). b. as an exclam., how …! with adjectives and verbs, Gn 28:17 מַה־נּוֹרָא הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה how dreadful is this place! 38:29 Nu 24:5 מַה־טֹּבוּ אֹהָלֶיךָ, Is 52:7 ψ 3:2 מה רבו, 8:2 מה אדיר, 21:2; 36:8, etc., Ct 4:10(×2); 7:2; ironically, 2 S 6:20; Je 2:33, 36; Jb 26:2, 3. 3. Indef. pron. anything, aught, Nu 23:3 וּדְבַר־מַה־יַּרְאֵנִי וְהִגַּדְתִּי ל��֑ךְ and he will shew me the matter of aught, and I will tell thee (= if he shew me … I will, etc., Dr§ 149), 1 S 19:3 וְרָאִיתִי מָה וִהִגַּדְתִּי לָ֑ךְ = and if I see aught, I will, etc., 20:10 אוֹ מַה־יַּעַנְךָ אָבִיךָ קָשָׁה if perchance thy father shall answer thee aught that is harsh (order, 1 a a), 2 S 18:22 וִיהִי־מָה אָרוּצָה־נָּא but let there happen what may (lit. aught), I will run, v 23 (cf. Jb 13:13 וְיַעֲבֹר עָלַי מָה), v 29 וְלֹא יָדַעְתִּי מָה (cf. Pr 9:13), Pr 25:8. Cf. Köiii. § 65. 4. With preps.: a. בַּמָּה9, בַּמֶּה19 wherein? Ex 22:26; Ju 16:5; 1 S 14:38 (indirect question; We בְּמִי); and so according to the various senses of בְּ: whereby? Gn 15:8; Ex 33:16; Mal 1:2, 6, 7; 2:17; 3:7–8; wherewith? 1 S 6:2 2 S 21:3 Mi 6:6; by what means? Ju 16:5 וּבַמֶּה נוּכַל לוֹ; at what (worth)? Is 2:22; for what? 2 Ch 7:21 (‖ 1 K 9:8 על־מה). b. יַעַן מֶה †Hg 1:9 because of what? †c. כַּמָּה, כַּמֶּה, proposes the like of what? (Arabic كَمْ, Syriac ܟܡܳܐ ); hence (a) how much? how many? כַּמָּה יְמֵי וגו׳ Gn 47:8; 2 S 19:35; ψ 119:84 Jb 13:23; עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים 1 K 22:16 (= 2 Ch 18:15); כַּמָּה how often? Jb 21:17 (i.e. how seldom!); in an indirect question, how much? Zc 2:6(×2). As an exclamation, Zc 7:3 as I have done זֶה כַמֶּה שָׁנִים now (זֶה 4 i), how many years! ψ 78:40 כַּמָּה how often! (b) for how long? ψ 35:17 כמה תראה, Jb 7:19. d. לָ֫מָּה, לָמָ֫ה (לָמָ֫ה mostly before the gutturals א, ה, ע, and י׳ [i.e. אֲדֹנָי], but twice besides, ψ 42:10; 43:2; לָ֫מָּה also occurs before gutt., in five places noted by Mas. on ψ 43:2, viz. 1 S 28:15; 2 S 2:22; 14:31; ψ 49:6 Je 15:18, and before ח †Gn 4:6; 2 S 14:13; 24:3; Ec 2:15), לָ֫מָה †Jb 7:20, לָ֫מֶה †1 S 1:8(×3), for what reason? why? Gn 4:6 למה חרה לך why art thou angry? 24:31, etc.; often strengthened by זֶה (זֶה 4 e), Gn 18:13; 32:30 (= Ju 13:18) למה זה תשׁאל לשׁמי, 33:15; Ex 2:20; 5:22; 17:3, etc., Je 6:20; 20:18 +; Gn 25:22 אם כן למה־זה אנכי if so, why, then, am I? (why do I continue to live?); = to what purpose (sq. לִ pers.), Gn 27:46 למה לי חיים, Is 1:11; Je 6:20 Am 5:18 למה זה לכם יום י׳, Jb 30:2; in an indirect question, 1 S 6:3 Dn 10:20. Note especially (a) in expostulations, Gn 12:18 למה לא הגדת לי why didst thou not tell me, etc.? v 19; 29:25; 31:27; 42:1; 43:6; 1 S 21:15; 22:13; 24:10; ψ 22:2; 44:24, 25; 74:1, 11 + often; (b) with an impf., often deprecating, or introducing rhetorically, the reason why something should, or should not, be done, why should …? 1 S 19:5, 17; 20:8 but to thy father (emph.) למה זה תביאני, why shouldst thou bring me? 20:32 למה יומת מה עשׂה why should he be put to death? 