τᾰλαιπωρ-ία G5004
misery, wretchedness, distress
This noun describes hard labor, hardship, or the resulting misery and wretchedness. Romans 3:16 quotes Isaiah, noting that destruction and misery mark the paths of the wicked. James 5:1 commands the rich to weep and wail for the miseries coming upon them in judgment. The term conveys the wretchedness that comes from sin and oppression.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Denotes misery, wretchedness, or distress, often resulting from hard labor, oppression, or divine judgment. The multilingual glosses (Spanish 'miseria/miserias,' French 'misère,' German 'Elend') emphasize the wretchedness. Paul uses this in Rom 3:16 (citing Isaiah) to characterize the trail of destruction left by the wicked, while James employs it to pronounce coming judgment on oppressive wealthy landowners (5:1), showing misery as both consequence and judgment for unrighteousness. 2×
AR["شَقاءٌ", "شَقاواتِكُم"]·ben["ক্লেশ", "দুর্দশায়"]·DE["Elend"]·EN["miseries", "misery"]·FR["Elend", "misère"]·heb["אֻמְלָלוּת", "צָרוֹת"]·HI["दुख", "विपत्तियों-पर"]·ID["kesengsaraan", "kesengsaraan-kesengsaraan"]·IT["talaipōriais", "tribolazione"]·jav["kasangsaran"]·KO["불행", "비참함들-에-대해"]·PT["miséria"]·RU["бедствие", "бедствиях"]·ES["miseria", "miserias"]·SW["taabu"]·TR["sefalet", "sefaletleriniz"]·urd["بدحالی", "مصیبتوں"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
τᾰλαιπωρ-ία, Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, hard labour, Refs 5th c.BC+; also simply, regular use, exercise, τῆς χειρός Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 hardship, distress, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῇ τοῦ σώματος τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις τ. Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἡ περὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα τ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 bodily suffering or pain, caused by disease, Refs 5th c.BC+