συντρίβω G4937
To break, crush, shatter; to bruise — of physical objects destroyed or persons oppressed and broken
The verb syntribo conveys the forceful breaking or crushing of something, whether a physical object, a human body, or a person's spirit. It ranges from the shattering of pottery in Rev 2:27 and the breaking of an alabaster jar of perfume in Mark 14:3 to the spiritual liberation of the brokenhearted in Luke 4:18, where Jesus reads from Isaiah in the Nazareth synagogue. Paul's promise that 'the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet' (Rom 16:20) draws on the Genesis 3:15 protoevangelium, giving this common physical verb an eschatological weight that resonates across the whole biblical narrative.
Senses
1. be broken, be crushed (passive/resultative) — To be broken, crushed, or shattered in a passive or resultative sense, describing the state of something already broken or the experience of being crushed. Matt 12:20 quotes Isaiah 42:3: 'a bruised reed he will not break,' where the participle syntetrimmenon describes something already damaged. Mark 5:4 tells of chains that had been 'smashed' by the Gerasene demoniac. Luke 4:18 extends the image to human brokenness: Jesus is sent 'to set free the crushed' (tous tethrausmenous, with syntribo in some textual traditions). John 19:36 preserves the Passover command that no bone shall be broken. Rev 2:27 pictures iron-rod rule under which pottery vessels 'are shattered.' Spanish shifts between 'quebrada' (bruised), 'destrozados' (shattered), and 'quebrantados' (crushed), tracking the passive-resultative framing across different referents. 5×
AR["تُحَطَّمُ", "حَطَّمَ", "مَرضُوضَةً", "مُنكَسِري", "يُكْسَرُ"]·ben["চূর্ণ", "চূর্ণ-হয়", "ভঙ্গ-হৃদয়দের", "ভেঙে-ফেলা-হত", "ভেঙ্গে-দেওয়া-হবে"]·DE["zerbrechen", "zerbricht"]·EN["are-shattered", "broken", "bruised", "to-have-been-smashed", "will-be-broken"]·FR["briser"]·heb["יִשָּׁבְרוּ", "נִשְׁבְּרֵי", "נִשְׁבְּרוּ", "רָצוּץ", "תִּשָׁבֵר"]·HI["कुचले-हुए", "टूटे-हुओं-को", "तोड़ी-जाएगी", "तोड़े-जाते-हैं;", "नहीं"]·ID["akan-dipatahkan", "dihancurkan", "dihancurkan;", "hancur", "remuk"]·IT["spezzare", "suntribetai"]·jav["badhé-dipunremuk", "badhé-kapugel", "diremuk,", "ingkang-remuk"]·KO["부서져왔다,", "부서지지-않을-것이다", "부서진다", "상한", "상한-자들-을"]·PT["será-quebrado", "serão-quebrados", "terem-sido-quebrados,"]·RU["надломленную", "сокрушались", "сокрушатся;", "сокрушится", "сокрушённых"]·ES["haber-sido-destrozados", "quebrada", "quebrantados", "será-quebrado", "son-quebrados"]·SW["alivunjavunja,", "hautavunjwa", "uliopondeka", "vinavyovunjwa;", "waliovunjika"]·TR["berelenmiş", "kırık-olanları", "kırılacak", "kırılırlar", "parçalanmıştı,"]·urd["توڑ-دیا-گیا-تھا", "توڑی جائے گی", "ٹوٹے-ہوئے", "ٹوڑے-جاتے-ہیں", "کچلا-ہوا"]
2. break, crush, shatter (active) — To break, crush, or shatter something by active physical force — the agent-focused, transitive sense. In Mark 14:3 a woman breaks an alabaster flask to pour ointment on Jesus' head, an intimate act of worship through deliberate destruction. Luke 9:39 describes a demon seizing and convulsing a boy, 'shattering' or bruising him. Romans 16:20 lifts the verb to cosmic scale: 'the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet shortly,' echoing the serpent-crushing promise of Gen 3:15. Spanish distinguishes the active voice clearly — 'habiendo quebrado' (having broken), 'destrozandolo' (shattering him), 'aplastara' (will crush) — while French maintains 'briser' for both voices. 3×
AR["سَيَسْحَقُ", "كَاسِرَةً", "مُحَطِّماً"]·ben["চূর্ণ-করবেন", "চূর্ণ-করে", "ভেঙে"]·DE["zerbrechen", "zerbricht"]·EN["breaking", "shattering", "will-crush"]·FR["briser"]·heb["יְרַצֵּץ", "מְמַטְטֵם", "שָׁבְרָה"]·HI["कुचल-देगा", "तोड़कर", "तोड़ती-हुई"]·ID["akan-meremukkan", "memecahkan", "menghancurkan"]·IT["spezzare"]·jav["badhé-ngremuk", "mecah", "ngrusak"]·KO["깨뜨려", "부수시리라", "상하게-하며"]·PT["esmagará", "o-quebrando", "quebrando"]·RU["под-", "разбив", "сокрушая"]·ES["aplastará", "destrozándolo", "habiendo-quebrado"]·SW["akimvunja", "akivunja", "atamponda"]·TR["ezecek", "kırarak"]·urd["توڑ-کر", "توڑتی-ہوئی", "کچلے-گا"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
συντρίβω [ῑ] rub together, σ. τὰ πυρεῖα rub dry sticks together to procure a light, Refs 2nd c.AD+; grind, φάρμακα (for paints) Refs 1st c.AD+; κολλύριον Refs __II shatter, shiver to atoms, τοὺς χόας Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. [τὰς ναῦς] stave them in, by running them aground, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ δόρατα, τὴν ἀσπίδα, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ποτήρια Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, συντρῐβέντων τῶν σκευῶν, of a ship,…