2 S 13:26; 16:9; 20:19; 2 K 14:10, etc.: in such cases, it approximates in meaning to lest (cf. Ph. CIS i. 2, 21 לָםָ יסגרינם אלנם ne tradant eos dii), and is in 𝔊 often rendered by μήποτε, as Gn 27:45 למה אשׁכל why should I be bereaved, etc.? Ex 32:12 למה יאמרו מצרים Ne 6:3 ψ 79:10; 115:2; Ec 7:16, μή, Jer 40:15, ἵνα μή, Gn 47:19; 2 S 2:22; 2 Ch 25:16; Ec 5:5; 7:17, or ὅπως μή, Jo 2:17 (in 1 S 19:17; 2 S 13:26, paraph. by εἰ μή); and, connected with the foreg. sentence by אשׁר, or שֶׁ, in late, or dial., Heb. it actually has that meaning, Dn 1:10 אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה יִרְאֶה lest he see, Ct 1:7 שַׁלָּמָ֫ה אֶהְיֶה lest I become (so in Aramaic דִּי לְמָה Ezr 7:23, דִּילְמָא 𝔗, Syriac ܕܰܠܡܳܐ, both regularly = lest). e. עַד־מָה (ψ 4:3 עַד־מֶה) until when? how long? †Nu 24:22 (aposiop.), ψ 4:3; 79:5; 89:47; in indirect qu., ψ 74:9 (cf. עד אנה, עד מתי). f. עַל־מָה, and עַל־מֶה, upon what? Jb 38:6; 2 Ch 32:10; upon what ground? wherefore? Nu 22:32 עַל־מָה הִכִּיתָ אֶת־אֲתֹנְךָ, Dt 29:23 (cf. 1 K 9:8; Je 22:8), Is 1:5; Je 8:14; 9:11; 16:10; Ez 21:12; ψ 10:13 Jb 13:14 (probably dittogr. from v 13); על־מה־זה Ne 2:4. In an indirect question, Jb 10:2 הוֹדִיעֻנִי עַל מַה־תְּרִיבֻנִי, Est 4:5 לָדַעַת מַה־זֶּה וְעַל־מַה־זֶּה.

ἵνα, adverb, __I of Place, __I.1 in that place, there, once in Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.2 elsewhere relative, in which place, where,Refs 8th c.BC+: rarely in Attic dialect Prose, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἵ. ἡ Νίκη (i.e. ἐστίν) Refs 8th c.BC+ [same place]; ἵν᾽ ἄν with subjunctive, wherever, Refs 5th c.BC+; as indirect interrogative, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2.b after Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔμαθε ἵ. ἦν κακοῦ in what a calamity, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἵν᾽ ἕσταμεν χρείαςRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.2.c with Verbs of motion, whither, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II of circumstance, γάμος.., ἵ. χρή at which, when, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἵ. μὲν ἐξῆν αὐτοῖς.., ἐνταῦθα.. when it was in their power, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 ={ἐάν}, uncertain in Refs 8th c.BC+ __B Final conjunction, that, in order that, from Refs 8th c.BC+ downwards, mostly first word in the clause, but sometimes preceded by an emphatic word, Refs 8th c.BC+ or κε (if found, these particles belong to the Verb, as in Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I general usage: __B.I.1 with subjunctive, __B.I.1.a after primary tenses of indicative, also subjunctive and imperative: present indicative, Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect indicative, Refs 8th c.BC+: future, Refs 8th c.BC+; subjunctive, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.1.b after historical tenses, in similes, where the aorist is gnomic, Refs 8th c.BC+; where aorist is treated as equivalent to perfect, Refs 8th c.BC+: when the purpose is regarded from the point of view of the speaker's present, σὲ παῖδα ποιεύμην ἵ. μοι.. λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.1.c after optative and ἄν, when optative with οὐκ ἄν is used with sense of imperative, Refs 8th c.BC+; after βουλοίμην ἄν.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.1.d after imperfect with ἄν, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.I.2 with optative, __B.I.2.a after historical tenses, Refs 8th c.BC+: after the historical present, Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes both moods, subjunctive and optative, follow in consecutive clauses, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.2.b after optative, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.2.c rarely after primary tenses, by a shifting of the point of view, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.3 with past tenses of indicative, __B.I.3.a after unfulfilled wishes, Refs __B.I.3.b after indicative with ἄν, to express a consequence which has not followed or cannot follow, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.3.c after such Verbs as ἐχρῆν, ἔδει, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀντὶ τοῦ κοσμεῖν (={δέον κοσμεῖν}).. ἵ... Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.I.3.d after present indicative in general statements (including the past), οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι ἔχει ἡ ὕλη, ἱ. ἀγαθοῦ ταύτῃ μετεῖχεν Refs 3rd c.AD+ __B.I.4 ἵ. μή as the negative of ἵνα, that not, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II special usages: __B.II.1 like{ὅπως}, after Verbs of command and entreaty, is common only in later Gr. (butNT+8th c.BC+; also for ὥστε, LXX+1st c.AD+ __B.II.2 because, ἵ. ἀναγνῶ ἐτιμήθην I was honoured because I read, Refs 2nd c.AD+; not found in literature. __B.II.3 elliptical usages, __B.II.3.a where the purpose of the utterance is stated, Ζεὺς ἔσθ᾽, ἵν᾽ εἰδῇς 'tis Zeus,— [I tell thee this] that thou may'st know it, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἵ. δῶμεν.. granted that.. , Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.II.3.b in commands, introducing a principal sentence, ἵ. συντάξῃς order him.., Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἵ. λαλήσῃς Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἵ. ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ LXX+NT+5th c.BC+ __B.II.3.c ἵ. τί (i.e. γένηται); to what end? either absolutely or as a question, Refs 5th c.BC+; or with a Verb following, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἵ. δὴ τ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.3.d in indignant exclamations, to think that.. ! Σωκράτης ἵ. πάθῃ ταῦτα Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.III in later Gr. with indicative, LXX+NT

τίς __B Interrog. pronoun τίς, Elean and Laconian dialect τίρ (which see), τί:—genitive Epic dialect and Ionic dialect τέο Refs 8th c.BC+; Trag. and Attic dialect τοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect, Trag., and Attic dialect τίνος Refs 5th c.BC+; dative Ionic dialect τέῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; no dative in Refs 8th c.BC+; Trag. and Attic dialect τῷ Refs 5th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect τίῳ Refs 7th c.BC+; τίνι first in NT+8th c.BC+; genitive Epic dialect τέων Refs 8th c.BC+, and as monosyllable Refs; Trag. and Attic dialect τίνων Refs 5th c.BC+; dative τίσι first in Refs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialect τέοισι Refs 5th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect τίοισι Refs 7th c.BC+; Boeotian dialect τά Refs 5th c.BC+; Megarian dialect σά Refs 5th c.BC+: of the plural Refs 8th c.BC+ with genitive τέω; ποῖος (what? which?) is sometimes preferred (especially in neuter plural) to the adjective τίς, e.g. τὰ ποῖα ταῦτα χρήματ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I in direct questions, who? which? neuter what? which? ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστ; Refs 8th c.BC+; τίς ἀχώ, τίς ὀδμὰ προσέπτα μ᾽ ἀφεγγή; Refs 4th c.BC+; properly at the beginning of the sentence; but this position may be varied, __B.I.a for grammatical reasons, as between the Article and participle or noun, τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἀποκαλοῦσι; Refs 5th c.BC+; τῆς περὶ τί πειθοῦς ἡ ῥητορική ἐστιν τέχν; Refs; ὁ σοφιστὴς τῶν τί σοφῶν ἐστι; Refs __B.I.b for emphasis, ἃ δ᾽ ἐννέπεις, κλύουσα τοῦ λέγει; Refs 5th c.BC+; πόλις τε ἀφισταμένη τίς πω.. τούτῳ ἐπεχείρησ; Refs 5th c.BC+; especially when the Verb begins the sentence, δράσεις δὲ δὴ τ; Refs 5th c.BC+; ἦλθες δὲ κατὰ τ; Refs 5th c.BC+; διαφέρει δὲ τ; Refs 8th c.BC+; and of things or conditions, τί is frequently with the genitive singular, of all genders, πρὸς τί χρεία; Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐλπίδων ἐς τ; Refs __B.I.2 sometimes as the predicate, τίς ὀνομάζετα; what is he named? Refs 5th c.BC+; so also may be explained the union of τίς with a demonstrative or possessive pronoun, or with a Noun preceded by the Article, τί τοῦτ᾽ ἔλεξα; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί ἐστι τουτ; τίς ὁ τρόπος τοῦ τάγματο; Refs; also with pronoun in plural, τί ταῦτ; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί γὰρ τάδ᾽ ἐστί; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί ποτ᾽ ἐστίν, ἂ διανοούμεθ; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί ποτ᾽ ἐστὶ ταῦταRefs; so τί is used as predicate of a masculine or feminine subject, τί νιν προσείπ; Refs 4th c.BC+; τί σοι φαίνεται ὁ νεανίσκο; Refs 5th c.BC+ —also τίς δ᾽ ὅδε Ναυσικάᾳ ἕπεται; who is this that follows N.? Refs 8th c.BC+; τίς δ᾽ οὗτος ἔρχεα; Refs 8th c.BC+; and in the reverse order, τήνδε τίνα λεύσσω..; who is this I see? Refs 5th c.BC+; τίνι οὖν τοιούτῳ φίλους ἂν θηρῴη; with what means of such kind.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+; τί τοσοῦτον νομίζοντες ἠδικῆσθα; Refs; τί με τὸ δεινὸν ἐργάσ; what is the dreadful thing which.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+; τίν᾽ ὄψιν σὴν προσδέρκομα; what face is this I see of thine? Refs 5th c.BC+; παρὰ τίνας τοὺς ὑμᾶ; who are 'you' to whom [I am to come]? Refs 5th c.BC+ —the _Article_ is exceptionally added to τίς, when it leads up to a word which requires the Article, ληφθήσει.. Πανήμου εἰκάδι· καὶ Λῴου τῇ--τίν; τῇ δεκάτῃ on the twentieth of the month Panemus and of Loüs on the --what day? the tenth, Refs 3rd c.BC+ —in Comedy texts also τὸ τί; what is that? Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ τίνος χάρι; Refs 2nd c.BC+; and with plural Article, τὰ τ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.3 with properly names treated as appellatives (see. τις indefinite Refs 5th c.BC+; τίς σε Θηρικλῆς ποτε ἔτευξ; Refs 4th c.BC+; τίς.. Χίμαιρα πύρπνοο; Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.I.4 τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοί; like{πῶς ἄν}, would that some one.. , Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.5 a question with τίς often amounts to a strong negation, τῶν δ᾽ ἄλλων τίς κεν οὐνόματ᾽ εἴπο; Refs 8th c.BC+; τίς ἂν ἐξεύροι ποτ᾽ ἄμεινο; Refs 5th c.BC+; τίνες ἂν δικαιότερον.. μισοῖντ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.6 sometimes two questions are asked in one clause by different cases of τί; ἡ τίσιν τί ἀποδιδοῦσα τέχνη δικαιοσύνη ἂν καλοῖτ; Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.7 τίς with Particles:—τίς γά; why who? who possibly? τίς γάρ σε θεῶν.. ἧκε; Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.7.b τίς δ; ὦ κοῦραι, τίς