σῦκον G4810
Fig; the fruit of the fig tree, used literally and as a metaphor for the correspondence between nature and character.
The common Greek word for the fruit of the fig tree (syke). Figs were a dietary staple in the ancient Mediterranean and carried proverbial significance. Jesus uses figs in sayings about discerning true character from visible fruit: 'Do you gather figs from thorns?' (Matt 7:16; Luke 6:44). Mark 11:13 narrates the cursing of the barren fig tree, where Jesus sought figs and found none. James 3:12 asks whether a fig tree can produce olives or a grapevine figs, illustrating the impossibility of mixed moral output from a single source.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The fig, fruit of the fig tree (Ficus carica), used both as a concrete agricultural reference and as a metaphor for moral-spiritual fruitfulness. In Matt 7:16 and Luke 6:44, figs appear in Jesus' teaching that true character is known by its fruit — 'figs are not gathered from thornbushes.' Mark 11:13 narrates Jesus approaching a fig tree seeking fruit and finding none, a prophetic sign-act against fruitless Israel. Jas 3:12 uses the fig in an argument about consistent character: a fig tree cannot yield olives. The multilingual glosses (spa 'higos,' fra 'figue,' deu 'Feige') are perfectly stable, reflecting the universally recognized fruit with no semantic ambiguity across any occurrence. 4×
AR["تينًا", "لِلتِّينِ"]·ben["ডুমুর", "ডুমুরের"]·DE["Feige", "σῦκα"]·EN["figs", "of-figs"]·FR["figue"]·heb["גַּם־לֹא", "תְּאֵנִים"]·HI["अंजीर", "अंजीरों-का"]·ID["buah-ara", "buah-ara?"]·IT["suka", "sukon"]·jav["anjir", "woh-anjir", "woh-ara", "woh-ara?"]·KO["무화과-열매를?", "무화과?", "무화과를", "무화과의"]·PT["figos"]·RU["смокв", "смоквы", "смоквы?"]·ES["de-higos", "higos"]·SW["tini", "tini?", "wa-tini"]·TR["incir", "incir,", "incirleri", "incirlerin"]·urd["انجیر", "انجیر-کا", "انجیر?", "نہ"]
Related Senses
H3754 1. vineyard, cultivated grape plot (92×)H0730 1. cedar tree or wood (73×)H1612 1. vine, grapevine (55×)H3293a 1. forest, wood, thicket (55×)H5560 1. fine flour (53×)H5193 1. plant vegetation (48×)H2232 1. sow seed, plant crops (41×)H1715 1. grain, cereal crop (40×)H7114b 1. reap, harvest grain (36×)H2132 1. olive tree (34×)H8184 1. barley (34×)H2406 1. wheat (grain crop) (30×)H7070 1. reed, cane (plant) (30×)H7848 1. acacia (28×)H8328 1. root of a plant (28×)H8384 1. fig tree (25×)H5488 1. reeds, rushes (in 'Sea of Reeds') (24×)G0290 1. a vineyard (23×)G2325 1. reap, harvest a crop (21×)G4687 1. sow seed, plant (21×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
σῦκον, Boeotian dialect τῦκον Refs 5th c.BC+, τό, fruit of the συκῆ, fig, Refs 8th c.BC+; βασίλεια σ. were a large kind, Refs 4th c.BC+; to eat figs in the heat of the day was thought to cause fever, Refs 5th c.BC+; ξηρὰ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ 'as different as chalk from cheese', Refs 4th c.AD+; σύκῳ.. σ. οὐδὲ ἓν οὕτως ὅμοιον γέγονεν poetical cited in Refs 3rd c.BC+; σῦκα αἰτεῖν, proverbial for…