σχίσ-μα G4978
A tear, rent (in fabric); a division, split, or schism (among people)
The noun schisma, from which English derives 'schism,' names a splitting or tearing apart, applied both to material objects and to human communities. Jesus uses the concrete image of a tear in cloth to warn against patching an old garment with unshrunk fabric (Matt 9:16; Mark 2:21), since the new patch pulls away and the schisma becomes worse. John's Gospel deploys the word three times for divisions of opinion among the Jewish crowd and leaders over Jesus' identity (John 7:43; 9:16; 10:19). Paul then elevates the term to its most theologically charged register, urging the Corinthians that there be 'no divisions' among them (1 Cor 1:10) and lamenting the schismata visible at their communal meals (1 Cor 11:18).
Senses
1. division — A division, split, or schism among people — disagreement that fractures a community into opposing factions. This is the dominant New Testament sense, appearing six times. In John 7:43, 9:16, and 10:19 it describes the crowd splitting over Jesus: some believed, others rejected him. Paul addresses the Corinthian church twice with this word: in 1 Cor 1:10 he pleads that they be 'perfectly united' with 'no divisions' among them, and in 1 Cor 11:18 he has heard there are schismata when they assemble. Spanish 'division/divisiones,' French 'schisme/division,' and German 'Spaltung' all consistently render the social fracture, and the clustering of this sense in John and 1 Corinthians reveals its role as a key term in New Testament ecclesiology and Christological controversy. 6×
AR["انشِقاقاتٍ", "انشِقاقٌ", "انقِسام", "انْشِقاقاتٌ", "اِنْقِسَامٌ"]·ben["বিভেদ", "বিভেদ,"]·DE["Spaltung"]·EN["A-division", "a-division", "division", "divisions"]·FR["division", "schisme"]·heb["מַחְלֹקֶת", "מַחְלֹקוֹת", "מַחֲלֹקֶת", "פִּלּוּגִים"]·HI["फूट"]·ID["Perpecahan", "perpecahan"]·IT["divisione"]·jav["Padudon", "padudon", "perpecahan", "perpecahan,"]·KO["분열들", "분열이", "분쟁이"]·PT["Divisão", "divisão", "divisões"]·RU["Разделение", "разделение", "разделения"]·ES["División", "divisiones", "división"]·SW["Mgawanyiko", "mafarakano", "mafarakano,", "mfarakano", "mgawanyiko"]·TR["Bölünme", "bölünme", "bölünmeler", "içinde-"]·urd["تفرقہ", "تفرقے", "پھوٹ"]
2. tear — A tear or rent in fabric — the literal, physical sense of a split in material. Jesus warns in the twin parables of Matt 9:16 and Mark 2:21 that sewing unshrunk cloth onto an old garment causes the new patch to pull away, making the tear worse. English 'tear,' Spanish 'rotura,' and the German transliteration 'schisma' all point to the concrete textile image. Though only two occurrences attest this sense in the NT, the parable is foundational: it provides the tangible, visible metaphor from which the abstract 'schism among people' naturally extends. 2×
AR["خَرقٌ", "شَقٌّ"]·ben["ছেঁড়া"]·DE["Spaltung", "σχίσμα"]·EN["a-tear", "tear"]·FR["division"]·heb["קֶרַע"]·HI["फटना"]·ID["robekan", "sobekan"]·IT["divisione"]·jav["suwek", "suwèk"]·KO["찢어짐", "찢어짐이"]·PT["rasgo"]·RU["дыра", "разрыв"]·ES["rotura"]·SW["mraruko", "mwanya"]·TR["yırtık"]·urd["پھٹ", "چاک"]
Related Senses
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G3956 1. all (collective plural) (616×)H3967 1. cardinal numeral hundred (550×)H1419a 1. great, large (general quality) (486×)H7969 1. cardinal number three (431×)H0505 1. cardinal number thousand (427×)H7651 1. seven (cardinal number) (393×)G1520 1. cardinal number one (339×)H6240 1. ten (cardinal number) (334×)H6242 1. twenty (cardinal number) (315×)H2568 1. cardinal number five (309×)H0702 1. four (cardinal number) (277×)G3956 2. every, each (distributive) (227×)H8337 1. six (cardinal number) (215×)G3956 3. all things, everything (substantive) (211×)G3956 4. (187×)H6235 1. ten (177×)G3173 1. great in size or extent (176×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
σχίσ-μα, ατος, τό, cleft, division, as of hoofs, Refs 4th c.BC+; of leaves, Refs; rent in a garment, NT __II division of opinion, Ev Jo.Refs __III the vulva, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV name of an ὀρχηστικὸν σχῆμα, Refs 5th c.AD+ __V ploughing, Refs 6th c.AD+