δ᾽ ὔμμιν.. πωλεῖτα; Refs __B.I.7.c τίς δ; who then? τίς δή κεν βροτὸς.. ἅζοιτ᾽ ἀθανάτους Refs 6th c.BC+; τίς δῆτ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.7.d τίς ποτ; who in the world? who ever? τίς ποτ᾽ ὢν γενεὰν καὶ ποίαν τινὰ φύσιν ἔχω; Refs 5th c.BC+; τίς δήποτ; Refs __B.I.8 the usages of the neuter τ; are very various: __B.I.8.a τ; alone, as a simple question, what? τί γά; Refs 4th c.BC+:—on ὅτι τ; ὅτι τί δ; ὅτι δὴ τ; see at {ὅτι} Refs 5th c.BC+; on ὡς τ; see {ὡς} F.1. __B.I.8.b τί τοῦτ; τί ταῦτ; see above 2. __B.I.8.c τί μο; τί σο; what is it to me? to thee? Refs 5th c.BC+; with genitive, τί μοι ἔριδος καὶ ἀρωγῆ; what have I to do with.. ? Refs 8th c.BC+; τί δέ σοι ταῦτ; Refs 5th c.BC+ (where the answerer repeats the question in indirect form, ὅ τί μοι τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι;); ἀλλὰ δὴ τί τοῦτ᾽ ἐμο; Refs 4th c.BC+; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σο; what have I to do with thee? LXX+2nd c.AD+; τί σοὶ καὶ εἰρήν; LXX; τί πρὸσσ; NT+2nd c.AD+; σοὶ δὲ καὶ τούτοισι τοῖσι πρήγμασι τί ἐστ; what have you to do with these matters? Refs 5th c.BC+; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάν; Refs 4th c.BC+; or with infinitive, τί γάρ μοι τοὺς ἔξω κρίνει; NT __B.I.8.d τίμαθώ; τί παθώ; see at {μανθάνω} see, πάσχω Refs __B.I.8.e τ; also often stands absolutely as adverb how? why? wherefore? Refs 8th c.BC+; so too in Attic dialect, Refs 5th c.BC+; δόμων γὰρ ζῶσι τῶνδε δεσπόται. Answ. τί ζῶσι; how do you mean ζῶσι ζῶσι forsooth! Refs 5th c.BC+; Κιθαιρὼν--Answ. τί Κιθαιρώ; what aboutK.? Refs; compare τίη. __B.I.8.f τί with Particles: -τί γά; why not? how else? and so it came to mean of course, no doubt, Refs 4th c.BC+; used in affirmative answers, Refs 5th c.BC+; to introduce an argument, Refs 4th c.BC+ —τί δαί; see at {δαί}:—τί δ; serving to pass on quickly to a fresh point, Refs 5th c.BC+; τί δέ, εἰ..; but what, if.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+; τί δ᾽ ἄν, εἰ..; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί δ᾽ ἢν..; Refs; τί δέ, εἰ μὴ..; what else but.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+; so τί δὲ δ; τί δ; τί δή ποτ; why ever? why in the world? what do you mean? Refs 5th c.BC+ —so also τί δῆτα; how, pray? τί δῆτ᾽ ἄν, εἰ..; Refs 5th c.BC+ — (τί μή; falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+ —τί μήν; i.e. yes certainly, much like{τί γάρ}; Refs 5th c.BC+ —τί μὴν οὔ; in reply to a question, Refs —τί νυ; why now? Refs 8th c.BC+ —τί δ᾽ οὔ; parenthetic, why not? as an affirmative answer, Refs 5th c.BC+; τί οὐ καλοῦμε; i.e. let us call, Refs 5th c.BC+; τί οὐ βαδίζομε; etc., Refs 5th c.BC+ —τί οὖν; how so? making an objection, Refs 4th c.BC+; τί οὖν οὐκ ἐρωτᾷ; Refs 5th c.BC+ —τί ποτε; see at {τίπτε}; __B.I.8.g with Conjunctions following:—τί ὅτι..; why is it that.. ? NT+5th c.BC+; see at {ἵνα} Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.8.h with Preps.:—διὰ τ; wherefore? Refs 5th c.BC+ —ἐκ τίνος; from what cause? Refs 5th c.BC+ —ἐς τί; to what point? how long? Refs 8th c.BC+; but also, to what end? Refs 5th c.BC+ —κατὰ τί; for what purpose? Refs 5th c.BC+ —πρὸς τί; wherefore? Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II τίς is sometimes used for ὅστις in indirect questions, εἰρώτα δὴ ἔπειτα τίς εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἔλθοι Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in later Gr., where ὅστις is very rare, εἰς τὸ λογιστήριον γράφων.. τί ὀφείλεται Refs 3rd c.BC+; οὐθεὶς ἐσήμηνεν παρὰ τί ἂν τοῖς προστεταγμένοις.. οὐ κατηκολούθησαν nobody indicated why they should not have obeyed orders, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ὅστις and τίς are sometimes combined, ὡς πύθοιθ᾽ ὅ τι δρῶν ἢ τί φωνῶν ῥυσαίμην Refs 5th c.BC+ —later with infinitive, τί πράττειν οὐκ ἔχω I do not know what to do, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.b sometimes not in indirect questions, whoever, whatever, αἰτοῦ τί χρῄζεις ἕν Refs 5th c.BC+; ταῦτα οὐκ ἀπέστελλον πάντα, ἀλλ᾽ ἐκλεγόμενοι τίνων αἱ τιμαὶ ἐπετέταντο whatever things had risen in price, Refs 4th c.BC+; τίνα δ᾽ ἁ Κύπρις οὐκ ἐφίλησεν whomsoever K. has not loved, Refs 3rd c.BC+; τίνι ἡ τύχη δίδωσι, λαβέτω Antiochusap.Refs 3rd c.BC+, see aboveRefs 4th c.BC+; τίς σοφός, αὐτῷ προσκολλήθητι LXX+NT; τίς σοφίῃ πάντων πρῶτος, τούτου τρίποδ᾽ αὐδῶ Oracle texts cited in Refs 1st c.BC+ Cobet from Refs 5th c.BC+; in other places, as Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.c τίς ={ὅστις} after a negative, μή τίς ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνὴ.., τίνος ἡ διάνοια ἐξέκλινεν κτλ.; LXX __B.II.d = {ὅς} or ὅσπερ, τέων.. Ζεὺς ἐπὶ σαλπίγγων ἱρὰ βοῇ δέχεται Κᾶρες ὁμοῦ Λελέγεσσι Refs 3rd c.BC+, compare 5.2,8; τίνας ἱερεωσύνας εἶχον ἐπενεγύων Refs 2nd c.BC+; τίνα με ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι, οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ NT; τίς ἔζησεν ἔτη β who lived.., Refs; εὗρον γεωργόν, τίς αὐτὰ ἑλκύσῃ Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.II.2 τί; τ; in direct or indirect questions may be construed with a participle, σὺ δὲ τίς ὢν ταῦτα λέγει; being who, i.e. who are you that.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+; καταμεμάθηκας.. τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἀποκαλοῦσ; Refs 5th c.BC+; νῦν δ᾽ ἐπειδὴ τίνος τέχνης ἐπιστήμων ἐστί, τίνα ἂν καλοῦντες αὐτὸν ὀρθῶς καλοῖμε; Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III = {πότερος}; NT+5th c.BC+ __B.IV τί as exclamatory adverb, how.. ! τί ὡραιώθησαν σιαγόνες σου ὡς τρυγόνες LXX; τί θέλω how I wish! NT; τί στενή variant in NT __C Prosody: τις and τίς keep ῐ in all cases (digamma operates in Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.II τί was never elided; but hiatus is allowed after τί in Epic dialect τί ἢ (see. τίη), also in Comedy texts, as τί ο; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί οὖ; Refs; τί ἔστ; Refs; τί, ὦ πάτε; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί οὖ; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί εἶπα; Refs

מַדּוּעַ61 and (Ez 18, 19) מַדֻּעַ adv. wherefore? (prob. contr. from מַה־יָּדוּעַ what being known? i.e. from what motive? so Ges Ew§ 325 c Ol§ 222 f, cf. in Gk. τί μαθών;)—wherefore? on what account? Gn 26:27 מַדּוּעַ בָּאתֶם אֵלָ֑י, 40:7 Ex 1:18; 2:18; 3:3 (in an indirect question), 5:14; 18:14 Lv 10:17 Jos 17:14 (all in Hex), Ju 5:28(×28) 2 S 3:7; 11:10 etc., Is 5:4; 50:2; 63:2 (all in Is.); in Jer. 16 times, often rhetorically, after a double question introduced by הֲ … אִם, expressing affected surprise: †2:14 (v. Gf) is Israel a slave (unable to defend himself)? wherefore, then, is he become a prey? (some other cause must therefore be found for Israel’s misfortune), v 31; 8:5, 19, 22; 14:19; 22:28; 49:1, cf. 30:6; Jb 3:12; 18:3 (never in ψ).

† מָה (מָא †Ezr 6:8) pron. interr. and indef. what? (BH מָה; Nab. מה; Zinj. מ; 𝔗 מא; Syriac ܡܳܐ; Arabic مَا: cf. WCG 124 f.);— 1. what? Dn 4:32 מה עבדת. 2. whatever, what (cf. BH 1 b end) Dn 2:22 ידע מה בחשׁוכא knoweth what is in darkness, Ezr 6:9: so מָה דִּי (cf. דִּי 1 b: so Nab.; Palm. מא די, מדי, Lzb306 Cooke320, 332) Dn 2:28, 29(×2), 45; Ezr 6:8 למא די תעבדון with regard to what ye shall do, 7:18 (= whatsoever). 3. with prefixes: a. כְּמָה how! Dn 3:33(×2). b. לְמָה why? (cf. BH לָמָּה) Ezr 4:22 be not slack herein: why should damage grow, etc., virtually = lest damage grow (𝔊 μή ποτε), 7:23 די למה להוא קצף for why should there be wrath? = lest [𝔊 μή ποτε] there be wrath (cf. 𝔗 דִּילְמָא, Syriac ܕܰܠܡܳܐ lest: and v. מָה 4 d b, p. 554a). c. על־מה wherefore? Dn 2:15.

Transliteration of Hebrew מָה 'what?' [H4100]. Not in LSJ.

† מָה (מָא †Ezr 6:8) pron. interr. and indef. what? (BH מָה; Nab. מה; Zinj. מ; 𝔗 מא; Syriac ܡܳܐ; Arabic مَا: cf. WCG 124 f.);— 1. what? Dn 4:32 מה עבדת. 2. whatever, what (cf. BH 1 b end) Dn 2:22 ידע מה בחשׁוכא knoweth what is in darkness, Ezr 6:9: so מָה דִּי (cf. דִּי 1 b: so Nab.; Palm. מא די, מדי, Lzb306 Cooke320, 332) Dn 2:28, 29(×2), 45; Ezr 6:8 למא די תעבדון with regard to what ye shall do, 7:18 (= whatsoever). 3. with prefixes: a. כְּמָה how! Dn 3:33(×2). b. לְמָה why? (cf. BH לָמָּה) Ezr 4:22 be not slack herein: why should damage grow, etc., virtually = lest damage grow (𝔊 μή ποτε), 7:23 די למה להוא קצף for why should there be wrath? = lest [𝔊 μή ποτε] there be wrath (cf. 𝔗 דִּילְמָא, Syriac ܕܰܠܡܳܐ lest: and v. מָה 4 d b, p. 554a). c. על־מה wherefore? Dn 2:15.

† II. מָן in Ex 16:15 (with reference to the manna) וַיֹּאמְרוּ אִישׁ אֶל־אָחִיו מָן הוּא כִּי לֹא יָֽדְעוּ מַה־הוּא, most prob. ‘what is it?’ the question being intended as a popular etym. of מָן ‘manna,’ based upon the late Aramaic ܡܳܢ What? (man is ‘Who?’ in Arabic, Aramaic (מַן, ܡܰܢ), Mand. (מאן), Ethiopic, ‘What?’ in these dialects being مَا, מָה, ܡܳܐ, מָא (Ethiopic ment); מָן in the sense of ‘What?’ must correspond to the later Syriac ܡܳܢ, contr. from ܡܳܐ ܕܶܝܢ, 𝔗 מָדֵין: Nö§ 68 WSG 125).